Economics & Sociology最新文献_第2页

Why are rural communities reluctant to adopt the standard version of SROI? 为什么农村社区不愿意采用标准版本的SROI?

Economics & Sociology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-3/7

Fuminobu Mizutani

{"title":"Why are rural communities reluctant to adopt the standard version of SROI?","authors":"Fuminobu Mizutani","doi":"10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-3/7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-3/7","url":null,"abstract":"Social Return on Investment (SROI) is an evaluation method that is often useful in assessing Not for Profit organizations (NFP). Its standard version has been widely adopted in the United Kingdom. However, there is a reluctance among East Asian rural communities to adopt standard SROI evaluation methods, even though they have been adopted for some NFPs in urban centers in the region in the past. NFPs in rural communities cannot bear the cost of sending representatives to meetings where drafts of potential regulations are discussed. However, the introduction of regulations for evaluating NFPs without representatives from rural communities could lead to the exclusion of pertinent voices key to the discussion. There are several reasons why the hands-on approach currently utilized by SROI evaluation methods appears unsuitable for rural communities. These communities are already aware of their aging populations and they have obligations to the welfare of their members that fall outside the scope of SROI. In addition to this, the main argument why rural communities are reluctant to adopt SROI methods is that it does not bring much benefit to these communities. However, discussing evaluation methods for NFPs could serve as a bridge with stakeholders in rural communities. Paradoxically, a nonstandard version of SROI that is calculated by those outside of NFPs may be a more suitable method for rural communities.","PeriodicalId":51663,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Innovations and international competitiveness: Country-level evidence 创新和国际竞争力:国家层面的证据

Economics & Sociology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-3/13

Ruzanna Tadevosyan

{"title":"Innovations and international competitiveness: Country-level evidence","authors":"Ruzanna Tadevosyan","doi":"10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-3/13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-3/13","url":null,"abstract":"The paper studies the interaction between innovations and international competitiveness and the main objective is to determine the potential impact of innovations on competitiveness and assess the extent of that impact. Therefore, the paper questions (a) whether innovations cause competitiveness, and (b) to what extent the innovations influence competitiveness. Based on the literature review, the export of goods and the number of patent applications (both per million people) are taken as proxies and chosen as indicators for measuring innovations and international competitiveness. Cross-country panel data analysis is performed for a sample of 67 countries over the period of 1993-2020. The selection of countries was based on the availability of data on all variables. The autoregressive model whose dependent variable is the export of goods and the independent variables are the number of patent applications, foreign direct investments, and the real effective exchange rate is estimated using the Random effect model. The results show that patents have a positive impact on export, though its extent is not so significant. The Granger causality test also confirms that patents cause increased export. The research results hold practical value for policymakers.","PeriodicalId":51663,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A new simple test to evaluate the efficiency of government spending 一个新的简单的测试来评估政府开支的效率

Economics & Sociology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-3/6

Jeyhun Abbasov

{"title":"A new simple test to evaluate the efficiency of government spending","authors":"Jeyhun Abbasov","doi":"10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-3/6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-3/6","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this study is to determine the conditions that enable optimal distribution of the government revenues between capital and current expenditures, one that would maximize the firms’ and households’ utility and provide the maximum impact of the government expenditures on economic growth rate. Research indicates that for such optimal distribution of the budget to be defined, the derivatives of output functions with respect to the government capital expenditure and the government current expenditure must be equal. The obtained theoretical results serve as a basis for a test that analyzes the efficiency of the allocation of government revenues between current and capital expenditure items. The test is based on intervals established at significance levels of 0.01-0.99. If the difference between the marginal value of the production function with respect to the government's current and capital expenditure falls into any of these established intervals, the distribution of government expenses in these two directions can be considered effective at the level of significance corresponding to that interval. Research results found that governments usually cannot efficiently allocate their revenues between capital and current expenditures.","PeriodicalId":51663,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of information in shaping sustainable human behaviour 信息在塑造可持续人类行为中的作用

Economics & Sociology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-3/11

Dalia Streimikiene, Asta Mikalauskiene, Ugne Macijauskaitė – Daunaraviciene

引用次数: 0

University-industry collaboration in R&D to reduce the informal economy and strengthen sustainable development 产学研合作，减少非正规经济，加强可持续发展

