Journal of Contemporary History最新文献

Dual Narratives of the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict in Court: Shaping the Perception of International Terrorism 以色列-巴勒斯坦冲突在法庭上的双重叙述：塑造对国际恐怖主义的认知

IF 0.7 2区历史学

Journal of Contemporary History Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1177/00220094241264089

Dan Porat

{"title":"Dual Narratives of the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict in Court: Shaping the Perception of International Terrorism","authors":"Dan Porat","doi":"10.1177/00220094241264089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220094241264089","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on trials stemming from attacks on El Al aircraft in Athens (1968) and Zurich (1969) and their role in shaping the narrative surrounding the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. The defense framed the attacks as part of a Palestinian military campaign against Israel, thus rationalizing the behavior as a legitimate response to its actions in occupied territories. In doing so, the Palestinians sought to portray themselves as political resistance fighters. Conversely, the Israelis depicted the attacks as deplorable acts of terrorism that targeted innocent civilians. Their objective was to counter the political motivations put forward by the Palestinians and emphasize the potential repercussions of such attacks on international air travel. These trials marked the first instances of legal proceedings specifically addressing international terrorism, framing these incidents as acts of terrorism rather than legitimate acts of liberation. The trials, along with their outcomes and the subsequent verdicts issued by the courts, played a significant role in defining these actions as terrorism. Subsequent international conventions on hijacking further reinforced this perspective, solidifying them as illegitimate acts of terror.","PeriodicalId":51640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141928531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Learning the Ropes of Life in Shanghai: Jewish Refugee Children in Second World War China 在上海学习生活：二战时期中国的犹太难民儿童

IF 0.7 2区历史学

Journal of Contemporary History Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1177/00220094241263780

Kimberly Cheng

{"title":"Learning the Ropes of Life in Shanghai: Jewish Refugee Children in Second World War China","authors":"Kimberly Cheng","doi":"10.1177/00220094241263780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220094241263780","url":null,"abstract":"During the Second World War, approximately 17,000 to 18,000 central European Jewish refugees resettled in the semi-colonial, multiethnic metropolis of Shanghai, China. Given the city's lack of border control, Shanghai remained one of the only destinations in the world where refugees of all ages could go with their extended families. Comparing the experiences of younger refugees with those of their adult family members, this article explores how the young age of refugee children informed their sense of identity and belonging in Shanghai. Using memoirs, oral histories, and children's school materials, this study argues that Jewish refugee children often acclimated faster to life in China due to the knowledge they possessed. In Europe, refugee children had a greater sense of openness to living abroad, given that they knew less about the dangers of wartime Shanghai. In China, school and extracurricular youth activities quickened refugee children's adjustment to life in the city, facilitating language acquisition and exposure to other foreign cultures in the city. The density of the Chinese neighborhoods in which refugee children lived also allowed youngsters to learn more from their encounters with Shanghai's Chinese population. Ultimately, their greater understanding of life in Shanghai complicated notions of home and self for refugee youth.","PeriodicalId":51640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141800955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Petitioning and Ghana's National Reconciliation Commission: Good Citizens, Bad Citizens, and Performing the Moral Economy 请愿与加纳民族和解委员会：好公民、坏公民和道德经济的表现

IF 0.7 2区历史学

Journal of Contemporary History Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1177/00220094241263787

Ryan Colton

引用次数: 0

Uncovering the Opium Crisis: The Poison of Turkish–American Relations in the 1960s and 1970s 揭秘鸦片危机：二十世纪六七十年代土美关系的毒药

IF 0.7 2区历史学

Journal of Contemporary History Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1177/00220094241263795

