Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics最新文献

{"title":"Change in serum biomarker levels in patients of apical periodontitis after root canal treatment using two different root canal sealers: A randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Jyoti Sharma, Pravin Kumar, Shailja Sharma, Vinay Kumar Chugh, Sharmila Shanmugam, Arun Kumar Patnana","doi":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_213_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_213_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of the study was to comparatively evaluate the difference in serum pro-inflammatory (soluble cluster of differentiation-14 [sCD14]) and anti-inflammatory (interleukin-10 [IL-10]) biomarkers levels when 2 different root canal sealers are used during root canal treatment (RCT) in systemically healthy patients with apical periodontitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was a parallel double-blind randomized clinical trial; 54 carious mature permanent teeth with apical periodontitis were randomized using a block randomization technique to either Group 1 (Tubli-seal) (<i>n</i> = 27) or Group 2 (BioRoot RCS) (<i>n</i> = 27). Participants received root canal treatment (RCT) and were followed up at 15 days and 2 months. Venous blood samples were obtained, and serum pro-inflammatory, sCD14, and anti-inflammatory, IL-10 biomarkers were assessed by ELISA, and Periapical healing was evaluated by periapical index (PAI). Intragroup and intergroup analysis was done using the Friedman and Mann-Whitney <i>U</i>-test, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Group 1, pro-inflammatory biomarker (sCD-14) demonstrated statistically significant results (<i>P</i> = 0.008). Regarding anti-inflammatory biomarker (IL-10), neither of the groups displayed statistically significant changes (<i>P</i> > 0.05). An analysis of the PAI scores revealed statistically significant improvements from preoperative to postoperative levels for both groups (<i>P</i> = 0.00).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RCT reduces serum pro-inflammatory biomarker levels and no significant changes in levels of anti-inflammatory biomarkers in patients of apical periodontitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":516842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics","volume":"28 6","pages":"543-548"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144478369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An <i>in vitro</i> comparative evaluation of silver and chitosan nanoparticles on shear bond strength of nanohybrid composite using different adhesion protocols.","authors":"Roopadevi Garlapati, Nagesh Bolla, Mayana Aameena Banu, Anila Bandlapally Sreenivasa Guptha, Niharika Halder, Ram Chowdary Basam","doi":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_167_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_167_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The utilization of different nanoparticles has captured more attention in dentistry because of their unique properties, high surface energy, and size of <100 nm.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) and chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) on the shear bond strength (SBS) of nanohybrid composite with different adhesion protocols.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>The study was designed as an <i>in vitro</i> study.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Occlusal surfaces of 50 maxillary premolars (<i>n</i> = 50) were ground to obtain flat dentin surfaces. The specimens were then randomly allocated into five groups, each comprising 10 specimens (<i>n</i> = 10). Group I (Control): No nanoparticles were applied; Group II: Silver nanoparticles (SNPs) were applied prior to the etching; Group III: SNPs were applied following the etching; Group IV: Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) were applied prior to the etching; Group V: CNPs were applied following the etching. Bonding agent application and composite buildup were performed on all specimens. SBS of the nanohybrid composite was evaluated using a universal testing machine. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way analysis of variance, followed by <i>post hoc</i> Tukey's test, with the significance level set at <i>P</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group IV exhibited the highest SBS, followed by Group II. A decline in SBS values was observed in Group III and Group V, respectively, while the lowest SBS was recorded in Group I (<i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The application of CNPs and SNPs before etching demonstrated significant enhancement in SBS when compared to other groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":516842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics","volume":"28 6","pages":"522-526"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144478366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring dentists' perspectives on endodontic treatment for patients with systemic health conditions: A questionnaire-based study.","authors":"Abinia Vaishnavi, Ramesh Bharti, Pragya Pandey, Promila Verma","doi":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_212_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_212_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study explores dentists' practices and approaches in the Indian subpopulation for endodontic management of patients with systemic conditions. It also evaluates dentists' knowledge and awareness regarding the impact of systemic conditions on endodontic treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We mailed the Google Forms containing pre-validated questionnaires to 600 participants, which