Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics最新文献

{"title":"Getting your publication right - Part 4 structuring a research manuscript: A guide to understanding, detecting, and preventing plagiarism.","authors":"Aditya Mitra, R S Mohan Kumar, N Velmurugan, Sonali Sharma, Geeta Asthana, Sonali Taneja, Suparna Saha, Shishir Singh","doi":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_931_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_931_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plagiarism is one of the most persistent ethical problems in academic and scientific publishing. Once limited to copying sentences from books, it has grown into a far more complicated challenge, driven by the internet, intense research competition, and the rapid spread of generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools. This article provides a thorough overview of plagiarism - definition, historical roots, types, contributing factors, detection tools, and regulatory frameworks with particular focus on recent developments through 2025/2026. The article pays special attention to India's regulatory approach under the University Grants Commission 2018 Regulations, the global role of the Committee on Publication Ethics, and the newly published Generative AI Transparency 2024 guidelines. The central argument is that addressing plagiarism today demands a combination of good ethical education, clear institutional policies, honest AI disclosure, and a genuine commitment to original thinking.</p>","PeriodicalId":516842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics","volume":"29 10","pages":"1075-1083"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13703945/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149279604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical evaluation of horizontal intracoronal reinforcement strategies in endodontically treated teeth: An <i>in vitro</i> study.","authors":"Rosary S Joselin, Aruna Kumari Veronica, Anand V Susila","doi":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_697_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_697_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Comparison of reinforcement strategies for root-filled teeth.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Comparative evaluation of four conservative intracoronal reinforcement techniques on the fracture resistance and compressive stress of root canal-treated premolars.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>Recently extracted human upper premolars were randomly divided into five groups (<i>n</i> = 10): intact teeth (control), horizontal fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) post, horizontal dentin post, polyethylene fiber reinforcement (Ribbond), and pre-impregnated glass fiber reinforcement (Interlig). Excluding the control group, mesio-occluso-distal cavities were prepared in the other groups, root canals were treated, reinforcement was performed according to the assigned techniques, and restoration was done with bulk-fill composite resin. Fracture resistance and compressive stress were measured using a universal testing machine after thermocycling.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>Fracture resistance and compressive stress were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's <i>post hoc</i> test (α =0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences were found between the groups (<i>P</i> = 0.008). The control and pre-impregnated glass fiber groups showed the highest and similar values of compressive stress. The horizontal FRC post group showed the lowest values, which were significantly inferior (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The horizontal dentin post and polyethylene fiber groups performed better than the horizontal FRC post group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pre-impregnated glass fiber, horizontal dentin post, and polyethylene fiber reinforcement exhibited biomechanical performance equivalent to intact teeth, while horizontal FRC posts demonstrated inferior performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":516842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics","volume":"29 10","pages":"1151-1156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13703951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149279452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of shear bond strength of composite restorations and glass-incorporated restorations with calcium silicate-based cement liner: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Sunny Gopal Rohida, Anuradha Bhausaheb Patil, Sumanthini V Margasahayam, Divya Chandrashekhar Naik, Prashant Umakant Bhasge","doi":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_350_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_350_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of vital pulp therapy is to preserve the vitality of the pulp by placing biocompatible material over exposed or nearly exposed pulp tissue. The shear bond strength (SBS) between the liner material and the final restoration significantly influences the success of this approach. This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to compare and evaluate the SBS of composite and glass-incorporated restorations with calcium silicate-based cement as the liner.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A thorough literature search was performed across multiple electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, and Sicelo, using a combination of Medical Subject Headings terms and relevant keywords. Only <i>in vitro</i> studies published in English up to March 2025 were considered. The review focused on studies assessing the SBS of restorations (composite and glass-based) using calcium silicate-based liners such as mineral trioxide aggregate, Biodentine, TheraCal LC (Light Cure), and calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Quality Assessment Tool For In Vitro Studies (QUIN) tool. Eligible studies were subjected to quantitative synthesis through meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen studies were selected based on eligibility criteria. Among these, 15 exhibited medium risk of bias, while one showed a low risk. All 16 studies were incorporated into the meta-analysis. The majority of the included studies demonstrated that composite restorations exhibited superior SBS compared