Murat Kasapsaraçoğlu

{"title":"Uncovering the Opium Crisis: The Poison of Turkish–American Relations in the 1960s and 1970s","authors":"Murat Kasapsaraçoğlu","doi":"10.1177/00220094241263795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220094241263795","url":null,"abstract":"Opium cultivation in Turkey had a long history spanning centuries. It was used as food, oil, painkiller, and a raw material to produce heroin. In the late 1960s, opium production precipitated a crisis between the United States of America (USA) and Turkey in which the USA puts increasing pressure on Turkey to ban opium cultivation as a part of its fight against drug addiction. However, the opium crisis was more than just a crop crisis, because Turkey did not play a major role in illegal drug trafficking as a producer country due to the volume of its opium production. Rather, the crisis can be viewed as a diplomatic offensive to test Turkey's loyalty to the USA and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Turkey was economically and militarily dependent on the USA, but shaken by the rise of the left and anti-Americanism in the late 1960s, it tried to move away from its US-centric foreign policy after the Cyprus Crisis in 1964. Ultimately, the democratically elected Demirel and Ecevit governments failed the test of loyalty to the USA and NATO, while the Erim government, backed by the military, passed the test due to different political, economic and social concerns.","PeriodicalId":51640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141811666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Childhood, Experience, Encampment: The Case of Italian-Speaking Refugees in Austria–Hungary During the First World War 童年、经历、露营：第一次世界大战期间奥匈帝国意大利语难民的案例

IF 0.7 2区历史学

Journal of Contemporary History Pub Date : 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.1177/00220094241254066

D. Cretu

引用次数: 0

George Green's Voice: A Concept for Studying the History of Young People 乔治-格林的声音研究年轻人历史的概念

IF 0.7 2区历史学

Journal of Contemporary History Pub Date : 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.1177/00220094241241061

Susanne Quitmann

引用次数: 0

Refugees, Welfare Organizations and Compulsory Labour in Postwar Austria 战后奥地利的难民、福利组织和义务劳动

IF 0.7 2区历史学

Journal of Contemporary History Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1177/00220094241241052

Rachel Blumenthal

{"title":"Refugees, Welfare Organizations and Compulsory Labour in Postwar Austria","authors":"Rachel Blumenthal","doi":"10.1177/00220094241241052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220094241241052","url":null,"abstract":"During the Second World War, Germany employed 13.5 million men, women and children as forced and slave labourers throughout Europe, including on Austrian territory. Compulsory labour in Austria did not end with the Allied occupation. Despite the aspiration to adopt the values of a liberal democracy, the Austrian federal government enacted a statute on compulsory labour (the Arbeitspflichtgesetz) in 1946. This legislation required everyone residing in the country on a permanent or temporary basis to perform mainly manual work. At the time, one in every five individuals in Austria was displaced from her or his country of origin. They included foreigners who refused to be repatriated and over 200,000 Jews who sought to rebuild their lives far from Europe. Strict quotas in the countries where they wished to settle thwarted their plans. Jewish and non-Jewish refugees found themselves trapped in Austria for months and years, subject to the authority of the occupying military forces and UNRRA. To what extent did the compulsory labour requirement apply to them? An examination of this issue provides an insight into the very gradual transition of Austria from authoritarianism to democracy and the shaping of refugee policies by both the Austrian government and relief organizations.","PeriodicalId":51640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141377630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Responsibility to Protect: International Conservationists, Decolonization and Authoritarianism in the DR Congo, 1960–75 保护的责任：国际自然保护主义者、非殖民化和刚果民主共和国的独裁统治，1960-1975 年

IF 0.7 2区历史学

Journal of Contemporary History Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1177/00220094241241053