included endodontists (<i>n</i> = 200), general dentists (<i>n</i> = 200), and other specialty dentists (<i>n</i> = 200) in the Indian subpopulation. A total of 458 participants responded; among them, the response rate was 33.5% from the endodontist, 38% from the General Dentist, and 28.5% from other specialty dentists. We analysed the data using Chi-square analysis and logistic regression, with a significance level of 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study analysed the responses from 458 dental professionals, including 153 endodontists (33.5%), 174 general dentists (38%), and 131 specialists (28.5%). The key findings revealed that most participants (96.8%) agreed that systemic conditions influence endodontic therapy, with 94.9% identifying the risk of postoperative infection as a primary concern for immune-compromised patients. While 54.4% supported antibiotic prophylaxis for systemic conditions, 45.6% disagreed. Endodontists exhibited excellent knowledge of antibiotic prophylaxis requirements (98.1%) compared to general dentists (71.1%) and other specialists (95.0%) (<i>P</i> = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study's findings have significant implications for dental practice, highlighting the need for a comprehensive understanding of the impact of systemic conditions on endodontic therapy. Variations in knowledge and confidence, particularly in areas such as antibiotic prophylaxis and managing systemic conditions, highlight the importance of ongoing education and awareness.</p>","PeriodicalId":516842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics","volume":"28 6","pages":"565-572"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144478444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revolutionizing dental restorations with nanoparticle-incorporated composites.","authors":"Janani Karunakaran, Srilekha Jayakumar, Sinduja Rajamani, B Sindhu Shri, G Nandhini, Vignesh Srinivasan","doi":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_98_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_98_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The field of dental composites encompasses a diverse array of materials utilized extensively in modern dentistry for both restorative and cosmetic procedures. These composites typically consist of an organic matrix, dispersed filler particles, and a coupling agent to integrate the two. One of the most significant advancements in composite resin development came in the late 1950s when Bowen's successfully formulated a compromise between epoxy and methacrylate resins. Nanoparticles have gained significant attention in dentistry due to their unique properties, including small particle size, increased surface area, and enhanced mechanical and optical characteristics. Various nanomaterials, including nanorods, nanospheres, nanotubes, nanofibers, and dendritic structures, are being explored for their potential in dental composites. These materials offer advantages such as antibacterial properties, remineralization capabilities, and enhanced mechanical strength. Several techniques, including wet precipitation, sol-gel, multiple emulsion, biomimetic deposition, hydrothermal, and electrodeposition, are employed in the synthesis and processing of nanocomposites. Each method offers unique advantages in terms of scalability, cost-effectiveness, and control over material properties. In conclusion, nanoparticles in composites hold tremendous promise in revolutionizing dental restorative materials. By leveraging nanotechnology, researchers can develop materials with tailored properties to meet specific dental needs, ultimately improving patient outcomes and oral health. Ongoing research into antimicrobial mechanisms and fabrication techniques will further advance the field of dental nanocomposites.</p>","PeriodicalId":516842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics","volume":"28 6","pages":"498-504"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178550/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144478446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of operator-associated variability in thermal pulp sensibility tests: A simulation study using a custom-designed testing apparatus.","authors":"Manikandan Shenbagam, Faiz Akram, Morankar Rahul, Nitesh Tewari, Vijay Prakash Mathur, Biswarup Mukherjee","doi":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_164_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_164_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Thermal pulp sensibility tests are critical, cost-effective tools for assessing pulp vitality and guiding disease prognosis. However, their accuracy and efficacy are often compromised by subjective patient responses and operator variability. This study evaluated operator-associated variability for the performance of hot and cold pulp sensibility tests using a custom-designed testing apparatus.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 23 dentists performed heat and cold tests on the apparatus while thermal and temporal parameters were recorded. Key outcome measures included were tool heating/cooling time, heat dissipation time, tool temperature on tooth, maximum tooth temperature, and maximum tool temperature.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Metallic instrument (burnisher) used for heat testing exceeded temperatures of 400°C for both experienced (more than 5 years) and inexperienced operators. Heat application duration often surpassed 10 s, posing a risk. Conversely, cold testing using the Endo-Frost cold spray (-50°C) failed to attain sufficiently low temperatures to stimulate a pulpal response. Significant loss in tool temperature, particularly during cold tests, further compromised the efficacy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights considerable operator-induced variability in thermal pulp sensibility testing, with potential implications for diagnostic accuracy and patient safety. Study findings emphasize the necessity of standardized protocols to mitigate operator-related discrepancies and improve the diagnostic reliability.