Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology最新文献

{"title":"Flaps and Tissue Transfer Options in Wound Closure: A Plastic Surgery Perspective Part II","authors":"Cleo Rowntree MBBS, BSc,&nbsp;Khong Yik Chew MBBS, MMed, MRCSEd, FAMS","doi":"10.1016/j.tvir.2026.101129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvir.2026.101129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Part I reviewed wound healing biology and a pragmatic reconstructive ladder for interventional radiology (IR) access and postprocedural wounds. Part II focuses on flap and tissue transfer options: why and when they are needed, how they work physiologically, and how to think about anatomy and risk in a way that is clinically useful to non-surgeons. The emphasis is on common wound scenarios relevant to IR (groin and thigh access, upper limb access, device- or graft-adjacent breakdown, radiated tissue, infected hematomas, and exposed critical structures). We describe local, regional pedicled, and free tissue transfer strategies; composite and chimeric concepts; and tissue expansion as a staged solution. Practical peri‑procedural tips are included to help IR teams identify escalation triggers early and communicate effectively with reconstructive services. Early recognition of perfusion, contamination, and mechanical failure patterns allows timely referral and reduces reconstructive complexity. The goal is to provide IR clinicians with a clear decision-making framework that improves multidisciplinary communication and patient outcomes.</div></div><div>Part I reviewed wound healing biology and a pragmatic reconstructive ladder for interventional radiology (IR) access and postprocedural wounds. Part II focuses on flap and tissue transfer options: why and when they are needed, how they work physiologically, and how to think about anatomy and risk in a way that is clinically useful to non-surgeons. The emphasis is on common wound scenarios relevant to IR (groin and thigh access, upper limb access, device- or graft-adjacent breakdown, radiated tissue, infected hematomas, and exposed critical structures). We describe local, regional pedicled, and free tissue transfer strategies; composite and chimeric concepts; and tissue expansion as a staged solution. Practical peri‑procedural tips are included to help IR teams identify escalation triggers early and communicate effectively with reconstructive services. Early recognition of perfusion, contamination, and mechanical failure patterns allows timely referral and reduces reconstructive complexity. The goal is to provide IR clinicians with a clear decision-making framework that improves multidisciplinary communication and patient outcomes.</div>","PeriodicalId":51613,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology","volume":"29 3","pages":"Article 101129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148859540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Femoral and Brachial Artery Cut-Down for Vascular Access in Interventional Procedures","authors":"Peng Ye MD,&nbsp;Yi-fan Liu MD,&nbsp;Jian-bo Zhao MD","doi":"10.1016/j.tvir.2026.101131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvir.2026.101131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Femoral and brachial artery cut-downs are classic surgical methods for establishing vascular access in interventional procedures. Although largely replaced by less invasive percutaneous techniques and vascular closure devices, these open approaches remain essential when anatomy is challenging or large devices are needed. This paper outlines the indications, preoperative assessment, and step-by-step surgical techniques for safely exposing the femoral and brachial arteries. Direct visualization during cut-down facilitates reliable hemostasis and mitigates access-related complications, such as pseudoaneurysm or vessel occlusion. Mastery of these techniques is crucial for vascular specialists as a backup strategy when percutaneous access fails.</div></div><div>Femoral and brachial artery cut-downs are classic surgical methods for establishing vascular access in interventional procedures. Although largely replaced by less invasive percutaneous techniques and vascular closure devices, these open approaches remain essential when anatomy is challenging or large devices are needed. This paper outlines the indications, preoperative assessment, and step-by-step surgical techniques for safely exposing the femoral and brachial arteries. Direct visualization during cut-down facilitates reliable hemostasis and mitigates access-related complications, such as pseudoaneurysm or vessel occlusion. Mastery of these techniques is crucial for vascular specialists as a backup strategy when percutaneous access fails.</div>","PeriodicalId":51613,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology","volume":"29 3","pages":"Article 101131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148859541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of Coagulopathy","authors":"Nicole Keefe MD ,&nbsp;Rain Miller BS ,&nbsp;Kevin Wang MD","doi":"10.1016/j.tvir.2026.101111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvir.2026.101111","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Bleeding is an inherent risk in virtually all vascular and interventional radiology (VIR) procedures. Appropriately, all VIR preprocedural assessments should take into consideration a patient’s coagulopathic state as a potential contraindication. Coagulopathic abnormalities are particularly common in critically ill patients, many of whom may require emergent, life-saving VIR interventions. As the landscape of VIR transitions toward an emphasis of VIR physicians serving as clinicians rather than proceduralists/technicians, it is becoming more important that VIR physicians understand and provide appropriate clinical recommendations regarding management of common coagulopathies. This section will first cover common anticoagulants and antithrombotic agents, as well as their reversal agents. This will be followed by evaluation and medical management of common critical care coagulopathies such as disseminated intravascular coagulation, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, uremic platelet dysfunction, and coagulopathy secondary to liver disease. Finally, this discussion will cover the role of blood product transfusions in correcting coagulopathies. Management of various coagulopathies in context of low vs high bleeding risk VIR procedures, as defined by the Society of Interventional Radiology guidelines, will also be discussed. Understanding these common coagulopathies will allow the VIR physician to provide guidance to primary teams in correcting coagulopathic abnormalities so that a VIR intervention may proceed in a timely manner for these critically ill patients.