Jan-Niklas Kniewel

{"title":"The Responsibility to Protect: International Conservationists, Decolonization and Authoritarianism in the DR Congo, 1960–75","authors":"Jan-Niklas Kniewel","doi":"10.1177/00220094241241053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220094241241053","url":null,"abstract":"As colonial rule in the Congo neared its end, western conservationists grew concerned about the potential collapse of the national parks left behind by Belgium. However, despite half a decade of political turmoil following independence, the nature reserves in the central African country survived. The Second Republic under Mobutu then ushered in a new era for the parks. Lobbied by international conservationists, the autocrat authorized harsh repressive measures against ‘intruders’ and established four new national parks. This created or exacerbated conflicts that still breed violence today. Drawing on archival documents from leading conservation organizations, this article examines the evolution of the Congo's nature protection regime during the crucial 15 years following independence. Thus, it contributes to a growing body of studies critically assessing the role of nongovernmental organizations in shaping contemporary Africa. As I will demonstrate in this article, some international experts swiftly recognized decolonization as an opportunity. To promote authoritarian measures in the parks, they exploited nationalist sentiments and the Mobutu regime's quest for international recognition. Consequently, violence became further normalized as a means of conservation in the Congo.","PeriodicalId":51640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141004777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molding Heritage Through Humanitarian Aid: German-Americans, Nazism, and Debates on Postwar German Suffering and Guilt 通过人道主义援助塑造遗产：德裔美国人、纳粹主义以及关于战后德国苦难和罪责的辩论

IF 0.7 2区历史学

Journal of Contemporary History Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1177/00220094241241054

Maximilian Klose

{"title":"Molding Heritage Through Humanitarian Aid: German-Americans, Nazism, and Debates on Postwar German Suffering and Guilt","authors":"Maximilian Klose","doi":"10.1177/00220094241241054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220094241241054","url":null,"abstract":"The article investigates how US-Americans of German origin and ancestry used humanitarian aid to Germany after the Second World War to deliberate their individual notions of heritage amidst the recent violent past of the land of origin. For this purpose, it looks at the rhetoric used by the leaders of German-American heritage organizations and both ethnic and non-ethnic humanitarian agencies. The article finds that these groups employed debates on German postwar suffering and the idea of the Germans being Hitler's ‘first victims’ to circumvent any accusation of potential German public complicity. They did so not because their German origin subjected immigrants to much public hostility in the United States the way it had during the First World War, but rather because the Nazi atrocities threatened to taint their understandings of Germanness and heritage. By portraying fascism as an outside force that was not inherently German but that had preyed on Germanness from the outside, immigrants could resort to humanitarian aid as a means of rehabilitation that did not support the perpetrators but the victims of the Second World War.","PeriodicalId":51640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141009105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Indian Ocean Internationalisms: The Sri Lankan Pursuit of Peace, 1971–89 印度洋国际主义：斯里兰卡对和平的追求，1971-1989 年

IF 0.7 2区历史学

Journal of Contemporary History Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.1177/00220094241234572

Niro Kandasamy

{"title":"Indian Ocean Internationalisms: The Sri Lankan Pursuit of Peace, 1971–89","authors":"Niro Kandasamy","doi":"10.1177/00220094241234572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220094241234572","url":null,"abstract":"In 1971 the Sri Lankan Prime Minister tabled the Indian Ocean as a Zone of Peace at the 26th United Nations General Assembly, marking the state's international debut at the global stage. This article analyses the trajectory of this highly significant initiative in the context of rapidly evolving political instabilities within Sri Lanka and across the Indian Ocean region. It argues that Sri Lanka's pursuit of peace during the 1970s and 1980s stemmed from multiple threats to its sovereignty combined with the state's desire to develop strategic allies and the material donations that flowed from those relations. The pursuit saw Sri Lanka align with India, the USA, the Soviet Union, and Britain at moments of political deterioration. These alignments enabled the Sri Lankan government to seek material supports to address breakdowns of political relations with the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna in the south and Tamils in the north and east. The article argues that the Sri Lankan pursuit of peace irrevocably transformed Indian Ocean internationalisms and shows how a small state aligned to suit its political needs. The pursuit also linked Sri Lanka's Indian Ocean peace efforts to a liberal order in problematic ways and strengthened international backing for violence against its citizens.","PeriodicalId":51640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140660330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0