Journal of Contemporary History最新文献

{"title":"Fateful memories: industrialized war and traumatic neuroses.","authors":"E Leed","doi":"10.1177/002200940003500108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002200940003500108","url":null,"abstract":"This article sees the neuroses produced by twentieth-century wars as a kind of pathological historical determinism, in which an experience of war erodes participants’ ability to forget it and the traumatic past begins to govern the subsequent thinking and behaviour of survivors. Past events become determining through the way in which they are repressed and recovered, in so far as they are made into images and ideas which become the form of fears, recognitions and judgments. We may see how the past becomes a determining idea in the case histories of shell-shock victims and more largely in the way the 1914–18 war was forgotten and buried in the 1920s, and resurrected and published in the 1930s. The first world war caused the second in so far as it generated a new idea of total war and loss, a new image of massive collective injury which continued to specify the deepest fears of the postwar generations, governing our expectations and avoidances.","PeriodicalId":51640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary History","volume":"35 1","pages":"85-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/002200940003500108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27357919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Death and dying: old themes and new directions.","authors":"J M Strange","doi":"10.1177/002200940003500310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002200940003500310","url":null,"abstract":"Jonathan Dollimore, Death, Desire and Loss in Western Culture, London, Allen Lane, 1998; pp. xxxii + 384; ISBN 0-713-99125-9 Pat Jalland, Death in the Victorian Family, New York, Oxford University Press, 1996; pp. xii + 464; ISBN 0-19-820188-5 Jessica Mitford, The American Way of Death Revisited, London, Virago, 1998; pp. xix + 212; ISBN 1-86049-588-5 Christine Quigley, Modern Mummies: The Preservation of the Human Body in the Twentieth Century, North Carolina and London, McFarland & Company, 1998; pp. vii + 263; ISBN 0-7864-0492-2","PeriodicalId":51640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary History","volume":"35 3","pages":"491-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/002200940003500310","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26908367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health, medicine and social policy: the rise of the longer twentieth century?","authors":"V Berridge","doi":"10.1177/002200940003500409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002200940003500409","url":null,"abstract":"Roger Cooter, Mark Harrison and Steve Sturdy (eds), War, Medicine and Modernity, Stroud, Sutton Publishing, 1998; pp. vi + 258; ISBN 0-7509-18012 (hbk) Harry Hendrick, Children, Childhood and English Society, 1880–1990, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1997; pp. vi + 114; ISBN 0-521-57253-3 (hbk) John Macnicol, The Politics of Retirement in Britain, 1878–1948, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1998; pp. ix + 425; ISBN 0-521-62273-5 Rodney Lowe, The Welfare State in Britain since 1945, Basingstoke, Macmillan, 1999, 2nd edn; pp. xi + 406; ISBN 0-312-21633-5 Dorothy Porter, Health, Civilization and the State. A History of Public Health from Ancient to Modern Times, London, Routledge, 1999; pp. vi + 376; ISBN 0-415-12244-9 (hbk); 0-415-20036-9 (pbk) Thomas Scharf, Ageing and Ageing Policy in Germany, Oxford, Berg, 1998; pp. xviii + 218; ISBN 1-85973-191-0","PeriodicalId":51640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary History","volume":"35 4","pages":"667-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/002200940003500409","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27808419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The collective mind: trauma and shell-shock in twentieth-century Russia.","authors":"C Merridale","doi":"10.1177/002200940003500105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002200940003500105","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with the treatment and wider understanding of shell-shock and trauma in modern Russia. At the beginning of the twentieth century, when psychiatrists in many European countries were beginning to think about the issue of shell-shock, Russian psychiatrists took part in the general debate. After the Bolshevik revolution, however, the Russian psychiatric profession became isolated and heavily ideologized, and the treatment of all forms of trauma within the Soviet Union developed along specific lines. At the social level, trauma disappeared as an issue. The idea of a damaged ego was not a central consideration in Soviet psychological thinking. People survived by working, and by reference to the collective, rather than to individual consciousness. Trauma, in its modern form of PTSD, only re-emerged in Soviet psychological discourse as a result of contact between veterans of the Soviet Union's war in Afghanistan and American veterans of Vietnam. Despite the Soviet Union's anguished history, the concept of trauma is still largely ignored by the population