Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery-Global Open最新文献

{"title":"P34. The Financial Burden of Lymphedema Treatment on the Patient","authors":"Shayan M. Sarrami, Alexis Henderson, Benjamin B. Scott, Meeti Mehta, Erica Onuoha, Carolyn De La Cruz","doi":"10.1097/01.gox.0001114324.78612.c7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.gox.0001114324.78612.c7","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: Long-term lymphedema management can impose a significant financial burden on patients, but previous reports could not fully assess out-of-pocket costs. We reviewed four years of a single insurer’s financial data at one lymphatics center to investigate the economic impact on patients. METHODS: A retrospective review of patients with direct provider insurance undergoing lymphedema care from 2019-2023 included data on insurance charges and patient payments. Patients were grouped by treatment strategy: conservative (compression garments, pneumatic compressors), surgical (liposuction debulking, lymphovenous anastomosis), or preventative (immediate lymphatic reconstruction). Cost comparisons used Student’s t-test or ANOVA with post hoc analysis. RESULTS: Out of 921 patients needing lymphedema care under provider insurance (totaling 2,320 treatments), 99% (n=909) underwent conservative care; 266 used compression and 643 used pump therapy. Average cost for conservative management was $14,648 per patient, with an average out-of-pocket expense of $9,765. Payments for pump therapy averaged $8,470±$21,223 compared to $1,360±$4,159 for compression, a significant difference (p<0.001). Custom heavy garments were also significantly costlier (p<0.001). Surgical care (2%, n=18) mainly involved liposuction debulking (n=15); LVAs cost $3,317±$2,426, less than debulking at $6,770±$10,188, though not significantly different. Preventative ILR (n=3) had a median cost of $1,985. For nine patients who received both surgical and conservative care, the median payment was $8,990, reflecting the 4-year cost of lymphedema care. CONCLUSION: Lymphedema management often incurs high costs, influenced by patient and treatment factors. While conservative care is common, surgical and preventative options may reduce long-term expenses. As treatments evolve, considering patient financial impact is essential.","PeriodicalId":516238,"journal":{"name":"Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery-Global Open","volume":"13 S2","pages":"60-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147896254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"P33. A Multi-hospital Network Analysis of Long-term Outcomes and Predictors of Lymphedema Following Immediate Lymphatic Reconstruction and Axillary Lymph Node Dissection","authors":"Abbas M. Hassan, John P Hajj, John Lewis, Shahnur Ahmed, Carla S. Fisher, Kandice K. Ludwig, Rachel M. Danforth, R. Jason VonDerHaar, Ravinder Bamba, Mary E. Lester, Aladdin H. Hassanein","doi":"10.1097/01.gox.0001114320.93418.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.gox.0001114320.93418.58","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) significantly affects quality-of-life after axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Immediate lymphatic reconstruction (ILR) may reduce BCRL incidence, but long-term outcomes and predictors are unclear. This study sought to compare long-term BCRL prevalence in patients undergoing ILR with pooled estimates from ALND alone and to identify factors associated with BCRL after ILR. METHODS: We retrospectively studied consecutive patients who underwent ILR following ALND between January 2020 and March 2024 across six hospitals in the Indiana University network. Primary outcome was BCRL prevalence, defined as ≥2cm limb difference at two contiguous points. Secondary outcomes included BCRL predictors, postoperative complications, and compression garment use. RESULTS: Among 150 patients (mean age 51.2±10.6 years; BMI 29.6±7.1 kg/m²; follow-up 17.9±10.8 months) that underwent ILR, cumulative BCRL incidence was 10.7% (n=16). Compared to pooled estimates from 10,774 patients undergoing ALND alone, our ILR cohort had significantly lower BCRL rates: 2% vs. 16.5% (<12 months), 6.7% vs. 24.6% (12-24 months), and 10.7% vs. 23.6% (>24 months) (p < 0.001). Compression was used in 29% following ILR, with 64.6% (n=28) not meeting lymphedema diagnostic criteria. Breast-related complications occurred in 29.3% (n=44). Patients with obesity (56.3% vs. 38.3%, p=0.179) and postoperative radiotherapy (93.8% vs. 82.8%, p=0.260) had higher rates of lymphedema following ILR, although not statistically significant. Multivariable analysis did not identify any independent predictors of BCRL among ILR patients. CONCLUSION: ILR following ALND is associated with significantly lower rates of BCRL compared to ALND alone. The prevalence of lymphedema increases over time with longer term follow-up.","PeriodicalId":516238,"journal":{"name":"Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery-Global Open","volume":"13 S2","pages":"60-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147914930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"135. Evaluation of Lymphatic Junctional Protein Transformation in Secondary Lymphedema Murine Models","authors":"Ganesh Mohan, Shahnur Ahmed, Désirée König, Steven Sullivan, Miguel D. Jorge, Patrick F. Mercho, Mithun Sinha, Aladdin H. Hassanein","doi":"10.1097/01.gox.0001112488.22741.