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The role of the concentration camps in the Nazi repression of prostitutes, 1933-9. 集中营在纳粹镇压妓女中的作用，1933-9年。
IF 0.7 2区 历史学
Journal of Contemporary History Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/0022009410366705
Victoria Harris
{"title":"The role of the concentration camps in the Nazi repression of prostitutes, 1933-9.","authors":"Victoria Harris","doi":"10.1177/0022009410366705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022009410366705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article uses prostitutes as a case study in order to investigate the role of the early concentration camps as centres of detention for social deviants. In contrasting the intensification of repressive policies towards prostitutes against narratives which demonstrate the unexpectedly lax treatment of these women, it explores what the reasons behind these contradictions might have been, and what this demonstrates about the development of these institutions. It asks the following questions. How and why were prostitutes interned? Which bureaucrats were responsible for incarcerating these women and what did they view the role of the camp to be? Were such policies centrally directed or the product of local decision-making? Through asking these questions, the article explores to what extent these camps were unique as mechanisms for the repression and marginalization of prostitutes.</p>","PeriodicalId":51640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0022009410366705","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40074135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Suicide in Nazi concentration camps, 1933-9. 纳粹集中营里的自杀事件，1933-9年。
IF 0.7 2区 历史学
Journal of Contemporary History Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/0022009410366558
Christian Goeschel
{"title":"Suicide in Nazi concentration camps, 1933-9.","authors":"Christian Goeschel","doi":"10.1177/0022009410366558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022009410366558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Too often histories of the concentration camps tend to be ignorant of the wider political context of nazi repression and control. This article tries to overcome this problem. Combining legal, social and political history, it contributes to a more thorough understanding of the changing relationship between the camps as places of extra-legal terror and the judiciary, between nazi terror and the law. It argues that the conflict between the judiciary and the SS was not a conflict between \"good\" and \"evil,\" as existing accounts claim. Rather, it was a power struggle for jurisdiction over the camps. Concentration camp authorities covered up the murders of prisoners as suicides to prevent judicial investigations. This article also looks at actual suicides in the pre-war camps, to highlight individual inmates' reactions to life within the camps. The article concludes that the history of the concentration camps needs to be firmly integrated into the history of nazi terror and the Third Reich.</p>","PeriodicalId":51640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0022009410366558","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40074134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Cultural behaviour and the invention of traditions: music and musical practices in the early concentration camps, 1933-6/7. 文化行为和传统的发明:早期集中营的音乐和音乐实践，1933年6月7日。
IF 0.7 2区 历史学
Journal of Contemporary History Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/0022009410366704
Guido Fackler
{"title":"Cultural behaviour and the invention of traditions: music and musical practices in the early concentration camps, 1933-6/7.","authors":"Guido Fackler","doi":"10.1177/0022009410366704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022009410366704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article investigates music in the concentration camps before the second world war. For the camp authorities, ordering prisoners to sing songs or play in orchestras was an instrument of domination. But for the prisoners, music could also be an expression of solidarity and survival: inmates could retain a degree of their own agency in the pre-war camps, despite the often unbearable living conditions and harsh treatment by guards. The present article emphasizes this ambiguity of music in the early camps. It illustrates the emergence of musical traditions in the pre-war camps which came to have a significant impact on everyday life in the camps. It helps to overcome the view that concentration camp prisoners were simply passive victims.</p>","PeriodicalId":51640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0022009410366704","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40074133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
"A prey on normal people": C. Killick Millard and the euthanasia movement in Great Britain, 1930-55. “对正常人的掠夺”:C.基利克·米勒德和英国的安乐死运动，1930-55。
IF 0.7 2区 历史学
Journal of Contemporary History Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/002200940103600103
I Dowbiggin
{"title":"\"A prey on normal people\": C. Killick Millard and the euthanasia movement in Great Britain, 1930-55.","authors":"I Dowbiggin","doi":"10.1177/002200940103600103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002200940103600103","url":null,"abstract":"Few issues in medicine and society today are more controversial than euthanasia, the term derived from the Greek word for ‘easy death’ and often called ‘mercy-killing’. Current debates raise questions about the past and what euthanasia has meant to earlier generations. The most infamous example of a state euthanasia programme occurred between 1939 and 1945 in nazi Germany when thousands of handicapped men, women and children were murdered. But little is known about the history of Anglo-American euthanasia. This article, based on an examination of documents from a variety of archival collections in England and the USA, explores the early history of the unsuccessful