{"title":"Radiology pathways in the United Kingdom for international medical graduates","authors":"Ameya Kawthalkar , Tejas Kapadia","doi":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radiology remains a highly sought-after specialty in the United Kingdom (UK), attracting a substantial number of international medical graduates (IMGs) who seek opportunities to train or practise within the National Health Service (NHS). For IMGs, multiple pathways exist, broadly categorized into the postgraduate medical graduate (PLAB) route for those without prior radiology training, and the postgraduate qualification (PGQ) route for those already trained in radiology abroad. Additional avenues include sponsorship schemes such as the Medical Training Initiative (MTI). This article provides a comprehensive review of these pathways, highlighting requirements for Graduate Medical Council (GMC) registration, foundation equivalence, fellowship opportunities, and consultant-level posts. A practical overview of entry routes, job types, and career progression options is provided to guide prospective IMG radiologists in making informed decisions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51617,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology","volume":"54 6","pages":"Pages 694-698"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anirudh Nair MD, FRCR, MBA , Adish Sham Talwadker MD, FRCR , Prof. Arumugam Rajesh FRCR, FESGAR, FAcadMEd
{"title":"Working as a consultant radiologist in the NHS, United Kingdom: Responsibilities, growth and challenges","authors":"Anirudh Nair MD, FRCR, MBA , Adish Sham Talwadker MD, FRCR , Prof. Arumugam Rajesh FRCR, FESGAR, FAcadMEd","doi":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.09.016","DOIUrl":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.09.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transitioning from an International Medical Graduate or overseas trained radiologist to the role of Consultant Radiologist within the NHS is both professionally rewarding and challenging. This article highlights the multifaceted nature of radiology practice in the UK, encompassing clinical responsibilities, challenges and opportunities for career progression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51617,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology","volume":"54 6","pages":"Pages 699-702"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145276945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Considerations and perspectives for pursuing overseas radiology training","authors":"Anmol Dhawan MBBS, MD (Fellow) , Puneet Bhargava MD, FSAR, FAUR, FACR (Professor) , Akshay D. Baheti MBBS, MD","doi":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radiologists worldwide face growing demand amid expanding imaging needs and subspecialization. For international medical graduates (IMGs), overseas training offers significant opportunity but requires deliberate, goal-aligned decision-making. This article proposes a practical framework to evaluate whether, where, and how to pursue training overseas. We contrast training contexts in low- and middle-income countries with high-income settings and outline benefits and challenges of training overseas, as well as the major determinants of location for further training and practice. The article also describes common elements emphasized in overseas applications, including research productivity, teaching and leadership experience, conference participation, and short observerships, along with the role of professional networking through mentors, academic meetings, and digital platforms. Ultimately, we emphasize that overseas training is not inherently superior or necessary; its value depends on alignment with long-term professional and personal goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51617,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology","volume":"54 6","pages":"Pages 654-657"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145246141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Probyn L MD, FRCPC, FCAR, DABR , Najeeb U MD, FCPS (Pak), FRCPC , Hanneman K MD, MPH, FRCPC , Farnquist B MD, FRCPC , Chan DK MD, MEd, FRCPC , Yan C MD, FRCPC
{"title":"A closer look at academic and community radiology practice in Canada","authors":"Probyn L MD, FRCPC, FCAR, DABR , Najeeb U MD, FCPS (Pak), FRCPC , Hanneman K MD, MPH, FRCPC , Farnquist B MD, FRCPC , Chan DK MD, MEd, FRCPC , Yan C MD, FRCPC","doi":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.09.011","DOIUrl":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.09.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There are two main radiology practice models in Canada. One is an academic radiology practice, located in centers where radiology trainees undergo training and are typically university-affiliated tertiary medical centers with a focus on research and education. The other is a community radiology practice, located in smaller hospitals, which are not main teaching sites, though they may take learners for some rotations and electives. Radiologists in community practices typically have a broader scope of practice and often see a large volume of cases.</div><div>Some of the challenges experienced in radiology in Canada are shared between academic and community practices; however, there are unique challenges faced by each practice environment and also strengths and benefits to both types of practices. This paper provides an overview of academic and community radiology practice in Canada with an emphasis on their strengths and challenges. It also reviews the practice of radiology as an international medical graduate (IMG), outlining related challenges and supports.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51617,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology","volume":"54 6","pages":"Pages 715-718"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145182427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Linda Probyn MD, FRCPC, FCAR, DABR , David K. Chan MD, MEd, FRCPC , Charles Yan MDCM, PhD, FRCPC , Brenda Farnquist MD, FRCPC , Umberin Najeeb MD, FCPS (Pak), FRCPC