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.gox.0001112488.22741.45","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: Secondary lymphedema is a chronic limb swelling resulting from lymphatic dysfunction after lymphatic injury. There is no cure for lymphedema. Capillary lymphatics consist of a single layer of lymphatic endothelial cells and have a discontinuous junction structure (button-like junctions) which enables intersitial fluid clearance whereas collecting vessels are covered by smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and have continuous junctional proteins (zippers). Capillary lymphatic junctional protein zippering has been implicated in primary lymphedema. The purpose of this study is to understand the plasticity of lymphatic morphology during secondary lymphedema progression in murine lymphedema tail and hindlimb model. METHODS: Murine tail and hindlimb models of lymphedema were utilized. Normal and lymphedema-induced mice tail and hindlimb (post-op day 14) tissues were used to study junctional proteins. Horizontal whole mount of mice tail/hindlimb skin was immunostained with LYVE1 (lymphatics) and VE-Cadherin (junction protein). Images were acquired using 63x glycerol immersion objective on a Leica upright confocal microscope. The proportions of junctional proteins comprised of buttons, intermediates and zippers were calculated in the z-stack images using Imaris. Junctional morphology were quantified based on VE-Cadherin pattern in the LYVE1 stained areas. RESULTS: A significant change in buttons (p=0.004), intermediate (p=0.026), Zippers (p=0.039) in post-surgical lymphedema compared to normal mice tail. The variation in junctional pattern may hinder intersitial fluid during lymphedema progression. CONCLUSION: Lymphatic junctional proteins plasticity occurred in lymphedema with greater zipper proteins and less buttons in both murine tail and murine hindlimb lymphedema models. The transition to zipper junctional proteins may hinder interstitial fluid clearance in secondary lymphedema and provide new targets for treatment strategies.","PeriodicalId":516238,"journal":{"name":"Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery-Global Open","volume":"13 S1","pages":"93-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147911425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"133. Quantifying The Relative Contribution of Conservative Therapy Versus Surgical Debulking in the Outcomes of Lymphedema Patients With Fat Hypertrophy","authors":"James E. Fanning, Emily Muller, Kathleen Shillue, Yum Fuse, Aaron Fleishman, Kevin Donohoe, Dhruv Singhal","doi":"10.1097/01.gox.0001112480.59873.1c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.gox.0001112480.59873.1c","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: Debulking with power-assisted liposuction (PAL) is an effective surgical treatment for fat-dominant lymphedema. Specifying outcomes achieved between conservative management and PAL will more accurately assess the benefits of nonsurgical and surgical treatments for fat-dominant lymphedema. METHODS: A retrospective review of unilateral upper or lower extremity lymphedema patients optimized with compression prior to PAL from January 2018 to January 2024 was performed. Outcome measures including relative limb volume differences (%) and bioimpedance spectroscopy (L-dex) scores were reviewed at baseline, immediate preoperative, and postoperative timepoints. RESULTS: A total of 49 patients met inclusion criteria. Pre-operative conservative management reduced baseline relative limb volume difference in 73% of patients prior to PAL. The median contributions to total relative limb volume reduction were 16% (Q1-Q3: -1% to 37%) from conservative management and 84% (Q1-Q3: 63% to 101%) from surgical PAL. Conservative management reduced the baseline L-dex score in 87% of patients prior to PAL. Conservative management achieved a median reduction of 10.2 points (Q1-Q3: 6.7 to 19.9) from baseline L-dex score, and surgical PAL achieved a median reduction of 6.9 points (Q1-Q3: -5.8 to 26.3) from the last preoperative measurement timepoint. CONCLUSION: Preoperative therapy optimization results in large reductions in relative limb volume difference and L-dex score prior to surgical PAL. Larger improvements in L-dex after therapy versus PAL emphasizes the importance of pre-operative therapy in reducing the fluid component of the disease. Failure to separate outcomes of conservative management from lymphatic procedures can overestimate the outcomes of lymphatic surgery.","PeriodicalId":516238,"journal":{"name":"Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery-Global Open","volume":"13 S1","pages":"92-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147900969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing the Use of Pedicled versus Random Pattern Local Flaps in the Foot and Ankle","authors":"Karen R. Li, Christian X. Lava, Seo Yeon Lee, Julie Suh, L. Berger, Christopher E. Attinger","doi":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000005921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/GOX.0000000000005921","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of this study was to compare the use of pedicled local (PFs) versus random pattern flaps (RpFs) in foot and ankle reconstruction in patients with chronic, nonhealing wounds. Methods: A single-center, retrospective review of 204 patients with 118 PFs and 86 RpFs was performed. The primary outcome included rates of limb salvage. Results: PFs were used more often in the hindfoot (44.1% versus 30.2%, P = 0.045), lateral and medial surface (39.8% versus 18.6%, P = 0.001), and wounds containing exposed bone and hardware (78.8% versus 62.8%, P = 0.018). RpFs were used more for forefoot (19.8% versus 10.2%, P = 0.053) and plantar defects (58.1% versus 