movement to legalize euthanasia in Great Britain, as embodied in the Voluntary Euthanasia Legislation Society (VELS). By focusing on the career of C. Killick Millard (1870–1952), the founder of the VELS, this article argues that although the VELS tried to convince the public that it sought the legalization of only mercy-killing with consent, there was a tendency within the VELS to obscure the distinctions between voluntary and involuntary euthanasia. There is even some evidence of VELS sympathy for nazi euthanasia. At the same time, VELS members also tended to be involved in the eugenics, birth control and public health movements or belong to liberal religious groups like the Unitarians, or they were physicians radicalized by the experience of watching patients die in protracted agony. It is this complex constellation of motives — some murky and some indisputably humane — that warrants attention nowadays, at a time when courts and legislatures are being asked to rule on such literally life and death issues.","PeriodicalId":51640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/002200940103600103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27116671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Starting from your own past? the serious business of leisure history. 从你自己的过去开始?休闲历史的严肃事务。
IF 0.7 2区 历史学
Journal of Contemporary History Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/002200940103600307
J Lowerson
{"title":"Starting from your own past? the serious business of leisure history.","authors":"J Lowerson","doi":"10.1177/002200940103600307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002200940103600307","url":null,"abstract":"Cindy S. Aron, Working at Play: A History of Vacations in the United States, New York, Oxford University Press, 1999; 324 pp.; ISBN 0-19-505584-5 Lena Lencek and Gideon Bosker, The Beach: The History of Paradise on Earth, London, Pimlico, 1999; 310 pp.; ISBN 0-7126-6596-X Thomas A.P. van Leeuwen, The Springboard in the Pond: An Intimate History of the Swimming Pool, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, 1999; 321 pp.; ISBN 0262-22059-8 Terry Staples, All Pals Together: The Story of Children’s Cinema, Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 1997; 254 pp.; ISBN 0-7486-0718-8 David Seed, American Science Fiction and the Cold War: Literature and Film, Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 1999; 216 pp.; ISBN 1-85331-227-4 Mike Huggins, Flat Racing and British Society, 1790-1914: A Social and Economic History, London, Frank Cass, 2000; 270 pp., ISBN 0-7146-4982-1 Lucy Rollin, Twentieth-Century Teen Cultures by the Decades: A Reference Guide, Westport, CT, Greenwood Press, 1999; 396 pp., ISBN 0-313-30223-5 John Burnett, Liquid Pleasures: A Social History of Drinks in Modern Britain, London, Routledge, 1999; 254 pp.; ISBN 0-415-13182-0 Steven M. Gelber, Hobbies: Leisure and the Culture of Work in Modern America, New York, Columbia University Press, 1999; 374 pp.; ISBN 0-23111393-5","PeriodicalId":51640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/002200940103600307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26820491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Fateful memories: industrialized war and traumatic neuroses. 致命的记忆:工业化战争和创伤性神经症。
IF 0.7 2区 历史学
Journal of Contemporary History Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/002200940003500108
E Leed
{"title":"Fateful memories: industrialized war and traumatic neuroses.","authors":"E Leed","doi":"10.1177/002200940003500108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002200940003500108","url":null,"abstract":"This article sees the neuroses produced by twentieth-century wars as a kind of pathological historical determinism, in which an experience of war erodes participants’ ability to forget it and the traumatic past begins to govern the subsequent thinking and behaviour of survivors. Past events become determining through the way in which they are repressed and recovered, in so far as they are made into images and ideas which become the form of fears, recognitions and judgments. We may see how the past becomes a determining idea in the case histories of shell-shock victims and more largely in the way the 1914–18 war was forgotten and buried in the 1920s, and resurrected and published in the 1930s. The first world war caused the second in so far as it generated a new idea of total war and loss, a new image of massive collective injury which continued to specify the deepest fears of the postwar generations, governing our expectations and avoidances.","PeriodicalId":51640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/002200940003500108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27357919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 20
Death and dying: old themes and new directions. 死亡与临终:老主题与新方向。
IF 0.7 2区 历史学
Journal of Contemporary History Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/002200940003500310
J M Strange
{"title":"Death and dying: old themes and new directions.","authors":"J M Strange","doi":"10.1177/002200940003500310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002200940003500310","url":null,"abstract":"Jonathan Dollimore, Death, Desire and Loss in Western Culture, London, Allen Lane, 1998; pp. xxxii + 384; ISBN 0-713-99125-9 Pat Jalland, Death in the Victorian Family, New York, Oxford University Press, 1996; pp. xii + 464; ISBN 0-19-820188-5 Jessica Mitford, The American Way of Death Revisited, London, Virago, 1998; pp. xix + 212; ISBN 1-86049-588-5 Christine Quigley, Modern Mummies: The Preservation of the Human Body in the Twentieth Century, North Carolina and London, McFarland & Company, 1998; pp. vii + 263; ISBN 0-7864-0492-2","PeriodicalId":51640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/002200940003500310","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26908367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Health, medicine and social policy: the rise of the longer twentieth century? 健康、医学和社会政策:20世纪的崛起?