{"title":"Navigating radiology board certification and practice pathways in Canada: a guide for international medical graduates","authors":"Linda Probyn MD, FRCPC, FCAR, DABR , David K. Chan MD, MEd, FRCPC , Charles Yan MDCM, PhD, FRCPC , Brenda Farnquist MD, FRCPC , Umberin Najeeb MD, FCPS (Pak), FRCPC","doi":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.09.017","DOIUrl":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.09.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There are many different pathways for International Medical Graduates (IMGs) to obtain certification to practise in Canada. The process can be complex and continues to change over time. This paper provides background information regarding the definition of an IMG in Canada, eligibility requirements for board certification and outlines other common pathways for IMG physicians to enter the academic and healthcare settings in Canada.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51617,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology","volume":"54 6","pages":"Pages 710-714"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145314315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dr Venkatesh Manchikanti MD,DNB,EDiR , Alok Kumar Mittal DNB EDiR EBIR FRCR (Interventional Radiologist) , Rola Husain MB, BCh, BAO , Dr Pradnya Gawai MD , Dr Syeda Shabistan Intekhab MBBS (PGY-3 Radiology Resident) , Dr Emtenen M Meer (MBBS) , Dr Athbi Athab Naief BSc(MED). MD. FFR-RCSI, FRCR (Senior Radiologist at Al Amiri Hospital) , Dr. Sameer Bhimjibhai Raniga (MD, FRCR)
{"title":"Radiologist's roadmap to the Middle East: pathways and practical considerations for employment in GCC countries","authors":"Dr Venkatesh Manchikanti MD,DNB,EDiR , Alok Kumar Mittal DNB EDiR EBIR FRCR (Interventional Radiologist) , Rola Husain MB, BCh, BAO , Dr Pradnya Gawai MD , Dr Syeda Shabistan Intekhab MBBS (PGY-3 Radiology Resident) , Dr Emtenen M Meer (MBBS) , Dr Athbi Athab Naief BSc(MED). MD. FFR-RCSI, FRCR (Senior Radiologist at Al Amiri Hospital) , Dr. Sameer Bhimjibhai Raniga (MD, FRCR)","doi":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.09.015","DOIUrl":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.09.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radiology practice in the Middle East, particularly in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Oman, Kuwait, and Bahrain, has rapidly expanded over the past two decades, attracting radiologists from across the world.</div><div>This review provides a practical and comprehensive, country-specific guide for international radiologists seeking professional opportunities in the region. It outlines the standardized steps for credential verification through Primary Source Verification, the licensing examinations required by each regulatory authority, and explains the tier-based eligibility system that classifies applicants as specialists or consultants. The article also compares practice settings in private, public, and academic healthcare sectors, highlighting the workload, responsibilities, and academic expectations. Job search strategies are discussed, including reliable online platforms and country-specific recruitment portals. By combining regulatory guidance with real-world insights, this article aims to simplify the migration process and support successful integration into the region’s evolving healthcare systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51617,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology","volume":"54 6","pages":"Pages 703-709"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sally L Ayesa , David G Milne , Jenna Howell , Kwang Chin
{"title":"Navigating clinical radiology specialist recognition in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand: Guidance and advice for international medical graduates","authors":"Sally L Ayesa , David G Milne , Jenna Howell , Kwang Chin","doi":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radiologists practising in Australia and Aotearoa/New Zealand are part of diverse healthcare communities with a commitment to delivering high-quality, patient-centred care against a backdrop of natural beauty and rich culture. The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists (RANZCR) is the peak professional body for specialist and trainee radiologists in clinical radiology. While RANZCR oversees clinical radiology training, fellowship and professional practice, Australia and New Zealand each have their own medical regulatory boards and accreditation councils that manage the medical registration of clinicians in their respective countries. This paper provides introductory guidance regarding clinical radiology specialty training in Australia and New Zealand, as well as outlining the pathways that may be available for international medical specialists and pre-vocational doctors considering practising radiology in these countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51617,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology","volume":"54 6","pages":"Pages 719-724"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145350776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Global Radiology Pathways: Navigating Training and Career Opportunities Across Continents","authors":"Akshay D Baheti , Mahan Mathur , Navid Faraji","doi":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.10.020","DOIUrl":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.10.020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51617,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology","volume":"54 6","pages":"Page 653"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145454307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zier Zhou , Arsalan Rizwan , Nick Rogoza , Andrew D Chung , Benjamin YM Kwan