</p>","PeriodicalId":516842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics","volume":"28 6","pages":"588-594"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144478368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scanning electron microscopic evaluation of different concentrations of sodium gluconate and its time-dependent effects on radicular dentin.","authors":"Suvetha Balakrishnan, Vinoo Subramaniam Ramachandran, G Vinay Kumar, Sibi Swamy, S Surya, E Devipriya","doi":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_103_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_103_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acids (EDTA's) limitations have spurred the quest for alternative irrigants with effective chelation and minimal dentinal erosion.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The aim is to determine the ideal concentration and contact time of sodium gluconate by assessing its effectiveness in removing the smear layer and its impact on radicular dentin.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Eighty single-rooted mandibular premolars with a single canal were decoronated to a standardized length. Following chemo mechanical preparation, the teeth were randomly allocated into four groups based on the final irrigant: Group I: 17% EDTA, Group II: 15% sodium gluconate, Group III: 17% sodium gluconate, and Group IV: 20% sodium gluconate. Each group was further divided into two subgroups based on contact time (30 s and 1 min). Samples were longitudinally split for scanning electron microscope analysis at ×5000, and images were examined across the coronal, middle, and apical third to assess smear layer removal and dentinal erosion.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>Data were statistically analyzed using Student's <i>t</i>-test and analysis of variance with <i>post hoc</i> test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen percent sodium gluconate at both 30 s and 1 min demonstrated minimal dentinal erosion and showed comparable performance to 17% EDTA at 1 min, with no statistically significant difference.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Seventeen percent sodium gluconate at 30 s may be considered a promising alternative to 17% EDTA.</p>","PeriodicalId":516842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics","volume":"28 6","pages":"532-536"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144478448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of temperature of sodium hypochlorite on fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth - An <i>in vitro</i> study.","authors":"Namrata Agarwal, X Nagamaheshwari, Mamta Kaushik, E Soujanya, Neha Mehra, Alvin George","doi":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_176_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_176_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is commonly used in endodontics for its strong antimicrobial properties, with heating enhancing its reactivity and ability to dissolve organic matter. Cryo-treated hypochlorite, however, can help reduce postendodontic pain. The chemical composition and temperature of irrigants play a key role in influencing the tooth structure's physical properties, potentially affecting treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The study aims to evaluate the effect of various temperatures of NaOCl which is 60°C, 45°C, 25°C, and 2°C on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>After the selection of 40 single-rooted teeth, the decoronation, and chemomechanical preparation was done, and the teeth were randomly assigned into four groups (<i>n</i> = 10 in each group) based on the final temperature of NaOCl. Group I at 60°C, Group II at 45°C, Group III at 2°C, and Group IV (control) at 25°C. The teeth were then tested for fracture resistance using a universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>One-way ANOVA and <i>post hoc</i> Tukey's tests were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group II (45°C) exhibited significantly higher fracture resistance compared to all other groups (<i>P</i> < 0.001), followed by Group III (2°C) and Group IV (25°C), whereas Group I (60°C) demonstrated the lowest fracture resistance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>For optimal effectiveness, it is recommended to irrigate with NaOCl at a temperature of 45°C. This ensures enhanced antimicrobial activity. In addition, this temperature helps maintain the integrity of the endodontically treated teeth.</p>","PeriodicalId":516842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics","volume":"28 6","pages":"554-558"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144478449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heal and seal using injectable blood derivative: Case series.","authors":"Shubham Kingra, Munish Singla, Harleen Kaur, Saloni Gupta","doi":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_34_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_34_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Regenerative endodontic procedures initially proposed for dental pulp revascularisation in immature permanent tooth resulted in continued root development, increase thickness of dentinal wall and apical closure. Recently with increased knowledge, REP have been used to successfully treat mature permanent tooth with infected necrotic pulp and apical