Journal of Craniovertebral Junction and Spine最新文献

{"title":"Management of lumbar spondylolisthesis: A retrospective analysis of posterior lumbar interbody fusion versus transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion.","authors":"Daniel Encarnacion-Santos, Renat Nurmukhametov, Medet Donasov, Alexander Volovich, Ismail Bozkurt, Jack Wellington, Miguel Espinal-Lendof, Ismael Peralta, Bipin Chaurasia","doi":"10.4103/jcvjs.jcvjs_74_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcvjs.jcvjs_74_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>One of the most frequent etiologies for spinal surgery is unstable lumbar spondylolisthesis (ULS). To decompress affected structures while maintaining or restoring stability through fusion, surgeons utilize a variety of procedures. When paired with interbody fusion, posterior fusion is most applied, resulting in greater fusion rates. The two most popular techniques for implementing spinal fusion are posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). As a result, these two procedures have been assessed formally.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent interbody fusion for lumbar stenosis through PLIF and minimally invasive (MI)-TLIF was performed. The patients were followed up for 24 months and fusion rates, Visual Analog Score (VAS), and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) alongside the MacNab clinical outcome score, were assessed. The Bridwell interbody fusion grading system was used to evaluate fusion rates in computed tomography (CT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Operations were performed in 60 cases where patients suffered from ULS. PLIF was performed on 33 patients (55%) (14 males and 19 females) and 27 patients (45%) (11 males and 16 females) who underwent MI-TLIF. In 87% of our respective cohort, either the L4-5 or the L5-S1 level was operated on. Overall fusion rates were comparable between the two groups; however, the TLIF group improved more in terms of VAS, ODI, and MacNab scores. On average, MI-TLIF surgery was longer and resulted in reduced blood loss. MI-TLIF patients were more mobile than PLIF patients postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>With well-established adequate results in the literature, TLIF offers benefits over other methods used for interbody lumbar fusion in ULS or other diseases of the spine. However, MI-TLIF may procure more advantageous for patients if MI methods are implemented. In this instance, TLIF outperformed PLIF due to shorter operating times, less blood loss, faster ODI recovery, better MacNab scores, and a greater decline in VAS pain ratings.</p>","PeriodicalId":51721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Craniovertebral Junction and Spine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11029118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140861420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of congestive heart failure on patients undergoing lumbar spine fusion for adult spine deformity.","authors":"Oluwatobi O Onafowokan, Waleed Ahmad, Kimberly McFarland, Tyler K Williamson, Peter Tretiakov, Jamshaid M Mir, Ankita Das, Joshua Bell, Sara Naessig, Shaleen Vira, Virginie Lafage, Carl Paulino, Bassel Diebo, Andrew Schoenfeld, Hamid Hassanzadeh, Pawel P Jankowski, Aaron Hockley, Peter Gust Passias","doi":"10.4103/jcvjs.jcvjs_186_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcvjs.jcvjs_186_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>With the increasing amount of elective spine fusion patients presenting with cardiac disease and congestive heart failure, it is becoming difficult to assess when it is safe to proceed with surgery. Assessing the severity of heart failure (HF) through ejection fraction may provide insight into patients' short- and long-term risks.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to assess the severity of HF on perioperative outcomes of spine fusion surgery patients.</p><p><strong>Study design/setting: </strong>This was a retrospective cohort study of the PearlDiver database.</p><p><strong>Patient sample: </strong>We enrolled 670,526 patients undergoing spine fusion surgery.</p><p><strong>Outcome measures: </strong>Thirty-day and 90-day complication rates, discharge destination, length of stay (LOS), physician reimbursement, and hospital costs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients undergoing elective spine fusion surgery were isolated and stratified by preoperative HF with preserved ejection fraction (P-EF) or reduced ejection fraction (R-EF) (International Classification of Diseases-9: 428.32 [chronic diastolic HF] and 428.22 [chronic systolic HF]). Means comparison tests (Chi-squared and independent samples t-tests, as appropriate) compared differences in demographics, diagnoses, comorbidities, procedural characteristics, LOS, 30-day and 90-day complication outcomes, and total hospital charges between those diagnosed with P-EF and those not R-EF. Binary logistic regression assessed the odds of complication associated with HF, controlling for levels fused (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval]). Statistical significance was set at <i>P</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Totally 670,526 elective spine fusion patients were included. Four thousand and seventy-seven were diagnosed with P-EF and 2758 R-EF. Overall, P-EF patients presented with higher rates of morbid obesity, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension (all <i>P</i> < 0.001). In relation to No-HF, P-EF patients had higher rates of 30-day major complications including pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, cerebrovascular accident (CVA), myocardial infarctions (MI), sepsis, and death (all <i>P</i> < 0.001). Furthermore, P-EF was associated significantly with increased odds of pneumonia (OR: 2.07 [1.64-2.56], <i>P</i> < 0.001) and sepsis (OR: 2.09 [1.62-2.66], <i>P</i> < 0.001). Relative to No-HF, R-EF was associated with significantly higher odds of MI (OR: 3.66 [2.34-5.47]), CVA (OR: 2.70 [1.67-4.15]), and pneumonia (OR: 1.85 [1.40-2.40]) (all <i>P</i> < 0.001) postoperative within 30 days. Adjusting for prior history of MI, CAD, and the presence of a pacemaker R-EF was a significant predictor of an MI 30 days postoperatively (OR: 2.2 [1.14-4.32], <i>P</i> = 0.021). Further adjusting for history of CABG or stent placement, R-EF was associated with higher odds of CVA (OR: 2.11 [1","PeriodicalId":51721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Craniovertebral Junction and Spine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11029109/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140869528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transpedicular Contrast-enhanced CT-guided biopsy of the body and dens of the axis avoiding the trans-oral approach: Technical report and literature review.","authors":"Nicolas Papalexis, Federico Ponti, Paola Di Masi, Giuliano Peta, Leonor Garbin Savarese, Marco Miceli, Giancarlo Facchini, Paolo Spinnato","doi":"10.4103/jcvjs.jcvjs_183_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcvjs.jcvjs_183_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This technical report illustrates the technique to perform computed tomography (CT)-guided bone biopsies in the body and dens of the axis (C2 vertebra) through a posterior transpedicular approach with the use of preoperative contrast-enhanced scans to highlight the course of the vertebral artery. The technique is presented through two exemplification cases: a pediatric patient with osteoblastoma and secondary aneurysmal bone cyst and one adult patient with melanoma metastasis. This case highlights the potential of the CT-guided posterolateral/transpedicular approach for performing safe and effective biopsies in the body and dens of C2, even in pediatric patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":51721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Craniovertebral Junction and Spine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11029103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140853520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"C1-C2 sublaminar taping for displaced odontoid synchondrosis fracture in an infant: A case report and novel surgical technique.","authors":"Ryan J Campbell, Motofumi Yasutomi, Sarah Nicholls, Elizabeth Mazepa, Stephen Ruff, Randolph Gray","doi":"10.4103/jcvjs.jcvjs_184_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcvjs.jcvjs_184_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pediatric cervical spine injuries are rare, and the diagnosis and management can be challenging. Surgical intervention has been recommended in unstable odontoid synchondrosis injuries or those that have failed nonoperative measures. However, the literature remains sparse on the operative management of severe injuries due to the low incidence. An 18-month-old female sustained an unstable odontoid synchondrosis fracture from a motor vehicle accident. Due to ongoing instability after initial immobilization in a halo, the decision was made to proceed with surgical management. With the patient positioned prone and neural monitoring throughout, a posterior approach was utilized. Subperiosteal exposure of the C1 posterior arch was performed bilaterally. A spinal fixation band was passed under the right C1 posterior arch, around the C2 spinous process, under the left C1 posterior arch, and finally back under the C2 spinous process. The C1-C2 distraction was reduced using intraoperative imaging, and the sublaminar tape construct was secured and reinforced. The halo was then reattached. Postoperative recovery was complicated by a halo pin-site infection which was treated with oral antibiotics. The halo was removed after 3 months, following a computerized tomography that demonstrated union. X-rays at 6 months revealed anatomical alignment with the union. Surgery is recommended in pediatric odontoid synchondrosis fractures refractory to nonoperative management. Sublaminar taping of C1-C2 with a spinal fixation band has been demonstrated to be an effective surgical technique in the management of an unstable odontoid synchondrosis fracture.</p>","PeriodicalId":51721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Craniovertebral Junction and Spine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11029102/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140855503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lumbar canal \"stenosis:\" Instability is the issue and stabilization is the treatment.","authors":"Atul Goel","doi":"10.4103/jcvjs.jcvjs_30_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcvjs.jcvjs_30_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Craniovertebral Junction and Spine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11029104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140864368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spinal lymphangiomas: Case-based review of a chameleonic disease entity.","authors":"François Yves Legninda Sop, Alberto Benato, Blaise Koumare Izoudine, Kifah Khouri, Anna Marangon, Flavia Fraschetti, Nicolas Lonjon, Stefano Ferraresi","doi":"10.4103/jcvjs.jcvjs_125_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcvjs.jcvjs_125_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Lymphangiomas are benign hamartomas in the spectrum of lymphatic malformations, exhibiting multifaceted clinical features. Spinal involvement is exceedingly rare, with only 35 cases reported to date. Both due to their rarity and chameleonic radiologic features, spinal lymphangiomas (SLs) are usually misdiagnosed; postoperatively, surgeons are thus confronted with an unexpected histopathological diagnosis with sparse pertinent literature and no treatment guidelines available.