30.3%, P = 0.000). RpFs had a higher rate of immediate success (100% versus 95.8%, P = 0.053), with no significant differences in rate of long-term limb salvage (77.1% versus 69.8%, P = 0.237). PFs had higher rates of ischemia requiring intervention (11.0% versus 3.5%, P = 0.048). RpFs had a higher rate of minor amputations (15.12% versus 6.8%, P = 0.053) but similar rates of major amputation (15.1% versus 16.1%, P = 0.848). There were no significant differences in rates of mortality or ambulatory status. Conclusions: Both RpFs and PFs remain reliable options to reconstruct defects of the foot and ankle. Optimizing the use of each flap type should consider wound characteristics. RpFs are preferred for dorsal and plantar defects, whereas PFs are protective for minor infections and preferred for deeper wounds despite a higher rate of partial necrosis.","PeriodicalId":516238,"journal":{"name":"Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery-Global Open","volume":"16 5","pages":"e5921"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141405327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Collagenase and Tissue Subcision for Cellulite Treatment of the Buttock and Thigh Regions: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"J. Foppiani, Otakar Raska, Cécilia Galinaud, Stephen A. Stearns, Angelica Hernandez Alvarez, Iulianna C. Taritsa, Kirsten Schuster, Olivia A. Ho, S. TerKonda, Bernard T. Lee, Samuel J. Lin","doi":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000005857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/GOX.0000000000005857","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In this systematic review, we assessed the therapeutic efficacy and safety of Clostridium histolyticum collagenase (CCH) and tissue subcision (TS) for treating cellulite, which ranges from subtle to pronounced lesions. Methods: A systematic review was performed following PRISMA guidelines for CCH and TS treatment to the thigh and gluteal regions. A proportion meta-analysis was then conducted using Stata statistical software. Results: A total of 14 studies were incorporated into the final analysis. Nine focused on TS and five on CCH injection, collectively reporting outcomes for 1254 patients. Of these, 465 received CCH injection and 789 underwent subcision. For bruising, rates were 89% [95% confidence interval (CI), 71%–96%] with CCH injection and 99% (95% CI, 85%–99%) for subcision; pain requiring analgesic was reported at 74% (95% CI, 55%–87%) for CCH and 60% (95% CI, 43%–76%) for subcision; both showed induration at 7% (95% CI, 5%–11% for CCH, 95% CI, 2%–25% for subcision), whereas skin discoloration was higher post-CCH injection at 16% (95% CI, 10%–26%) compared with 7% (95% CI, 5%–10%) postsubcision. Conclusions: Both CCH and TS seem effective treatments for cellulite. However, upon evaluating the adverse outcomes between the two modalities, subcision demonstrated a higher incidence of bruising, albeit similar rates of induration compared with CCH injection. Conversely, the CCH injection group manifested a higher propensity for pain requiring analgesia and notably exhibited increased instances of skin discoloration compared with their subcision patient group. Further standardized research is crucial for more informed cellulite treatment decisions and for comparing efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness between TS and CCH.","PeriodicalId":516238,"journal":{"name":"Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery-Global Open","volume":"25 8","pages":"e5857"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141415101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endometriosis in Patients Undergoing Plastic Surgical Procedures: A Case Report and Review of the Literature","authors":"Payden Harrah, Augustine J. Deering, Michael T. Chung, Kenneth Hughes, Ray C. Hosein","doi":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000005904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/GOX.0000000000005904","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Endometriosis is a common gynecological disorder described as the presence of functional endometrial tissue outside the uterus, which can also be found in extrapelvic locations. Although patients seeking treatment for endometriosis usually present to gynecologists, there are rare cases of endometriosis encountered by plastic surgeons in routine practice, either incidentally or as a concomitant finding. Methods: We present a rare case of a 36-year-old woman with symptoms of panniculitis desiring panniculectomy. During surgery, an abdominal mass was excised and confirmed by pathological analysis to be endometriosis. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using the PubMed search engine of the National Institutes of Health to identify cases of endometriosis in plastic surgery. Following screening of the results, 14 articles were included in this analysis that fit the criteria of our search. Results: Of the 14 articles reviewed, cutaneous endometriosis was the most common subtype found in plastic surgery. None of the studies described findings of endometriosis in routine panniculectomies. Several identified endometriosis discovered during cosmetic abdominoplasties. Conclusions: Endometriosis encountered in plastic surgery is a rare but clinically important occurrence, with the cutaneous subtype representing the majority of cases. Endometriosis should always be on the differential diagnosis when an abdominal mass is found in a patient with a history of abdominal surgery. Abdominal masses found during routine aesthetic or reconstructive surgery should be submitted