Journal of Contemporary History最新文献_第5页

Democratic Planning and its Pitfalls: E. H. Carr, Harold B. Butler, and the Interwar Crisis 民主计划及其陷阱:e·h·卡尔、哈罗德·b·巴特勒和两次世界大战之间的危机

2区历史学

Journal of Contemporary History Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.1177/00220094231199878

Tommaso Milani

引用次数: 0

A Reappraisal of the Origins of European Integration: From Wartime Planning to the Schuman Plan 重新评价欧洲一体化的起源:从战时计划到舒曼计划

2区历史学

Journal of Contemporary History Pub Date : 2023-09-16 DOI: 10.1177/00220094231200453

Enrico Ciappi

{"title":"A Reappraisal of the Origins of European Integration: From Wartime Planning to the Schuman Plan","authors":"Enrico Ciappi","doi":"10.1177/00220094231200453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220094231200453","url":null,"abstract":"Thanks to its innovative supranational features, the European Coal and Steel Community is widely recognized as the cornerstone of the European integration process. This article offers an alternative history of the European Coal and Steel Community's origins by highlighting the role of transnational expertise and public diplomacy. More precisely, this study seeks to demonstrate that the policies carried out by Jean Monnet, the mastermind of European Coal and Steel Community's blueprint, originated from the plans elaborated by the New York-based think tank Council on Foreign Relations. While advising the Roosevelt and Truman administrations, the Council on Foreign Relations formed a policy network with European policymakers sharing similar political values and goals. Although the interactions between these figures have never been studied, new findings reveal that the Council on Foreign Relations–Monnet partnership proved instrumental in improving inter-Allied coordination, managing postwar recovery and framing the idea of European unity. Eventually, the Council on Foreign Relations helped Monnet to define, adjust and promote the European Coal and Steel Community Treaty draft. In this perspective, the foundation of the first European institution derived from a long-term strategic design rooted in wartime planning and transatlantic diplomatic exchanges.","PeriodicalId":51640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135307120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Burden of Proof: The Debate Surrounding Aerotoxic Syndrome. 举证责任:围绕空气中毒综合症的争论。

IF 0.7 2区历史学

Journal of Contemporary History Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.1177/00220094221074819

Stephen E Mawdsley

{"title":"Burden of Proof: The Debate Surrounding Aerotoxic Syndrome.","authors":"Stephen E Mawdsley","doi":"10.1177/00220094221074819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220094221074819","url":null,"abstract":"Since the 1980s, some commercial airline pilots and flight crews in the United States, United Kingdom and Australia began to report an illness they believed was caused by exposure to contaminated cabin air. Despite a body of scientific research and health activism calling for this condition, termed Aerotoxic Syndrome (AS), to be classified an occupational illness, it has not been accepted as a clinical entity because its causation remains contested. This article contends that debates over the recognition of AS have been shaped by the politics of science and what can be considered evidence of a causal link; the burden of proof lay with survivors and their allies rather than with airlines and manufacturers. The history of AS shows the challenges of reacting to health risks in a global industry that provides an important form of transportation, and enjoys considerable political and economic influence. It also reveals that at the heart of commercial jet air travel remains an unresolved public health issue, and those who claim to be suffering from AS expected prompt recognition, reform and assistance in light of scientific research and personal testimony, as well as a range of chemical, medical, legal and air safety reports.","PeriodicalId":51640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9452852/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33459951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Richard Evans, Eric Hobsbawm: A Life in History 理查德-埃文斯，埃里克-霍布斯鲍姆：历史中的人生

IF 0.7 2区历史学

Journal of Contemporary History Pub Date : 2020-05-19 DOI: 10.1177/0022009420921295

A. Burton

引用次数: 0

'Embarrassing the State': The 'Ordinary' Prisoner Rights Movement in Ireland, 1972-6. “使国家难堪”:1972-6年爱尔兰“普通”囚犯权利运动。

IF 0.7 2区历史学

Journal of Contemporary History Pub Date : 2020-04-01 Epub Date: 2019-08-28 DOI: 10.1177/0022009419863846