as a whole.","PeriodicalId":51640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary History","volume":"35 1","pages":"39-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/002200940003500105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27357917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Science as cultural practice: psychiatry in the First World War and Weimar Germany.","authors":"D Kaufmann","doi":"10.1177/002200949903400107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002200949903400107","url":null,"abstract":"Indeed, according to the statistics of the German Army Medical Service’s official report for the years 1914–1918, some 613,047 members of the field and reserve armies were treated in military hospitals for ‘diseases of the nervous system’. These ‘war hysterics’, ‘tremblers’, ‘traumatic or shellshock neurotics’, known to contemporary medical parlance largely as ‘war neurotics’, have only recently attracted the attention of cultural history. The topic forms part of current historical research into everyday life and mentalites during the first world war, and raises questions about the connection between social and psychic change. The problem of destructive transformation of the personality of first world war combatants and its effects on the history of the interwar period was first investigated by Klaus Theweleit in Journal of Contemporary History Copyright © 1999 SAGE Publications, London, Thousand Oaks, CA and New Delhi, Vol 34(1), 125–144. [0022-0094(199901)34:1;125–144;006897]","PeriodicalId":51640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary History","volume":"34 1","pages":"125-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/002200949903400107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30193161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remembering the dead in Northop: First World War memorials in a Welsh parish.","authors":"J Bartlett, K M Ellis","doi":"10.1177/002200949903400204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002200949903400204","url":null,"abstract":"The village of Northop, in the Flintshire parish of the same name, is dominated by the tower of its church. Just inside the tower door is a brass plaque, mounted to commemorate the dead of the first world war. It names 13 men from Northop itself, 16 from Soughton, a mile south, and 10 from Northop Hall, a community that grew up around the manor house of that name, two miles to the east of the parish church. The plaque, and the other memorials of the parish, were raised in the years immediately after the war, and were part of the remarkable wave of memorial construction that followed this particular conflict. Naturally, all the acts of remembrance had much in common, and much has been written about the general meaning and function of memorials. Winter, for example, emphasizes their role in helping the bereaved. They were places where people could mourn, and highly visible places, so that the suffering of the bereaved would be recognized. For a country the vast majority of whose dead lay in foreign graves, if they had graves at all, the memorials were a way in which those dead could come home. They were also a way in which loss could be expressed and perhaps in the end accepted. They were places where a meaning could be found for what had happened, to those who had gone and those who were left behind. It is also possible to approach a single memorial like that in Northop and ask more specific questions about what it means. It can even be argued that with memorials, it is the individual that matters most. The questions they raise may be universal, but the answers are singular, because a study of any memorial leads back not only to the names of the individuals that it records, but to the individuals who established it and decided on the form that it should take. We can also use a single example to look beyond the memorial to other ways in which memories were kept alive, and perhaps in this way see how the memorial, powerful symbol though it undoubtedly was, failed to satisfy some of those it was meant to serve: the bereaved. This article examines these points in the parish of Northop, a place where the establishment of the various memorials is unusually well-documented, and where evidence of different kinds — local, regional, official and private — is available. Journal of Contemporary History Copyright © 1999 SAGE Publications, London, Thousand Oaks, CA and New Delhi, Vol 34(2), 231–242. [0022-0094(199904)34:2;231–242;008010]","PeriodicalId":51640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary History","volume":"34 2","pages":"231-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/002200949903400204","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30193160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Himmler and the 'racially pure gypsies'.","authors":"G Lewy","doi":"10.1177/002200949903400202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002200949903400202","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary History","volume":"34 2","pages":"201-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/002200949903400202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30189393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}