{"title":"Differentiating between GPT-generated and human-written feedback for radiology residents","authors":"Zier Zhou , Arsalan Rizwan , Nick Rogoza , Andrew D Chung , Benjamin YM Kwan","doi":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Recent competency-based medical education (CBME) implementation within Canadian radiology programs has required faculty to conduct more assessments. The rise of narrative feedback in CBME, coinciding with the rise of large language models (LLMs), raises questions about the potential of these models to generate informative comments matching human experts and associated challenges. This study compares human-written feedback to GPT-3.5-generated feedback for radiology residents, and how well raters can differentiate between these sources.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Assessments were completed by 28 faculty members for 10 residents within a Canadian Diagnostic Radiology program (2019–2023). Comments were extracted from Elentra, de-identified, and parsed into sentences, of which 110 were randomly selected for analysis. 11 of these comments were entered into GPT-3.5, generating 110 synthetic comments that were mixed with actual comments. Two faculty raters and GPT-3.5 read each comment to predict whether it was human-written or GPT-generated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Actual comments from humans were often longer and more specific than synthetic comments, especially when describing clinical procedures and patient interactions. Source differentiation was more difficult when both feedback types were similarly vague. Low agreement (<em>k</em>=-0.237) between responses provided by GPT-3.5 and humans was observed. Human raters were also more accurate (80.5 %) at identifying actual and synthetic comments than GPT-3.5 (50 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Currently, GPT-3.5 cannot match human experts in delivering specific, nuanced feedback for radiology residents. Compared to humans, GPT-3.5 also performs worse in distinguishing between actual and synthetic comments. These insights could guide the development of more sophisticated algorithms to produce higher-quality feedback, supporting faculty development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51617,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology","volume":"54 5","pages":"Pages 574-578"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143473241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Victor J. Seghers M.D.Ph.D. , Margaret A. Clement , Robert C. Orth M.D.Ph.D. , Marla B.K. Sammer M.D. , Andrew C. Sher M.D.
{"title":"Reimbursement for outside second opinion imaging interpretation: Experience at a quaternary care academic pediatric health system","authors":"Victor J. Seghers M.D.Ph.D. , Margaret A. Clement , Robert C. Orth M.D.Ph.D. , Marla B.K. Sammer M.D. , Andrew C. Sher M.D.","doi":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There are increasing requests and benefits of providing formal written reports for second opinions of outside imaging in part due to medical legal concerns supporting appropriate documentation and concerns that misunderstandings from verbal curbside consults on the part of the requesting physician may lead to suboptimal patient care and potential liability for the radiologist and hospital. Verbal communication of findings on outside imaging is thus often considered insufficient with recommendations from undocumented consultations less likely to be acted upon. The increased work associated with performance of second-opinion interpretations may be substantial, raising concern that if curbside consults are not properly compensated, some second opinion interpretations may be performed more expeditiously than primary interpretations due to their more direct impact upon the daily work load, income, and relative value units. Since 2016, our quaternary-care academic pediatric hospital system has provided and billed for formal second-opinion imaging interpretations upon request for MRI, CT, and Nuclear Medicine exams, and disallowed the process of informal curbside consultations on such studies. This study aims to offer insight into our second opinion interpretation workflows and our experience in obtaining reimbursement for pediatric second opinion interpretations. Our findings indicate a formal second-opinion interpretation program can be financially viable and may help offset the additional resources required, and can serve as a guide to inform other departments attempting to establish a similar process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51617,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology","volume":"54 5","pages":"Pages 590-595"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143367063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}