Oisín Wall

{"title":"'Embarrassing the State': The 'Ordinary' Prisoner Rights Movement in Ireland, 1972-6.","authors":"Oisín Wall","doi":"10.1177/0022009419863846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022009419863846","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the early years of the campaign for 'ordinary', not politically-aligned, prisoners' rights in Ireland. It argues that this campaign has often been overshadowed by the activities of 'political prisoners', who only constituted a small minority of prisoners in the period. The article follows the development and changing tactics of the ordinary prisoners' movement, through the rise and fall of the Prisoners' Union (PU) (1972-3) and into the early years of the Prisoners' Rights Organisation (PRO) (1973-6), which would become the longest-lasting and most vocal penal reform organisation in Ireland, until the formation of the Irish Penal Reform Trust in 1994. It argues that the movement constantly adapted its tactics to address emerging issues and opportunities. Ultimately, it contends that by 1976 the PRO was an increasingly legitimate voice in Ireland's public discourse on prisons. It shows that, although the campaign did not achieve any major penal reforms in this period, it had a significant impact on public debates about prisons, prisoners' mental health, the failures of the penal system, and prisoners' entitlement to human rights.","PeriodicalId":51640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0022009419863846","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37873884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Science, Medicine and the Creation of a 'Healthy' Soviet Cinema. 科学、医学和“健康”苏联电影的创造。

IF 0.7 2区历史学

Journal of Contemporary History Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2019-03-27 DOI: 10.1177/0022009418820111

Anna Toropova

{"title":"Science, Medicine and the Creation of a 'Healthy' Soviet Cinema.","authors":"Anna Toropova","doi":"10.1177/0022009418820111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022009418820111","url":null,"abstract":"Cinema had long been hailed by Bolshevik party leaders as a crucial ally of the Soviet mass enlightenment project. By the mid-1920s, however, Soviet psychologists, educators and practitioners of 'child science' (pedology) were pointing to the grave effects that the consumption of commercial cinema was exerting on the physical, mental and moral health of Soviet young people. Diagnosing an epidemic of 'film mania', specialists battled to curtail the NEP-era practices of film production and demonstration that had rendered cinema 'toxic' to children. Campaigns to 'healthify' Soviet cinema, first manifesting in the organization of child-friendly screenings and forms of 'cultural enlightenment work', soon extended to attempts to develop a new children's film repertoire based on the results of psycho-physiological viewer studies. A vast variety of pedological research institutions established during the late 1920s and early 1930s began to experimentally test cinema's effects on children with the view of assisting the production of films that could cultivate a sound mind and body. Tracing a link between the findings of pedological viewer studies and the 'healthy' cinema championed in the 1930s, this article sheds light on the vital role played by medical and scientific expertise in shaping Stalinist culture.","PeriodicalId":51640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0022009418820111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37681332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Cultures of Victory and the Political Consequences of Foundational Legitimacy in Croatia and Kosovo. 胜利的文化和基本合法性在克罗地亚和科索沃的政治后果。

IF 0.7 2区历史学

Journal of Contemporary History Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/0022009419838045

Mieczysław P Boduszyński, Vjeran Pavlaković

{"title":"Cultures of Victory and the Political Consequences of Foundational Legitimacy in Croatia and Kosovo.","authors":"Mieczysław P Boduszyński, Vjeran Pavlaković","doi":"10.1177/0022009419838045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022009419838045","url":null,"abstract":"What are the consequences of a culture of victory in countries undergoing new state formation and democratic transition? In this article, we examine 'foundational legitimacy,' or a hegemonic narrative about the way in which a new state was created, and the role particular groups played in its creation. We argue that the way in which victory is institutionalized can pose a grave threat to the democratic project. If reconciliation and democratization depend of integrating losers into the new order and recognizing plural narratives of state formation, then exclusivist narratives based on foundational legitimacy pose a direct challenge to both. We focus on two Yugoslav successor states, Kosovo and Croatia. For both cases, we trace how appeals to 'foundational legitimacy' by groups that claim a leading role in the struggle for independence fostered a politics of exclusion, which ran counter to both the spirit of democracy. In Croatia, foundational legitimacy was partly challenged after 2000 by reformist political forces, though more recently it has re-appeared in political life. In Kosovo, foundational legitimacy was never successfully challenged and continues to shape political dynamics to the present day.","PeriodicalId":51640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0022009419838045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39202965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Maternalism, race, class and citizenship: aspects of illegitimate motherhood in Nazi Germany. 母性主义、种族、阶级和公民身份:纳粹德国非法母性的各个方面。

IF 0.7 2区历史学

Journal of Contemporary History Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/0022009411413409

Vandana Joshi

引用次数: 5

Parents and children in Second World War Germany: an inter-generational perspective on wartime separation. 第二次世界大战德国的父母和孩子:战时分离的代际视角。

IF 0.7 2区历史学

Journal of Contemporary History Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/0022009410392410

Hester Vaizey

引用次数: 2

Cementing the enemy category: arrest and imprisonment of German Jews in Nazi concentration camps, 1933-8/9. 巩固敌人类别:纳粹集中营逮捕和监禁德国犹太人，1933年8月9日。

IF 0.7 2区历史学

Journal of Contemporary History Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/0022009410366556

Kim Wünschmann

引用次数: 4