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here, we report the case of a 67-year-old female who underwent surgery for a T6-T7 epidural SL with transforaminal extension, manifesting with spastic paraparesis. Then, we present the results of the first systematic review of the literature on this subject, delineating the clinical and imaging features and the therapeutic implications of this rare disease entity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our patient was treated with T6-T7 hemilaminectomy and resection of the epidural mass, with complete recovery of her neurological picture. No recurrence was evident at 18 months. In the literature, 35 cases of SL were reported that can be classified as vertebral SL (n = 18), epidural SL (n = 10), intradural SL (n = 3), or intrathoracic lymphangiomas with secondary spinal involvement (n = 4). Specific treatment strategies (both surgical and nonsurgical) were adopted in relation to each of these categories.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Gathering knowledge about SL is fundamental to promote both correct preoperative identification and appropriate perioperative management of this rare disease entity. By reviewing the literature and discussing an exemplary case, we delineate a framework that can guide surgeons facing such an unfamiliar diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":51721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Craniovertebral Junction and Spine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11029117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140872602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of navigation for anterior and posterior instrumentation in the surgical management of pediatric pathologic lumbosacral deformity.","authors":"Sassan Keshavarzi, Jeffrey Spardy, Subaraman Ramchandran, Stephen George","doi":"10.4103/jcvjs.jcvjs_144_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcvjs.jcvjs_144_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report the use of computerized tomography (CT)-guided navigation for complex spinal deformity correction (anterior and posterior) in an 8-year-old patient with neurofibromatosis complicated by dystrophic pedicles, dural ectasia, and extensive vertebral scalloping. A retrospective review was conducted of the patient's medical records for the past 3 years, including the patient's office visit notes, operative reports, pre- and 2-year postoperative imaging studies. The patient successfully underwent anterior lumbar interbody fusion from L3-S1 using CT-guided navigation to negotiate the challenges posed by dural ectasia and vertebral body scalloping. One week after the anterior procedure, she underwent navigation-guided T10-to-pelvis posterior instrumented fusion. There were no perioperative or postoperative complications at 2 years. In patients with complex deformities of the spine, including dural ectasia, scalloped vertebral bodies, and decreased pedicle integrity, the use of intraoperative CT-guided navigation can benefit surgeons by facilitating the safe placement of interbody spacers and pedicle screws.</p>","PeriodicalId":51721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Craniovertebral Junction and Spine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11029110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140871745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upper and lower cervical alignment parameters measured on supine magnetic resonance imaging with the occipital slope as a key marker of cervical alignment.","authors":"Hamza Karabag, Ahmet Celal Iplikcioglu","doi":"10.4103/jcvjs.jcvjs_185_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcvjs.jcvjs_185_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Cervical spine alignment is evaluated by measuring the cervical angles or parameters on standing plain radiography. In this study, we aimed to evaluate mainly the upper cervical alignment and the correlation between upper and lower cervical sagittal parameters measured on supine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Cervical MRIs of 210 outpatients were reviewed to measure the upper and lower cervical sagittal parameters. Their mean values were compared with normative values measured on standing X-ray from the literature. Correlations between the parameters were analyzed using the Pearson's correlation coefficient.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The C0 slope was correlated with all other parameters, except for the C2-7 sagittal vertical axis. The strongest correlations (r > 0.500) were between the CL and C2 slope, between the CO₂ and C0 slope, and between the C2 slope and C0 slope.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>On supine MRI, the C0 slope is a key marker of cervical spinal alignment. A strong correlation was observed between the C2 slope and C0 slope; therefore, the relationship between upper and lower cervical alignment could be assessed using slopes on MRI.