to glass-incorporated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Current evidence suggests that composite restorations paired with calcium silicate-based liners provide a higher SBS compared to glass ionomer-containing restorations. Among these, Biodentine stands out as the most effective liner, thanks to its chemical and physical properties that improve bonding performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":516842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics","volume":"29 10","pages":"1105-1114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13703941/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149279545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of dentinal tubule occlusion following brushing simulation with biomimetic desensitizing toothpastes and diode laser: An <i>in vitro</i> scanning electron microscopic study.","authors":"Ganachari Vydyam Abhigna, Sandeep Rudranaik, Sahadev Chickmagravalli Krishnegowda, Bharath Makonahalli Jaganath, Raghu Kachenahalli Narasimhaiah","doi":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_731_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_731_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Contemporary management of dentinal hypersensitivity increasingly focuses on achieving durable dentinal tubule occlusion through biomimetic materials and laser-assisted therapy.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To comparatively evaluate the efficacy of nanohydroxyapatite toothpaste, bioactive glass-based toothpaste, and diode laser therapy in occluding dentinal tubules using scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Forty extracted human premolar teeth were used to prepare standardized dentin discs measuring 2 mm in thickness. The specimens were etched using 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (SafeEndo Smart Prep liquid) for 2 minutes to expose dentinal tubules and randomly allocated into four groups (<i>n</i> = 10): Group I - Artificial saliva (control) (X-Wet by Biozinik healthcare), Group II - Nanohydroxyapatite toothpaste (Clockwork), Group III - Bioactive glass toothpaste (Elsenz), and Group IV - Diode laser (IMDSL). Brushing simulation was carried out twice daily for 7 days in Groups II and III. SEM analysis was performed at different magnifications to evaluate dentinal tubule occlusion. Statistical analysis was performed using One-Way ANOVA and Tukey's <i>post hoc</i> test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Diode laser treatment demonstrated the highest degree of dentinal tubule occlusion (92%), followed by bioactive glass toothpaste (80%) and nanohydroxyapatite toothpaste (72%). Both toothpaste groups exhibited significantly greater tubule occlusion than the control group (8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Diode laser demonstrated superior dentinal tubule occlusion compared to nanohydroxyapatite and bioactive glass-based toothpastes. Bioactive glass toothpaste showed greater efficacy than nanohydroxyapatite toothpaste.</p>","PeriodicalId":516842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics","volume":"29 10","pages":"1157-1161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13703952/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149279610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of delivery method on periapical extrusion of a hydraulic calcium silicate cement-based sealer during single-cone root canal filling technique: An <i>in vitro</i> study.","authors":"Yasmina Andreani, Ryan David Butler, Paul V Abbott, Mostafa M A Elkholy","doi":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_719_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_719_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hydraulic calcium silicate cement-based sealers (HCSCSs) have become increasingly popular in single-cone obturation techniques due to their superior biocompatibility and flowability. However, the inherent flowability of these materials may predispose them to periapical extrusion. Despite the clinical significance of sealer extrusion, there is limited evidence regarding the optimal delivery method to minimize this complication.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare three delivery methods for a ready-to-use HCSCS during single-cone root canal filling in mandibular molars and evaluate their effect on periapical extrusion.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Forty-eight human mandibular molars with single distal canals were instrumented to a standardized apical size and filled using EndoSequence BC sealer with three delivery methods: syringe injection (SI), cone coating (CC), and injection followed by sonic agitation with an EndoActivator (EA). Each group contained 16 samples (n = 16). A closed-system model was established using polyvinyl siloxane and blueberry as a biological barrier to simulate periapical resistance. Periapical extrusion was assessed radiographically using two projections immediately after root canal filling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The SI group displayed periapical extrusion in 62.5% of samples, compared to 31.25% in both the CC and EA groups. However, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.151).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The delivery method did not significantly influence the frequency of periapical extrusion when using HCSCS with the single-cone technique. Nevertheless, the numerical trend toward reduced extrusion with passive CC and sonic agitation warrants further investigation to optimize sealer placement and reduce the risk of complications associated with periapical extrusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":516842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics","volume":"29 10","pages":"1115-1121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13703940/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149279620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of access cavity design and instrumentation on pericervical dentin thickness in molars: A cone-beam computed tomography-based pilot randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Gauri Arora, Sarita Gill, Ruchika Roongta Nawal, Nilav Bhagabati, Sudha Yadav, Peeyush Pathak","doi":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_710_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_710_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the