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The problem of low expectations and the principled politician 低期望问题与有原则的政治家
IF 1.2 2区 哲学
Economics and Philosophy Pub Date : 2022-04-29 DOI: 10.1017/S0266267122000037
Sam Schmitt
{"title":"The problem of low expectations and the principled politician","authors":"Sam Schmitt","doi":"10.1017/S0266267122000037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266267122000037","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nobel laureate James Buchanan downplays any theory of ethical politicians, focusing instead on rules which economize personal restraint, setting lower moral expectations. Through a constructive critique of James Buchanan’s work, I argue these lowered expectations come at a cost: degraded character in politicians, leading to constitutional decay. Buchanan lacks a theory to address choices between (a) action which furthers the politician’s self-interest and (b) action which protects some already accepted, good rule, but which does not further their self-interest. I generate a theory of the Principled Politician, an agent characterized by a prior commitment to fair play.","PeriodicalId":51643,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Philosophy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46448024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Which choices merit deference? A comparison of three behavioural proxies of subjective welfare 哪些选择值得尊重?主观福利的三个行为代理的比较
IF 1.2 2区 哲学
Economics and Philosophy Pub Date : 2022-04-11 DOI: 10.1017/S0266267121000365
João V. Ferreira
{"title":"Which choices merit deference? A comparison of three behavioural proxies of subjective welfare","authors":"João V. Ferreira","doi":"10.1017/S0266267121000365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266267121000365","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recently several authors have proposed proxies of welfare that equate some (as opposed to all) choices with welfare. In this paper, I first distinguish between two prominent proxies: one based on context-independent choices and the other based on reason-based choices. I then propose an original proxy based on choices that individuals state they would want themselves to repeat at the time of the welfare/policy evaluation (confirmed choices). I articulate three complementary arguments that, I claim, support confirmed choices as a more reliable proxy of welfare than context-independent and reason-based choices. Finally, I discuss the implications of these arguments for nudges and boosts.","PeriodicalId":51643,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Philosophy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41299453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The marketplace of rationalizations 合理化的市场
IF 1.2 2区 哲学
Economics and Philosophy Pub Date : 2022-03-03 DOI: 10.1017/S0266267121000389
Daniel Williams
{"title":"The marketplace of rationalizations","authors":"Daniel Williams","doi":"10.1017/S0266267121000389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266267121000389","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recent work in economics has rediscovered the importance of belief-based utility for understanding human behaviour. Belief ‘choice’ is subject to an important constraint, however: people can only bring themselves to believe things for which they can find rationalizations. When preferences for similar beliefs are widespread, this constraint generates rationalization markets, social structures in which agents compete to produce rationalizations in exchange for money and social rewards. I explore the nature of such markets, I draw on political media to illustrate their characteristics and behaviour, and I highlight their implications for understanding motivated cognition and misinformation.","PeriodicalId":51643,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Philosophy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46236578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Welfare Theory, Public Action, and Ethical Values: Revisiting the History of Welfare Economics, Roger E. Backhouse, Antoinette Baujard and Tamotsu Nishizawa (Eds). Cambridge University Press, 2021, ix + 338 pages. 《福利理论、公共行动与伦理价值:回顾福利经济学的历史》，Roger E. Backhouse、Antoinette Baujard、Tamotsu Nishizawa主编。剑桥大学出版社，2021年，9 + 338页。
IF 1.2 2区 哲学
Economics and Philosophy Pub Date : 2022-02-28 DOI: 10.1017/S0266267121000377
Cyril Hédoin
{"title":"Welfare Theory, Public Action, and Ethical Values: Revisiting the History of Welfare Economics, Roger E. Backhouse, Antoinette Baujard and Tamotsu Nishizawa (Eds). Cambridge University Press, 2021, ix + 338 pages.","authors":"Cyril Hédoin","doi":"10.1017/S0266267121000377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266267121000377","url":null,"abstract":"Fay Niker is Lecturer of Philosophy at the University of Stirling, Scotland, and was previously a postdoctoral fellow at the Center for Ethics in Society at Stanford University. Her main research interests lie in social and political philosophy and practical ethics. Within this, Fay’s current research focuses on the ethics of influence broadly understood, including topics such as attention, autonomy, nudging, paternalism and trust. She is also the editor of Political Philosophy in a Pandemic: Routes to a More Just Future (Bloomsbury 2021) and Justice Everywhere, a collaborative blog about philosophy in public affairs. URL: https://www.stir.ac.uk/people/1422403.","PeriodicalId":51643,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Philosophy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56914457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
EAP volume 38 issue 1 Cover and Back matter EAP第38卷第1期封面和封底
IF 1.2 2区 哲学
Economics and Philosophy Pub Date : 2022-02-09 DOI: 10.1017/s0266267122000025
{"title":"EAP volume 38 issue 1 Cover and Back matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0266267122000025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0266267122000025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51643,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Philosophy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46302213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