IF 0.7 2区 历史学
Journal of Contemporary History Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/002200940003500409
V Berridge
{"title":"Health, medicine and social policy: the rise of the longer twentieth century?","authors":"V Berridge","doi":"10.1177/002200940003500409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002200940003500409","url":null,"abstract":"Roger Cooter, Mark Harrison and Steve Sturdy (eds), War, Medicine and Modernity, Stroud, Sutton Publishing, 1998; pp. vi + 258; ISBN 0-7509-18012 (hbk) Harry Hendrick, Children, Childhood and English Society, 1880–1990, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1997; pp. vi + 114; ISBN 0-521-57253-3 (hbk) John Macnicol, The Politics of Retirement in Britain, 1878–1948, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1998; pp. ix + 425; ISBN 0-521-62273-5 Rodney Lowe, The Welfare State in Britain since 1945, Basingstoke, Macmillan, 1999, 2nd edn; pp. xi + 406; ISBN 0-312-21633-5 Dorothy Porter, Health, Civilization and the State. A History of Public Health from Ancient to Modern Times, London, Routledge, 1999; pp. vi + 376; ISBN 0-415-12244-9 (hbk); 0-415-20036-9 (pbk) Thomas Scharf, Ageing and Ageing Policy in Germany, Oxford, Berg, 1998; pp. xviii + 218; ISBN 1-85973-191-0","PeriodicalId":51640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/002200940003500409","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27808419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The collective mind: trauma and shell-shock in twentieth-century Russia. 集体思想:20世纪俄罗斯的创伤与炮弹休克。
IF 0.7 2区 历史学
Journal of Contemporary History Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/002200940003500105
C Merridale
{"title":"The collective mind: trauma and shell-shock in twentieth-century Russia.","authors":"C Merridale","doi":"10.1177/002200940003500105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002200940003500105","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with the treatment and wider understanding of shell-shock and trauma in modern Russia. At the beginning of the twentieth century, when psychiatrists in many European countries were beginning to think about the issue of shell-shock, Russian psychiatrists took part in the general debate. After the Bolshevik revolution, however, the Russian psychiatric profession became isolated and heavily ideologized, and the treatment of all forms of trauma within the Soviet Union developed along specific lines. At the social level, trauma disappeared as an issue. The idea of a damaged ego was not a central consideration in Soviet psychological thinking. People survived by working, and by reference to the collective, rather than to individual consciousness. Trauma, in its modern form of PTSD, only re-emerged in Soviet psychological discourse as a result of contact between veterans of the Soviet Union's war in Afghanistan and American veterans of Vietnam. Despite the Soviet Union's anguished history, the concept of trauma is still largely ignored by the population as a whole.","PeriodicalId":51640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/002200940003500105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27357917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
Science as cultural practice: psychiatry in the First World War and Weimar Germany. 作为文化实践的科学:第一次世界大战和魏玛德国的精神病学。
IF 0.7 2区 历史学
Journal of Contemporary History Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/002200949903400107
D Kaufmann
{"title":"Science as cultural practice: psychiatry in the First World War and Weimar Germany.","authors":"D Kaufmann","doi":"10.1177/002200949903400107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002200949903400107","url":null,"abstract":"Indeed, according to the statistics of the German Army Medical Service’s official report for the years 1914–1918, some 613,047 members of the field and reserve armies were treated in military hospitals for ‘diseases of the nervous system’. These ‘war hysterics’, ‘tremblers’, ‘traumatic or shellshock neurotics’, known to contemporary medical parlance largely as ‘war neurotics’, have only recently attracted the attention of cultural history. The topic forms part of current historical research into everyday life and mentalites during the first world war, and raises questions about the connection between social and psychic change. The problem of destructive transformation of the personality of first world war combatants and its effects on the history of the interwar period was first investigated by Klaus Theweleit in Journal of Contemporary History Copyright © 1999 SAGE Publications, London, Thousand Oaks, CA and New Delhi, Vol 34(1), 125–144. [0022-0094(199901)34:1;125–144;006897]","PeriodicalId":51640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/002200949903400107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30193161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 41
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