periodontitis. In present Case series two visit revascularisation procedure was performed by placing I-PRF in the root canals. A 3-mm plug of mineral trioxide aggregate was placed to seal the coronal orifice over semicoagulated blood. The access cavities were restored with composite resin. Followups of the treated cases was done using CBCT as measuring tool to evaluate the successful treatment outcome. There was evident reduction in size of lesion. Clinical signs and symptoms were absent in both cases at followup visits at different time intervals. The purpose of this series was to present the potential of using I-PRF as an alternative and promising treatment approach for management of mature teeth with chronic apical periodontitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":516842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics","volume":"28 5","pages":"491-495"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12129293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144218103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of three different methods of surface pretreatment on the depth of adhesive resin penetration in sandwich technique - An <i>in vitro</i> confocal laser scanning microscopy study.","authors":"Sanjeev Kunhappan, Vaibhav Kridutta, Shweta Ratre, Sandhiya Rajendran, Lija Tharakan James, Muskan Agrawal","doi":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_168_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_168_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sandwich technique combines the use of resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and composite to reduce polymerization shrinkage and postoperative sensitivity. Effective bonding relies on adhesive penetration inside RMGIC enhanced by surface pretreatments such as acid etching and lasers ensuring improved bond strength and longevity. The present study evaluated the depth of adhesive resin penetration into RMGIC using three surface pretreatment methods in sandwich technique analyzed through confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Class I cavity preparation was done in 30 extracted maxillary premolars. RMGIC was applied and samples were categorized into three groups: Group 1 (control group, no pretreatment), Group 2 (etching was with 37% phosphoric acid for 15 s), and Group 3 (treated with erbium, chromium-doped yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet laser). Rhodamine B dye was mixed with adhesive resin and applied over RMGIC followed by composite restoration. Samples were sectioned buccolingually and evaluated under CLSM. Data analysis was done using analysis of variance and Tukey's <i>post hoc</i> tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statistical analysis revealed significant differences among the three groups. The laser-treated group exhibited the greatest depth of penetration compared to the acid-etched and control groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Laser pretreatment significantly enhances adhesive penetration depth compared to acid etching or control suggesting its clinical efficacy in improving bond strength in the sandwich technique.</p>","PeriodicalId":516842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics","volume":"28 5","pages":"486-490"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12129295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144218047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of transforming growth factor-beta 1 release from dentin matrix with double antibiotic paste, probiotics, and simvastatin as intracanal medicaments: An <i>in vitro</i> study.","authors":"K Hanisha Reddy, G Prasanthi, B Devipriya, Duvvuri Lakshmi Malini, T Murali Mohan, Vishakha Agarwal","doi":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_131_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_131_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study evaluates the release of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) from root canal dentin on the application of double antibiotic paste (DAP), probiotics, and simvastatin as an intracanal medicament (ICM).</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>Forty-five extracted premolar teeth (<i>n</i> = 45) were collected and sectioned perpendicular to their long axis to obtain root segments 12 mm long. Access cavity preparation and biomechanical preparation were followed by irrigation with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Teeth were evenly distributed into three groups for different ICMs; Group A: DAP, Group B: Probiotics, Group C: Simvastatin. Samples were maintained at 37°C in 100% relative humidity for 7 days, and then the medicaments were removed with 20 mL of deionized water. TGF-β1 growth factor released was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis: </strong>For TGF-β1 release among groups, a one-way analysis of variance was conducted. Tukey's <i>post hoc</i> analysis was carried out for pairwise comparisons (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TGF-β1 release was highest for simvastatin (294.27 pg/ml) followed by probiotics (201 pg/ml) and DAP (112.11 pg/ml).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A statistically significant difference in TGF-β1 release was observed among the three test groups. Simvastatin and probiotics can effectively be used as an ICM in regenerative endodontics due to their potential to release high amounts of TGF-β1 from the dentin matrix.</p>","PeriodicalId":516842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics","volume":"28 5","pages":"456-461"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12129296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144218048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}