Economics & Sociology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-3/18

Anastasiia Samoilikova, Mariusz Kuryłowicz, Serhiy Lyeonov, László Vasa

{"title":"University-industry collaboration in R&D to reduce the informal economy and strengthen sustainable development","authors":"Anastasiia Samoilikova, Mariusz Kuryłowicz, Serhiy Lyeonov, László Vasa","doi":"10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-3/18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-3/18","url":null,"abstract":"University-industry collaboration in R&D has great potential as a partnership that promotes sustainable development. This article aims to confirm that university-industry collaboration in R&D contributes to reducing the size of informal economy and strengthening sustainable development. Correlation and causal analysis are applied to achieve this goal: Shapiro-Wilk test, Pearson’s and Spearman correlation methods, vector autoregression and Granger causality test are used on the basis of STATA software for a cross-country sample of 10 countries with the highest Sustainable Development Index over 2011-2018. Research results show that stronger university-industry R&D collaboration contributes to more robust sustainable development in 6 out of 10 sample countries and shrinking informal economy in 4 out of 10 countries. In turn, growth of the informal economy leads to a decrease in university-industry R&D collaboration in 5 out of 10 countries and inhibits sustainable development in 7 out of 10 countries. In conclusion, policymakers should transform the national policy and strategy to emphasize and strengthen R&D cooperation between the universities and the industry.","PeriodicalId":51663,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135686865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

COVID 19 mortality as a reflection of the quality of health in EU countries COVID - 19死亡率反映了欧盟国家的卫生质量

Economics & Sociology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-3/8

Beáta Stehlíková, Zuzana Vincúrová, Ivan Brezina, Ilona Švihlíková

{"title":"COVID 19 mortality as a reflection of the quality of health in EU countries","authors":"Beáta Stehlíková, Zuzana Vincúrová, Ivan Brezina, Ilona Švihlíková","doi":"10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-3/8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-3/8","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims to model the COVID-19 mortality in EU member states. It depends on chosen factors, determine the ranking of factors' importance and attempts for their reduction. Further objectives include identifying states with similar values of identified factors and their geographical concentration. This is exploratory research and is a quantitative research study according to the type of data used. Using the supervised machine learning random forest algorithm, we predict the number of COVID-19 deaths depending on analyzed factors. From 23 factors, we choose the seven most important factors. This selection is based on the highest value, Inc Node Purity. The cluster analysis is used to create groups of states with similar values of chosen factors. Because of the nonuniform methodology of reported deaths, we use excess mortality to measure COVID-19 mortality. The most important factor influencing COVID-19 mortality is the death rate due to circulatory system diseases. The second most significant factor is the avoidable mortality. The third most relevant factor is GDP per capita in purchasing power parity. Similar values of analyzed factors can be found in Bulgaria, Romania, the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Lithuania, Hungary, Croatia, and Latvia. COVID-19 mortality in these countries is almost three times higher than in the rest of the EU. Decision-makers could use the gained findings to decrease inequalities in the field of healthcare, mostly through efficient interventions in public healthcare and primary prevention. The results demonstrate that more investment in promoting health in the future will be necessary in the cohesion policy framework.","PeriodicalId":51663,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Financial literacy and retirement planning in Mexico 墨西哥的金融知识和退休计划

Economics & Sociology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-3/4

Sergio Hernández-Mejía, Elena Moreno-García

引用次数: 0

Home-based telework: aspects of communication. Evidence from Hungary 基于家庭的远程办公:沟通的各个方面。来自匈牙利的证据

Economics & Sociology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-3/10

Márta Konczos Szombathelyi, Ágnes Borgulya, Gábor Balogh

引用次数: 0

Gender gap decomposition in employment rate of young people 青年就业率的性别差距分解

Economics & Sociology Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-1/5

M. Consuelo Colom Andrés, M. Cruz Molés Machí

引用次数: 0

Incarceration experience at older ages. Does employment protect against recidivism? 老年人的监禁经历。雇佣能防止再犯吗?

Economics & Sociology Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-1/1

Piotr Błędowski, Joanna Felczak, Ewa Gałecka-Burdziak, Marek Góra

引用次数: 0