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Bleeding is an inherent risk in virtually all vascular and interventional radiology (VIR) procedures. Appropriately, all VIR preprocedural assessments should take into consideration a patient’s coagulopathic state as a potential contraindication. Coagulopathic abnormalities are particularly common in critically ill patients, many of whom may require emergent, life-saving VIR interventions. As the landscape of VIR transitions toward an emphasis of VIR physicians serving as clinicians rather than proceduralists/technicians, it is becoming more important that VIR physicians understand and provide appropriate clinical recommendations regarding management of common coagulopathies. This section will first cover common anticoagulants and antithrombotic agents, as well as their reversal agents. This will be followed by evaluation and medical management of common critical care coagulopathies such as disseminated intravascular coagulation, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, uremic platelet dysfunction, and coagulopathy secondary to liver disease. Finally, this discussion will cover the role of blood product transfusions in correcting coagulopathies. Management of various coagulopathies in context of low vs high bleeding risk VIR procedures, as defined by the Society of Interventional Radiology guidelines, will also be discussed. Understanding these common coagulopathies will allo","PeriodicalId":51613,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology","volume":"29 2","pages":"Article 101111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148060362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Kidney Injury for the Interventional Radiologist: A Review","authors":"Nathan R. Leaphart MD,&nbsp;John F. Angle MD","doi":"10.1016/j.tvir.2026.101112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvir.2026.101112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>AKI is commonly seen among hospitalized patients, many of which the VIR is consulted to assess for a potential intervention. Rates are increased for critically ill patients and those with pre-existing CKD, advanced age, or significant comorbidities. Developing an AKI is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and risk of progression to chronic kidney disease. Physiologically, renal function depends on the coordinated activity of nephrons, which regulate fluid balance, electrolyte homeostasis, and metabolic waste filtration. Disruption of renal perfusion, injury to the microscopic and macroscopic renal structures, or obstruction of urinary outflow can impair these processes and lead to AKI. Clinical evaluation includes a focused history and physical examination, laboratory testing, urine analysis, and imaging studies to determine the underlying cause and guide management. The VIR will frequently encounter patients at risk for or experiencing AKI. For informed discussion with patients and other providers, optimal procedural planning, and enhanced post-procedural care, understanding the distinction between contrast-associated AKI and contrast-induced AKI and possible preventative strategies is vital. Given the enormous negative clinical impact of AKI, the VIR plays an important role in its prevention, diagnosis, and management.</div></div><div>AKI is commonly seen among hospitalized patients, many of which the VIR is consulted to assess for a potential intervention. Rates are increased for critically ill patients and those with pre-existing CKD, advanced age, or significant comorbidities. Developing an AKI is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and risk of progression to chronic kidney disease. Physiologically, renal function depends on the coordinated activity of nephrons, which regulate fluid balance, electrolyte homeostasis, and metabolic waste filtration. Disruption of renal perfusion, injury to the microscopic and macroscopic renal structures, or obstruction of urinary outflow can impair these processes and lead to AKI. Clinical evaluation includes a focused history and physical examination, laboratory testing, urine analysis, and imaging studies to determine the underlying cause and guide management. The VIR will frequently encounter patients at risk for or experiencing AKI. For informed discussion with patients and other providers, optimal procedural planning, and enhanced post-procedural care, understanding the distinction between contrast-associated AKI and contrast-induced AKI and possible preventative strategies is vital. Given the enormous negative clinical impact of AKI, the VIR plays an important role in its prevention, diagnosis, and management.