EAP volume 38 issue 1 Cover and Front matter EAP第38卷第1期封面和封面
IF 1.2 2区 哲学
Economics and Philosophy Pub Date : 2022-02-09 DOI: 10.1017/s0266267122000013
{"title":"EAP volume 38 issue 1 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0266267122000013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0266267122000013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51643,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Philosophy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41741441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Calibration dilemmas in the ethics of distribution 分配伦理中的校准困境
IF 1.2 2区 哲学
Economics and Philosophy Pub Date : 2022-02-09 DOI: 10.1017/S0266267121000298
Jacob M. Nebel, H. Stefánsson
{"title":"Calibration dilemmas in the ethics of distribution","authors":"Jacob M. Nebel, H. Stefánsson","doi":"10.1017/S0266267121000298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266267121000298","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents a new kind of problem in the ethics of distribution. The problem takes the form of several ‘calibration dilemmas’, in which intuitively reasonable aversion to small-stakes inequalities requires leading theories of distribution to recommend intuitively unreasonable aversion to large-stakes inequalities. We first lay out a series of such dilemmas for prioritarian theories. We then consider a widely endorsed family of egalitarian views and show that they are subject to even more forceful calibration dilemmas than prioritarian theories. Finally, we show that our results challenge common utilitarian accounts of the badness of inequalities in resources.","PeriodicalId":51643,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Philosophy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41938378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Comparing Rubin and Pearl’s causal modelling frameworks: a commentary on Markus (2021) 比较鲁宾和珀尔的因果模型框架：Markus评论（2021）
IF 1.2 2区 哲学
Economics and Philosophy Pub Date : 2022-02-04 DOI: 10.1017/s0266267121000353
Naftali Weinberger
{"title":"Comparing Rubin and Pearl’s causal modelling frameworks: a commentary on Markus (2021)","authors":"Naftali Weinberger","doi":"10.1017/s0266267121000353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0266267121000353","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Markus (2021) argues that the causal modelling frameworks of Pearl and Rubin are not ‘strongly equivalent’, in the sense of saying ‘the same thing in different ways’. Here I rebut Markus’ arguments against strong equivalence. The differences between the frameworks are best illuminated not by appeal to their causal semantics, but rather reflect pragmatic modelling choices.","PeriodicalId":51643,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Philosophy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43009814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
A new puzzle in the social evaluation of risk 风险社会评价中的一个新难题
IF 1.2 2区 哲学
Economics and Philosophy Pub Date : 2022-02-02 DOI: 10.1017/S0266267121000225
M. Fleurbaey, Stéphane Zuber
{"title":"A new puzzle in the social evaluation of risk","authors":"M. Fleurbaey, Stéphane Zuber","doi":"10.1017/S0266267121000225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266267121000225","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We highlight a new paradox for the social evaluation of risk that bears on the evaluation of individual well-being rather than social welfare, but has serious implications for social evaluation. The paradox consists in a tension between rationality, respect for individual preferences, and a principle of informational parsimony that excludes individual risk attitudes from the assessment of riskless situations. No evaluation criterion can satisfy these three principles. This impossibility result has implications for the evaluation of social welfare under risk, especially when the preferences of some individuals are not known. It generalizes existing impossibility results, while relying on very weak principles of social rationality and respect for individual preferences. We explore the possibilities opened by weakening each of our three principles and discuss the advantages and drawbacks of these different routes.","PeriodicalId":51643,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Philosophy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42282260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The metaethical dilemma of epistemic democracy 认识民主的元伦理困境
IF 1.2 2区 哲学
Economics and Philosophy Pub Date : 2021-12-27 DOI: 10.1017/S0266267121000328
Christoph Schamberger
{"title":"The metaethical dilemma of epistemic democracy","authors":"Christoph Schamberger","doi":"10.1017/S0266267121000328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266267121000328","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Epistemic democracy aims to show, often by appeal to the Condorcet Jury Theorem, that democracy has a high chance of reaching correct decisions. It has been argued that epistemic democracy is compatible with various metaethical accounts, such as moral realism, conventionalism and majoritarianism. This paper casts doubt on that thesis and reveals the following metaethical dilemma: if we adopt moral realism, it is doubtful that voters are, on average, more than 0.5 likely to track moral facts and identify the correct alternative. By contrast, if we adopt conventionalism or majoritarianism, we cannot expect that voters are both competent and sincere. Either way, the conditions for the application of Condorcet’s theorem are not met.","PeriodicalId":51643,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Philosophy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46983259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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