for tissue analysis to guide possible secondary treatments.","PeriodicalId":516238,"journal":{"name":"Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery-Global Open","volume":"96 1","pages":"e5904"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141402639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of Orbital Mucocele following Orbital Floor Fracture Repair","authors":"Adeem Nachabe, Genevieve E. Messa, Jonathan C. Boraski","doi":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000005917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/GOX.0000000000005917","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: Mucoceles can often present as a complication after prior sinus surgery or maxillofacial trauma when mucosal drainage is obstructed. Their presence in the orbit following orbital wall fracture and subsequent repair represent an exceedingly rare complication whose occurrence is limited to a few reported cases in the literature. In these patients, continuous cyst expansion and subsequent mass effect may lead to ophthalmic symptoms, including orbital pain, proptosis, diplopia, and globe dystopia. We report the discovery of an orbital mucocele after orbital floor fracture repair and its possible association with the nonporous reconstruction plate utilized for fixation. When a patient with history of orbital wall reconstruction presents with new-onset ocular symptoms, an orbital mucocele should be considered as a potential diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":516238,"journal":{"name":"Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery-Global Open","volume":"30 S1","pages":"e5917"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141409681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nontopical Nitrates in Flap Perfusion and Delay Phenomenon","authors":"Amin Izadpanah, David A. Jansen, Abigail E. Chaffin, E. Alt, Reza Izadpanah","doi":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000005918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/GOX.0000000000005918","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Topical nitrates have demonstrated efficacy in improving flap perfusion. However, evidence for nontopical nitrates in modulation of flap perfusion dynamics has yet to be consolidated. Here, we review evidence regarding the use of intravascular, sublingual, and oral nitrates in modulating flap perfusion. Methods: We performed a review of the literature for evidence linking nontopical nitrates and flap perfusion, and included clinical studies, animal studies, and in vitro studies. Results: Evidence suggests that intravascular, sublingual, and oral nitrates exert vasodilatory properties, which may be harnessed for identification of perforators and improved flap perfusion. We also found evidence suggesting nitrates may facilitate ischemic preconditioning while reducing ischemia–reperfusion injury. Conclusions: Nitrates delivered intravascularly, sublingually, or orally may increase flap perfusion and serve as a method for ischemic preconditioning, particularly in the intraoperative setting.","PeriodicalId":516238,"journal":{"name":"Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery-Global Open","volume":"54 6","pages":"e5918"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141407478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Immune Cell Infiltration and Collagen Type III Disorganization in Human Secondary Lymphedema: A Case-control Study","authors":"Andreas Spörlein, C. Hirche, J. Berner, U. Kneser, P. Will","doi":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000005906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/GOX.0000000000005906","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Secondary lymphedema (SL) affects 120 million people globally, posing a lifelong burden for up to 37% of cancer survivors. Chronic inflammation and progressive fibrosis are key drivers of SL, yet detailed characterization of immune cell subpopulations across lymphedema stages is lacking. This study aimed to investigate the immunologic profile of lymphedematous skin and its association with extracellular matrix changes, which could serve as clinical biomarkers or therapeutic targets. Methods: This case-control study analyzed the skin from 36 patients with and without SL, using immunofluorescence to quantify T cells, B cells, macrophages, and their subpopulations. Collagen quantity and composition were examined using picrosirius red staining, and mast cell infiltration was assessed with toluidine blue staining. Early and late SL stages were compared to identify histomorphological and immunologic correlates of stage progression. Results: We found a predominance of CD4+ T cells and mast cells in SL skin (1.4/mm² versus 1.0/mm², P < 0.01; 1.2/mm² versus 0.2/mm², P < 0.0001) and a higher ratio of collagen III to collagen I fibers (51.6% versus 75.0%, P < 0.001). M2 macrophages were more abundant in late-stage than in early-stage lymphedema (1.7/mm² versus 1.0/mm², P = 0.02). Conclusions: This study demonstrated a shift toward CD4+ T cell and mast cell infiltration in SL skin, correlating with extracellular matrix disorganization and an altered collagen III/I ratio. These findings enhance our understanding of the cellular and morphological changes in SL, potentially guiding future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.","PeriodicalId":516238,"journal":{"name":"Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery-Global Open","volume":"26 12","pages":"e5906"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141404390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}