</div>","PeriodicalId":51613,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology","volume":"29 2","pages":"Article 101112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148060363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Acute Hemorrhage and Damage-Control Resuscitation: Critical Care Concepts for Vascular Interventional Radiologists","authors":"Sameer Singhal MD,&nbsp;Ke Zhang MD, PhD,&nbsp;Khanant Desai MD","doi":"10.1016/j.tvir.2026.101114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvir.2026.101114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vascular Interventional Radiologists (VIRs) frequently perform procedures to treat active hemorrhage and are consulted for assistance in management of active hemorrhage. Many such patients are critically ill with hemorrhagic shock, and may require complex urgent and medical management by the treating VIR. VIRs should understand the pathophysiology of hemorrhage and guidelines for management. Here, we discuss the assessment of acute hemorrhage, physiology of acute traumatic coagulopathy, and how to manage and resuscitate patients presenting with acute or severe hemorrhage. Importantly, we focus on the evidence-based Damage Control Resuscitation guidelines, transfusion principles, and anticoagulation reversal guidelines. This knowledge will help any VIR to manage patients experiencing hemorrhage and to function as a disease expert and key cog of the clinical team.</div></div><div>Vascular Interventional Radiologists (VIRs) frequently perform procedures to treat active hemorrhage and are consulted for assistance in management of active hemorrhage. Many such patients are critically ill with hemorrhagic shock, and may require complex urgent and medical management by the treating VIR. VIRs should understand the pathophysiology of hemorrhage and guidelines for management. Here, we discuss the assessment of acute hemorrhage, physiology of acute traumatic coagulopathy, and how to manage and resuscitate patients presenting with acute or severe hemorrhage. Importantly, we focus on the evidence-based Damage Control Resuscitation guidelines, transfusion principles, and anticoagulation reversal guidelines. This knowledge will help any VIR to manage patients experiencing hemorrhage and to function as a disease expert and key cog of the clinical team.</div>","PeriodicalId":51613,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology","volume":"29 2","pages":"Article 101114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148060365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergency Preparedness in the Vascular and Interventional Radiology Suite—An Overview","authors":"Naina Verma MD ,&nbsp;Vishaal Kondoor MBA ,&nbsp;Peter Kolyvas MD ,&nbsp;Rakesh Ahuja MD","doi":"10.1016/j.tvir.2026.101109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvir.2026.101109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review highlights a systematic approach to intraoperative patient safety within vascular and interventional radiology, emphasizing a comprehensive monitoring system that includes airway, respiratory, and circulatory management. Airway monitoring integrates continuous assessment with tiered intervention strategies, ranging from basic oxygen delivery to advanced airway techniques. Respiratory monitoring underscores the critical role of capnography for early detection of respiratory compromise, while circulatory management focuses on the use of arterial lines and immediate defibrillation access. The review offers insights into complications such as contrast reactions, cardiopulmonary arrest, over-sedation, and sepsis, focusing on risks and management. Recognizing acute medical emergencies in the vascular and interventional radiology suite, informed by skilled personnel and a clear understanding of available resources and management practices, establishes a strong foundation for effective emergency preparedness, ultimately enhancing patient safety and outcomes.</div></div><div>This review highlights a systematic approach to intraoperative patient safety within vascular and interventional radiology, emphasizing a comprehensive monitoring system that includes airway, respiratory, and circulatory management. Airway monitoring integrates continuous assessment with tiered intervention strategies, ranging from basic oxygen delivery to advanced airway techniques. Respiratory monitoring underscores the critical role of capnography for early detection of respiratory compromise, while circulatory management focuses on the use of arterial lines and immediate defibrillation access. The review offers insights into complications such as contrast reactions, cardiopulmonary arrest, over-sedation, and sepsis, focusing on risks and management. Recognizing acute medical emergencies in the vascular and interventional radiology suite, informed by skilled personnel and a clear understanding of available resources and management practices, establishes a strong foundation for effective emergency preparedness, ultimately enhancing patient safety and outcomes.</div>","PeriodicalId":51613,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology","volume":"29 2","pages":"Article 101109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148060353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Approach to Airway Management and Acute Respiratory Failure","authors":"Selvin Jacob MD ,&nbsp;Raghu Seethala MD, MSc","doi":"10.1016/j.tvir.2026.101113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvir.2026.101113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vascular and interventional radiology (VIR) has expanded to include the periprocedural and inpatient management of critically ill patients. Acute respiratory failure and airway compromise in VIR settings may arise from a range of causes, including oversedation, pneumothorax, massive hemoptysis, pulmonary edema, anaphylaxis, or exacerbations of pre-existing respiratory conditions. The ability to promptly assess and treat acutely decompensating patients is essential for interventional radiologists. The management of acute respiratory failure begins with a rapid assessment of airway, breathing, and circulation, in conjunction with evaluation of vital signs, pulse oximetry, end-tidal CO2, arterial or venous blood gases, all while determining the underlying etiology. This review provides a concise overview of the mechanisms underlying respiratory failure, the devices used for monitoring and management, and a focused approach to treating patients with acute respiratory failure.