{"title":"Health inequities, bias, and artificial intelligence","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.tvir.2024.100990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvir.2024.100990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Musculoskeletal (MSK) pain leads to significant healthcare utilization, decreased productivity, and disability globally. Due to its complex etiology, MSK pain is often chronic and challenging to manage effectively. Disparities in pain management—influenced by provider implicit biases and patient race, gender, age, and socioeconomic status—contribute to inconsistent outcomes. Interventional radiology (IR) provides innovative solutions for MSK pain through minimally invasive procedures, which can alleviate symptoms and reduce reliance on opioids. However, IR services may be underutilized, especially due to current treatment paradigms, referral patterns, and in areas with limited access to care. Artificial intelligence (AI) presents a promising avenue to address these inequities by analyzing large datasets to identify disparities in pain management, recognizing implicit biases, improving cultural competence, and enhancing pain assessment through multimodal data analysis. Additionally, patients who may benefit from an IR pain procedure for their MSK pain may then receive more information through their providers after being identified as a candidate by AI sifting through the electronic medical record. By leveraging AI, healthcare providers can potentially mitigate their biases while ensuring more equitable pain management and better overall outcomes for patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51613,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Visceral nerve interventions in interventional radiology","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.tvir.2024.100983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvir.2024.100983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic abdominal visceral pain management often requires multidisciplinary collaboration. Image-guided visceral nerve interventions may be critical in the management of visceral pain refractory to medical treatments. Abdominal and pelvic pain is mediated by specific nerves involving specific ganglia. The well-defined location of these ganglia provides important targets for percutaneous image-guided interventions to alleviate chronic abdominal or pelvic pain. In this review, we provide an in-depth discussion of the anatomy, indications, evidence, and technical and clinical considerations and complications for celiac plexus, superior hypogastric, inferior hypogastric, and ganglion impar block and neurolysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51613,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Keeping it \"straight\": how to do spinal tumor ablation with vertebral augmentation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.tvir.2024.100988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvir.2024.100988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This technical review provides a comprehensive overview of spinal tumor ablation and vertebral augmentation. These percutaneous minimally invasive procedures offer significant survival and palliative pain relief benefits for patients with pathological vertebral fractures. Vertebral augmentation, which includes vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty, involves injecting cement into fractured vertebral bodies to restore height. While vertebroplasty involves the direct injection of cement into a fractured vertebral body, kyphoplasty involves using a balloon to create a low-pressure cavity to allow for cement injection to restore the vertebral body height. Over the years, this technique has evolved into a straightforward process, though it presents certain technical challenges discussed in this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51613,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Epidural steroid injection technique","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.tvir.2024.100981","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvir.2024.100981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An epidural steroid injection (ESI) is a minimally invasive, image guided procedure for the treatment of back pain. Pain originating in the lumbar spine is the most common referral for ESI but the entire spine may be targeted. ESI can provide temporary but meaningful relief for patients who may have failed conservative management with oral analgesics and physical therapy. ESI may provide analgesia and anti-inflammatory effects that allow more conservative measures like physical therapy to become more effective. ESI also serves as a bridge between conservative and surgical management, intervention for postsurgical pain, or an alternative for nonsurgical candidates. This article reviews the technique for performing ESI in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbosacral spine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51613,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vertebral augmentation: How we do it","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.tvir.2024.100979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvir.2024.100979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vertebral augmentation consists of minimally invasive techniques indicated in the treatment of vertebral compression fractures (VCFs). These compression fractures cause vertebral body height loss and consequent significant pain and are most frequently the result of osteoporosis, cancer metastasis, or trauma. The deleterious effects of VCFs often compound, as greater load-bearing stress is transferred to the remaining healthy vertebrae. Kyphoplasty, vertebroplasty, and intravertebral implants are closely related vertebral augmentation techniques that serve to relieve pain and to counter pathophysiological stress and structural degradation of the vertebral column alignment. All 3 approaches are performed percutaneously and are therefore attractive options for patients deemed to be poor candidates for open surgery.</div><div>Each technique involves transpedicular needle access to the vertebral body matrix, followed by introduction of a cement-like polymer through a catheter to fill the space and provide structural fortification. Vertebroplasty involves injection of the cement material into the matrix space without any adjunctive measures. In kyphoplasty, a balloon is first introduced to expand the collapsed, fractured area with the goal of approximating the prefracture anatomy of the vertebral body and thereby spinal curvature, promptly followed by cement introduction. In intravertebral implantation procedures, a permanent jack is inserted into the vertebral body matrix and expanded craniocaudally, with the same purpose of restoring normal structure, before the matrix space is filled with cement polymer. This article provides an overview of these vertebral augmentation techniques, including pre and postprocedural considerations, with an emphasis on the technical aspects of the interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51613,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Targeted drug delivery via intrathecal pain pump for the treatment of malignant pain","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.tvir.2024.100985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvir.2024.100985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer patients experience pain at significant rates but are often undertreated—it is estimated that less than 1% of eligible cancer pain patients receive appropriate targeted drug delivery to address their pain. Cancer pain is often managed with systemic opioid treatment; however, this approach is limited in treating pain adequately and carries significant side effect risk profiles. Successful treatment of pain is closely tied to better oncologic outcomes as well as better measures on assessments of quality of life for cancer patients. Placement of intrathecal pain pumps represent a safe and effective way to manage pain in cancer patients. We describe the process of placing intrathecal pain pumps in an interventional radiology suite. This method of pump placement represents a minimally invasive approach to long term and continuous pain relief. Intrathecal pain pumps help maximize pain control for patients experiencing refractory pain due to disease process or treatments associated with malignancy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51613,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thoracolumbar spinal cord stimulation: technique and overview","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.tvir.2024.100986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvir.2024.100986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since the introduction of spinal cord stimulation in 1967, the therapy has become a cornerstone in the treatment of several chronic pain syndromes, including but not limited to: postlaminectomy syndrome, lumbar radiculopathy, complex regional pain syndrome and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. This article aims to examine the methodology and practical considerations involved in thoracolumbar spinal cord stimulation implementation, emphasizing procedural techniques and critical criteria for selecting patients to achieve optimal outcomes and minimization of complications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51613,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Basivertebral nerve ablation technique","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.tvir.2024.100987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvir.2024.100987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic low back pain represents a leading cause of global disability, but can often be complex in etiology, with multiple pain generators contributing to patient discomfort. Anterior column low back pain involves the vertebral bodies and discs, with the vertebral body endplates now known to be a significant pain generator. Vertebrogenic low back pain secondary to irritation of the basivertebral nerve presents as axial discomfort, worse with forward flexion, and with concomitant Type I or II Modic changes on MRI. Minimally invasive basivertebral nerve radiofrequency ablation has emerged as an effective intervention for managing anterior column back pain. In this article, the authors present a comprehensive approach to identifying and treating vertebrogenic low back pain through image guided basivertebral nerve ablation. We outline the patient presentation and diagnostic workup, followed by a detailed procedural guide including equipment requirements, technique execution, and potential technical challenges and complications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51613,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Percutaneous spinal decompression","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.tvir.2024.100980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvir.2024.100980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Symptoms arise when narrowing of the spinal canal, lateral recesses, or intervertebral foramina impinge upon the neural structures that traverse the spinal column. Pathology involving the structures that make up the spine can narrow the relevant spaces. Here a description of percutaneous procedures that address narrowing from disc disease, ligamentum Flavum hypertrophy, and devices that open and stabilize the spine at individual levels are presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51613,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The importance of advanced image guided pain management and the role of interventional radiology","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.tvir.2024.100978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvir.2024.100978","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51613,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}