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The Nexus between Protest and Electoral Participation: Explaining Chile's Exceptionalism 抗议与选举参与之间的关系:解释智利的例外论
2区 历史学
Journal of Latin American Studies Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.1017/s0022216x23000706
Rodrigo M. Medel, Nicolás M. Somma, Sofía Donoso
{"title":"The Nexus between Protest and Electoral Participation: Explaining Chile's Exceptionalism","authors":"Rodrigo M. Medel, Nicolás M. Somma, Sofía Donoso","doi":"10.1017/s0022216x23000706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x23000706","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The literature on political participation has consistently found that protest positively and significantly correlates with voting. However, Chile can be considered a deviant case to this pattern. During the last decade, Chileans who participated in street demonstrations were unlikely to participate in elections. What explains this anomaly? We argue that this rupture between participation in protest and in elections results from an effective distancing between social-movement organisations (SMOs) and institutional politics. However, this distancing of SMOs from party politics has not been homogeneous. To examine this heterogeneity, we conduct a comparative design of two cases: the labour and student movements. Based on a mixed-methods study that combines interviews with movement leaders and surveys of protest participants in marches, we seek to highlight the mediating role of SMOs in the promotion of different forms of political participation.","PeriodicalId":51630,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Latin American Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135201541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Debunking the Myth of Nicaraguan Exceptionalism: Crime, Drugs and the Political Economy of Violence in a ‘Narco-state’ 揭穿尼加拉瓜例外主义的神话:“毒品国家”的犯罪、毒品与暴力的政治经济
2区 历史学
Journal of Latin American Studies Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1017/s0022216x23000676
José Luis Rocha, Dennis Rodgers, Julienne Weegels
{"title":"Debunking the Myth of Nicaraguan Exceptionalism: Crime, Drugs and the Political Economy of Violence in a ‘Narco-state’","authors":"José Luis Rocha, Dennis Rodgers, Julienne Weegels","doi":"10.1017/s0022216x23000676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x23000676","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nicaragua is often held up as an exception within the Central American panorama of criminal violence, widely presented as the safest country in the region due to its particular revolutionary legacies, the (supposed) absence of transnational gangs and drug-trafficking organisations, and the National Police's representation as an efficient and professional force. This commentary proposes an alternative reading of Nicaragua's contemporary political economy of violence in order to reveal the profoundly misleading nature of this prevalent view. In particular, it highlights how Nicaragua is governed through a particular political ‘settlement’ underpinned by drug trafficking, police and judicial corruption, as well as ‘mafia state’ governance. These factors have coalesced to establish a highly efficient and engrained ‘narco-state’ whose undoing is unlikely in the short term.","PeriodicalId":51630,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Latin American Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135436867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Conditional Freedoms: Non-State Labour in Cuba between Institutional Delegitimisation and Civic Recognition 有条件的自由:古巴非国有劳工在制度非合法化和公民承认之间
2区 历史学
Journal of Latin American Studies Pub Date : 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.1017/s0022216x2300069x
Louis Thiemann, Claudia González Marrero
{"title":"Conditional Freedoms: Non-State Labour in Cuba between Institutional Delegitimisation and Civic Recognition","authors":"Louis Thiemann, Claudia González Marrero","doi":"10.1017/s0022216x2300069x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x2300069x","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract During the height of its power over everyday life, between 1968 and 1993, the Cuban Communist Party outlawed virtually all non-state labour and exchange. Since then, however, its continuity in power has increasingly depended on devolution: shifting responsibility for the provision of basic goods and services from failing state enterprises back to the self-employed. The latter now produce the majority of food and basic products; receive most of the national income from tourism, remittances and foreign investment; and generate most new jobs. Nevertheless, they subsist under a subaltern regime of fragile and conditional freedoms. The article adapts James Scott's consideration for the subaltern's ‘hidden transcripts’ and agencies to contemporary Cuba. It analyses the unavoidability of informal and illegal practices for daily subsistence; their naturalisation in society in contrast with their delegitimisation as opportunistic self-enrichment in party-controlled media; and how the self-employed resist such judgements in favour of more conciliatory civic visions.","PeriodicalId":51630,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Latin American Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135981861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Identity, Conflict and Discourse: Understanding Military Contestation in Brazil 认同、冲突与话语:对巴西军事冲突的理解