</p>","PeriodicalId":51721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Craniovertebral Junction and Spine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11029111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140874043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Venous pathology targeted surgical management in Hirayama disease: A comprehensive case series of nine cases exploring this potential etiology.","authors":"Deepak Nandkishore Sharma, Vamsi Krishna Yerramneni, Thirumal Yerragunta, Govind B Gaikwad, Vasundhara S Rangan, Sasank Akurati","doi":"10.4103/jcvjs.jcvjs_179_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcvjs.jcvjs_179_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Hirayama disease is a rare cause of cervical myelopathy predominantly affecting young individuals. The disease is classically characterized by muscle atrophy in the distal upper limbs. While various etiopathogenesis such as dural sac dysplasia, nerve root dysplasia, structural abnormalities of the spinal ligament, and venous dysplasia have been proposed, this study explores the potential role of venous pathology and surgical management on the basis of it.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This is a prospective descriptive case series of nine cases. The diagnosis was made based on the Huashan diagnostic criteria which includes clinical manifestation, imaging, and electrophysiology. In cases where magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) failed to demonstrate engorged veins, a computed tomography (CT) venogram of the cervical spine was used as an imaging tool. All patients underwent cervical laminectomy and coagulation of the posterior epidural venous plexus with or without laminoplasty. All the patients were followed up regularly; clinical improvement and neck disability index were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All nine patients were male and exhibited classical clinical features, electrophysiological abnormalities, and MRI findings except, in one patient where a CT venogram helped in establishing the diagnosis as the MRI was inconclusive. Postoperatively, all patients had neurological improvement and stabilization of the disease. All patients who underwent CT venogram and cervical spine X-ray in neutral and dynamic position demonstrated no recurrence of engorged venous plexus or significant instability except one patient developing kyphosis. One patient experiencing symptoms in the other limb underwent a second surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This comprehensive case series strongly supports venous pathology as a potential etiology of Hirayama disease. Surgical management with laminectomy and venous coagulation with or without expansile laminoplasty has delivered consistent improvement in neurological outcomes and long-term disease stabilization without the restriction of movements and lesser complications. However, further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanism underlying cervical venous dilatation.</p>","PeriodicalId":51721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Craniovertebral Junction and Spine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11029119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140858983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical strategies in the management of atlantoaxial dislocation in Down syndrome.","authors":"Vivek Baylis Joseph, Swaminathan Ganesh, Tony Varghese Panicker","doi":"10.4103/jcvjs.jcvjs_171_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcvjs.jcvjs_171_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To study the clinicoradiological features and treatment outcomes of atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) in Down syndrome.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>Retrospective case series.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>A retrospective chart and radiology review of 9 Down syndrome patients with AAD managed at our center from 2007 to 2018.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>Chi-squared/Fisher's exact test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 4 males and 5 females (n = 9). The median age was 14 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 7-15.5). 77.7% (7/9) of patients had severe spasticity (Nurick Grades 4 and 5). The median duration of symptoms was 9 months (IQR: 5-39). The AAD was reducible in all (n = 9) cases. Eight (88.8%) patients had os odontoideum. The mean atlantodental interval (ADI) was 8.5 mm (±2.9). T2W cord hyperintensity was seen in 66.6% (6/9). Posterior C1-2 transarticular fixation was done in 8 and occipitocervical fusion in 1 patient. Follow-up of more than 6 months (7-57 months) was available in 8/9 (88.9%) patients. There was a significant improvement in spasticity (n = 8, mean Nurick Grade 1.7 (±1.1), <i>P</i> = 0.003). Follow-up radiographs (n = 8) showed good reduction and fusion. A preoperative bedbound patient with poor respiratory reserve expired at 10 months following surgery. There were no other complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Posterior surgical approach for AAD in Down syndrome resulted in good alignment and fusion, with excellent clinical improvement. Patients with elevated PCO₂ are poor surgical candidates and require home ventilation facility.</p>","PeriodicalId":51721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Craniovertebral Junction and Spine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11029113/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140874033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}