effect of different access cavity designs and endodontic instrumentation on pericervical dentin (PCD) thickness in multirooted permanent molars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This pilot randomized clinical trial included 120 multirooted permanent molars randomly allocated into four groups (<i>n</i> = 30): traditional access cavity (TradAC), conservative access cavity (ConsAC), ultraconservative (Ninja) access cavity (UltraConsAC), and truss access cavity (TrussAC). Preoperative CBCT scans were obtained to measure PCD thickness. Following access cavity preparation and root canal instrumentation, postoperative CBCT scans were acquired to evaluate changes in PCD thickness (ΔPCD). Changes in PCD thickness (ΔPCD) were calculated and compared among the groups using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's <i>post hoc</i> test. Procedural time was also recorded. Statistical significance was set at <i>P</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All groups demonstrated a significant reduction in PCD thickness after instrumentation (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The TradAC group exhibited the greatest dentin loss (3.08 ± 0.92 mm; 27.7%), followed by ConsAC (1.86 ± 0.51 mm; 16.7%). TrussAC (1.23 ± 0.35 mm; 11.6%) and UltraConsAC (1.04 ± 0.25 mm; 10.3%) preserved significantly more dentin. Greater dentin reduction occurred on the buccal and distal surfaces. Procedural time differed significantly among groups (<i>P</i> < 0.001), with UltraConsAC requiring the longest treatment time and TradAC the shortest.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>UltraConsAC and TrussAC designs preserved significantly more PCD than TradAC and ConsAC, supporting minimally invasive endodontic principles. Long-term clinical studies are required to determine whether improved dentin preservation enhances fracture resistance and long-term tooth survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":516842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics","volume":"29 10","pages":"1169-1175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13703931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149279556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term outcomes of vital pulp therapy in teeth affected by dental caries or trauma: A systematic review.","authors":"Ananya Kaul, Rajesh Shetty, Anil Pardeshi, Poonam Joshi, Ankita Mathur","doi":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_596_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_596_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The utilization of vital pulp therapy (VPT) has significantly increased in immature and mature permanent teeth due to the advancement in calcium silicate-based biomaterials like Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, and other modern bioceramic formulations. However, long-term longevity and available evidence for treatment outcomes in different clinical conditions are still in a heterogeneous form. The study aimed to systematically assess the longevity, clinical success, and prognostic factors associated with VPT in teeth affected by Dental caries or traumatic pulp exposure.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This systematic review was done by following the predetermined and structured screening process. The 1042 records were identified from Database searching. After removal of duplicate records and after eligibility assessment, a total of 13 studies were included in the study for final analysis. The narrative synthesis of available evidence was done based on VPT technique, used biomaterial, tooth maturity, follow-up duration, and predictors associated with treatment success or failure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>VPT has consistently shown the favorable clinical and radiographic outcomes in included studies. The reported success rates for Partial pulpotomy were 70% to 93%, while for complete/full pulpotomy it was 80% to 95%. The treatment success for mature permanent teeth was 70% to 100%, whereas more consistent treatment outcomes were observed in immature permanent teeth, in which success rates were 84.5% to 93.1%. The continued root development and apexogenesis were frequently reported. Bioceramic materials have shown significant favorable results than calcium hydroxide. 85% success rate was reported for MTA after 24 months in one randomized clinical trial, whereas it was 43% for calcium hydroxide. Biodentine has shown the favorable outcomes as like MTA, whereas new fast-setting calcium silicate cements have shown more than 90% success rates in selected studies. The treatment outcomes during short-term and medium-term follow-up had remained favorable with 85%-90% success after 24 months in many studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current evidence suggests that the VPT predictable and durable treatment method for teeth affected by carious or traumatic pulp exposures. Especially, the calcium silicate-based biomaterials like MTA and Biodentine have shown the high clinical success in different clinical conditions. The pulp vitality can be successfully preserved in immature and mature permanent teeth by using adequate biomaterials, restorative strategies, and case-selection criteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":516842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics","volume":"29 10","pages":"1084-1094"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13703943/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149279572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing the synthesis of bioactive glass for endodontic applications.","authors":"Tahir Yusuf Noorani, Eyas Abuhijleh, Matheel Al-Rawas, Sohaib Fadhil Mohammed, Manahil Maqbool, Mohmed Isaqali Karobari","doi":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_748_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_748_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of the study was to optimize the sol-gel synthesis of bioactive glass (BG) 58S by evaluating the influence of an ammonia catalyst on its textural, morphological, and structural properties.