IF 1.1 2区 历史学
Journal of Latin American Studies Pub Date : 2023-08-25 DOI: 10.1017/s0022216x23000664
Ned Littlefield, Douglas Block
{"title":"Identity, Conflict and Discourse: Understanding Military Contestation in Brazil","authors":"Ned Littlefield, Douglas Block","doi":"10.1017/s0022216x23000664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x23000664","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Brazilian military has recently executed an unexpected return to politics by engaging more actively in domestic policymaking and implementation both before and during the Bolsonaro government, thus jeopardising democratic consolidation. To help understand this development, we examine why the military openly challenges civilian authority over some issues, while remaining silent on others. Whereas prior work emphasises external factors like civilians’ threats to military prerogatives, we argue that contestation of civilian authority stems in no small part from internal military conflict over how to utilise power. The military uses contestation to coordinate prerogatives with civilians and to communicate within the armed forces to increase cohesion. We illustrate this argument with case studies of military contestation surrounding political leadership selection and internal security, using the Army Commander's discourse via Twitter posts and public statements, plus key informant interviews and military publications.","PeriodicalId":51630,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Latin American Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42351172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
‘Now I Have Found Myself, and I Am Happy’: Marta Olmos, Sex Reassignment, the Media and Mexico on a Global Stage, 1952–7 “现在我找到了自己，我很快乐”：Marta Olmos，《性重新分配》，《媒体与墨西哥在全球舞台上》，1952–7
IF 1.1 2区 历史学
Journal of Latin American Studies Pub Date : 2023-08-25 DOI: 10.1017/s0022216x23000469
Ryan M. Jones
{"title":"‘Now I Have Found Myself, and I Am Happy’: Marta Olmos, Sex Reassignment, the Media and Mexico on a Global Stage, 1952–7","authors":"Ryan M. Jones","doi":"10.1017/s0022216x23000469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x23000469","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In May 1954, the story broke internationally of Marta Olmos, recipient of the first widely known, male-to-female sex reassignment conducted in Mexico. Her doctor, Rafael Sandoval Camacho, claimed that homosexuality could be cured and that, through transitions, queer Mexicans could be made into ‘socially useful’ citizens. While initially celebrated as a scientific triumph placing Mexico among elite nations, and receiving support from individuals close to the Ruiz Cortines administration, opinions soured as critics – physicians, politicians, cartoonists and clerics – condemned Marta for renouncing manhood through a fraudulent cure that threatened the binary sex/gender order underpinning Mexican nationalism. Sex reassignment, understood through foreigners including Christine Jorgensen and associated with ‘anti-social’ queer Mexicans, thus exemplified misplaced priorities during a period in which the state sought to ‘modernise patriarchy’. While self-affirming for Marta and permitted unofficially through state indifference, sex reassignment became seen as anti-Mexican. Thus, Marta's case illuminated how the state reconciled development with policing its patriarchal order.","PeriodicalId":51630,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Latin American Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42783107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Democrats’ Mistakes and the Birth of Authoritarian Rule: Ramón S. Castillo and the Fall of Conservative Democracy in Argentina 民主党人的错误与威权统治的诞生:Ramón S. Castillo与阿根廷保守民主的衰落
IF 1.1 2区 历史学
Journal of Latin American Studies Pub Date : 2023-08-18 DOI: 10.1017/s0022216x23000597
Nicolás Taccone, Ignacio A. López