</div></div><div>Vascular and interventional radiology (VIR) has expanded to include the periprocedural and inpatient management of critically ill patients. Acute respiratory failure and airway compromise in VIR settings may arise from a range of causes, including oversedation, pneumothorax, massive hemoptysis, pulmonary edema, anaphylaxis, or exacerbations of pre-existing respiratory conditions. The ability to promptly assess and treat acutely decompensating patients is essential for interventional radiologists. The management of acute respiratory failure begins with a rapid assessment of airway, breathing, and circulation, in conjunction with evaluation of vital signs, pulse oximetry, end-tidal CO2, arterial or venous blood gases, all while determining the underlying etiology. This review provides a concise overview of the mechanisms underlying respiratory failure, the devices used for monitoring and management, and a focused approach to treating patients with acute respiratory failure.</div>","PeriodicalId":51613,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology","volume":"29 2","pages":"Article 101113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148060361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Management of Dysrhythmias","authors":"Khanant M Desai MD, RPVI","doi":"10.1016/j.tvir.2026.101110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvir.2026.101110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vascular Interventional Radiologists (VIRs) frequently care for patients with high severity of illness, multiple comorbidities, and physiologic derangements. The incidence and prevalence of abnormal cardiac rhythms (dysrhythmias) in these patients is high, and these can quickly lead to hemodynamic instability, shock, and death. Therefore, VIRs should be skilled in the evaluation and management of common dysrhythmias. Here, we provide an overview of commonly encountered narrow-complex tachycardias, wide-complex tachycardias, and bradycardias, with emphasis on recognition, diagnosis of underlying etiologies, and initial pharmacologic or electrical treatment steps, with the understanding that advanced treatment and long-term management should be undertaken in conjunction with electrophysiology expertise.</div></div><div>Vascular Interventional Radiologists (VIRs) frequently care for patients with high severity of illness, multiple comorbidities, and physiologic derangements. The incidence and prevalence of abnormal cardiac rhythms (dysrhythmias) in these patients is high, and these can quickly lead to hemodynamic instability, shock, and death. Therefore, VIRs should be skilled in the evaluation and management of common dysrhythmias. Here, we provide an overview of commonly encountered narrow-complex tachycardias, wide-complex tachycardias, and bradycardias, with emphasis on recognition, diagnosis of underlying etiologies, and initial pharmacologic or electrical treatment steps, with the understanding that advanced treatment and long-term management should be undertaken in conjunction with electrophysiology expertise.</div>","PeriodicalId":51613,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology","volume":"29 2","pages":"Article 101110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148060364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease","authors":"Anoop Ravilla MD","doi":"10.1016/j.tvir.2026.101100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvir.2026.101100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a chronic atherosclerotic disease of the lower extremities associated with high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, as well as destructive limb-associated complications such as intermittent claudication and ischemic rest pain. While revascularization with surgical and endovascular techniques is important to prevent limb loss in patients with critical limb ischemia, it fails to address the early symptoms of PAD or the systemic cardiovascular risks associated with PAD. The management of PAD incorporates aggressive lifestyle modification and comprehensive medical therapy aimed at reducing systemic cardiovascular risk, preventing limb-related events, and improving quality of life and functional capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51613,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology","volume":"29 1","pages":"Article 101100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147420560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Total Occlusion Crossing Techniques for Infra-Inguinal Peripheral Artery Disease: A Contemporary Guide for Vascular Specialists","authors":"Srini Tummala MD,&nbsp;Aakash Neelupalli Reddy","doi":"10.1016/j.tvir.2026.101103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvir.2026.101103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) represents the most advanced manifestation of peripheral artery disease posing a significant threat to both limb viability and patient survival. Individuals with CLTI frequently exhibit extensive, heavily calcified infrainguinal arterial involvement including chronic total occlusions (CTOs). CTO crossing failure rates can exceed 20% depending on the expertise of the operator. Inadequate revascularization due to unsuccessful CTO crossing can lead to elevated morbidity, major amputation, and increased mortality. As such, contemporary vascular specialists must master CTO crossing techniques for both above-the-knee and below-the-knee disease to optimize procedural success and clinical outcomes. This review outlines and synthesizes the various catheter-based and guidewire strategies currently employed for infrainguinal CTO management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51613,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology","volume":"29 1","pages":"Article 101103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147420553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}