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>BG 58S was synthesized using a modified sol-gel technique. Two groups were prepared: Group I (0 mL ammonia) and Group II (1.5 mL ammonia). Following aging and calcination at 600°C, both powders were characterized using scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SEM images of Group I revealed highly irregular, angular, and plate-like microparticles with smooth surfaces. In contrast, Group II demonstrated loosely packed, fine, spherical nanoparticles aggregated into clusters. EDX and FTIR confirmed the presence of a silicate network in both groups. XRD confirmed that amorphous glass phase was present in both groups, with Group II having a broader halo. BET analysis showed that both materials were type IV mesoporous structures, and a more homogeneous pore network with fewer large mesopores was present in Group II.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The addition of ammonia solution improved the morphology and structural homogeneity of sol-gel-derived BG 58S without affecting its chemical composition. This study lays the basis for the synthesis of BG 58S for incorporation into novel endodontic sealers, pulp capping agents, and retrograde filling materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":516842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics","volume":"29 10","pages":"1162-1168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13703953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149279618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exosome-loaded human amniotic membrane hydrogel modulates regenerative responses of human dental pulp stem cells.","authors":"Hesti Witasari Jos Erry, Anggraini Margono, Dini Asrianti Bagio, Dewi Fatma Suniarti, Indra Kusuma, Hendrik Setia Budi, Rachmat Mauludin, Dodi Valentino Tambun, Normalina Sandora, Thanaphum Osathanon, Lisa Rinanda Amir","doi":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_576_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_576_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Human dental pulp stem cell (hDPSC)-derived exosomes may support dentin-pulp regeneration, but free exosomes have limited local retention. Human amniotic membrane hydrogel may serve as a scaffold for exosome delivery.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study evaluated the effect of exosome-loaded human amniotic membrane (hAM-Exo) hydrogel on hDPSC responses compared with free exosomes under basal and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated conditions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>hDPSCs were treated with free exosomes or hAM-Exo at 0.5%, 1%, and 5%, with or without LPS. Viability, cytocompatibility, migration, vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) secretion, and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) expression were evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, live/dead, scratch, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assays. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and <i>post hoc</i> tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>hAM-Exo was cytocompatible in all groups and showed a more stable metabolic profile than free exosomes at 96 h. hAM-Exo 1% significantly increased VEGF-A secretion under basal conditions at 48 h. Under LPS stimulation, hAM-Exo better preserved VEGF-A secretion than free exosomes, while hAM-Exo at all concentrations significantly enhanced DSPP expression on days 7 and 14.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>hAM-Exo modulated regenerative-related hDPSC responses under basal and inflammatory conditions compared with free exosomes, supporting scaffold-assisted exosome delivery for cell-free regenerative endodontics.</p>","PeriodicalId":516842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics","volume":"29 9","pages":"993-998"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13600708/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149043157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profilometric analysis of OptraPol^®, OptraGloss^®, and Sof-Lex^® polishing systems on surface roughness of Endure Nano composite: An <i>in vitro</i> study.","authors":"Divya Kunam, Tirunagari Chandana, Swetha Yadatha, Chnv Murali Krishna","doi":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_486_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_486_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of commercially available polishing systems, 3M Sof-Lex^® Diamond Polishing Spiral, Ivoclar Vivadent OptraPol^®, and Ivoclar Vivadent OptraGloss^®, on the surface roughness (<i>R</i> _a) of Septodont Endure Nano composite using a profilometer.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty-six disc-shaped specimens (8 mm diameter and 4 mm thickness) of Endure Nano composite were fabricated using a custom-made mold and polymerized with an LED light-curing unit. All specimens were sequentially finished under running water with 400-, 600-, and 1000-grit silicon carbide abrasive papers to standardize surface texture and then stored in saline at 37°C for 24 h. The samples were randomly divided into three groups (<i>n</i> = 12): Group I - Sof-Lex^® Diamond Polishing Spiral (3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA), Group II - OptraGloss^® (Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein) Composite Kit Restoration Polisher and Group III - Optra Pól^® (Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein) Composite Restoration Polisher; the polishing procedure for all three polishing systems was performed according to manufacturer instructions. Surface roughness (<i>R</i> _a) was measured at three points per specimen using a profilometer, and mean values were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A statistically significant difference was found among the groups (<i>P</i> < 0.005). OptraGloss^® (<i>R</i> _a = 0.2163 µm) demonstrated the lowest surface roughness, indicating the smoothest finish, followed by OptraPol^® (<i>R</i> _a = 0.4080 µm). In contrast, 3M Sof-Lex^® (<i>R</i> _a = 0.5086 µm) exhibited the highest surface roughness.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>OptraGloss^® was the most effective polishing system, producing a smoother surface compared to both OptraPol^® and 3M Sof-Lex^®.</p>","PeriodicalId":516842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics","volume":"29 9","pages":"1043-1047"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13600715/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149043216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}