{"title":"Democrats’ Mistakes and the Birth of Authoritarian Rule: Ramón S. Castillo and the Fall of Conservative Democracy in Argentina","authors":"Nicolás Taccone, Ignacio A. López","doi":"10.1017/s0022216x23000597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x23000597","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 On 4 June 1943, a military coup crushed Argentina's democracy, marking the end of the oligarchic era and ‘planting the seeds’ of Peronism. This case sheds light on how rulers’ mistakes can operate as a key independent variable in producing regime changes. We argue that the former conservative president, Ramón S. Castillo, provoked an otherwise avoidable democratic breakdown. Specifically, Castillo's misguided relationships with regime insiders and outsiders unintentionally eroded political stability and triggered the fall of democracy. Until now, agent-based scholarship has fallen short in tracing incumbents’ mistakes and linking them to regime-change processes. We test the argument by conducting a within-case analysis of Argentina's democratic fall in the early 1940s, scrutinising the president's errors at five critical events. We conclude that critical-event analysis can help disentangle the role of leaders’ mistakes in other episodes of regime change.","PeriodicalId":51630,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Latin American Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44568311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Peter Blanchard, Fearful Vassals: Urban Elite Loyalty in the Viceroyalty of Río de la Plata, 1776–1810 University of Pittsburgh Press, 2020, pp. ix + 285 彼得·布兰查德，《可怕的附体:普拉塔地区总督圈的城市精英忠诚》，1776 - 1810匹兹堡大学出版社，2020,pp. ix + 285
2区 历史学
Journal of Latin American Studies Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0022216x23000901
Jorge Troisi-Melean
{"title":"Peter Blanchard, Fearful Vassals: Urban Elite Loyalty in the Viceroyalty of Río de la Plata, 1776–1810 University of Pittsburgh Press, 2020, pp. ix + 285","authors":"Jorge Troisi-Melean","doi":"10.1017/s0022216x23000901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x23000901","url":null,"abstract":"An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.","PeriodicalId":51630,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Latin American Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135055728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gisela Zaremberg and Debora Rezende de Almeida, Feminisms in Latin America: Pro-Choice Nested Networks in Mexico and Brazil Cambridge University Press, 2022, pp. 75 Gisela Zaremberg和Debora Rezende de Almeida，拉丁美洲的女权主义:墨西哥和巴西的支持选择的嵌套网络剑桥大学出版社，2022年，第75页
2区 历史学
Journal of Latin American Studies Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0022216x23000780
Maxine Molyneux
{"title":"Gisela Zaremberg and Debora Rezende de Almeida, Feminisms in Latin America: Pro-Choice Nested Networks in Mexico and Brazil Cambridge University Press, 2022, pp. 75","authors":"Maxine Molyneux","doi":"10.1017/s0022216x23000780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x23000780","url":null,"abstract":"An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.","PeriodicalId":51630,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Latin American Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135055731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fabián A. Borges, Human Capital versus Basic Income: Ideology and Models of Anti-Poverty Programs in Latin America University of Michigan Press, 2023, pp. xviii + 270 Fabián A.博尔赫斯:《人力资本与基本收入:拉丁美洲反贫困项目的意识形态与模式》，密歇根大学出版社，2023年，第xviii + 270页
2区 历史学
Journal of Latin American Studies Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0022216x23000822
Armando Barrientos
{"title":"Fabián A. Borges, Human Capital versus Basic Income: Ideology and Models of Anti-Poverty Programs in Latin America University of Michigan Press, 2023, pp. xviii + 270","authors":"Armando Barrientos","doi":"10.1017/s0022216x23000822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x23000822","url":null,"abstract":"An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.","PeriodicalId":51630,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Latin American Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135055734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Jessica Lynn Graham, Shifting the Meaning of Democracy: Race, Politics, and Culture in the United States and Brazil University of California Press, 2019, pp. xxi + 365 杰西卡·林恩·格雷厄姆，《改变民主的意义:美国和巴西的种族、政治和文化》，加州大学出版社，2019年，第21页+ 365页
2区 历史学
Journal of Latin American Studies Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0022216x23000858
Andrew G. Britt
{"title":"Jessica Lynn Graham, Shifting the Meaning of Democracy: Race, Politics, and Culture in the United States and Brazil University of California Press, 2019, pp. xxi + 365","authors":"Andrew G. Britt","doi":"10.1017/s0022216x23000858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x23000858","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51630,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Latin American Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135056025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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