Politics and Governance最新文献_第4页

Economic Security and the Politics of Trade and Investment Policy in Europe 欧洲的经济安全与贸易和投资政策政治

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Politics and Governance Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.17645/pag.v11i4.7858

Guri Rosén, Sophie Meunier

{"title":"Economic Security and the Politics of Trade and Investment Policy in Europe","authors":"Guri Rosén, Sophie Meunier","doi":"10.17645/pag.v11i4.7858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v11i4.7858","url":null,"abstract":"Facing recent global disruptions brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine, climate change, and the race for raw materials and technology needed for the green transition, economic interdependence—not least unilateral dependence—has increasingly come to be seen as a security threat. In response, the EU has put resilience and strategic autonomy at the centre of its trade and investment agenda. The EU was long resistant to this geoeconomic turn, that is, the use of economic tools for geopolitical purposes in normal times. Since 2017, however, the EU has placed greater emphasis on identifying and mitigating the security vulnerabilities that accrue from open markets. This geoeconomic turn has culminated in the June 2023 release of the European Commission’s Economic Security Strategy, which aims to maximise the benefits of economic openness while minimising the risks from economic interdependence. The aim of this thematic issue is to analyse the foundations of this new European focus on economic security and, more specifically, on the increased use of geoeconomic instruments. Coming at this objective from a variety of disciplinary traditions, methodologies, and substantive focus, our contributors tackle, among others, the following questions: Why has the EU abandoned its reluctance to use geoeconomics and finally made the switch towards economic security? How does the EU’s approach compare with other major global players? And, what are the long-term implications of the EU’s economic security strategy for European integration, its relationship with partners and allies, and the global economic order?","PeriodicalId":51598,"journal":{"name":"Politics and Governance","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139209839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Global Fragmentation and Collective Security Instruments: Weakening the Liberal International Order From Within 全球分裂与集体安全工具：从内部削弱自由国际秩序

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Politics and Governance Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.17645/pag.7357

Mateja Peter

{"title":"Global Fragmentation and Collective Security Instruments: Weakening the Liberal International Order From Within","authors":"Mateja Peter","doi":"10.17645/pag.7357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.7357","url":null,"abstract":"Collective instruments, such as UN peacekeeping or mediation, are a lens through which we can examine broader normative fault lines in the international order. They hold both practical and symbolic value. In the post-Cold War moment, these instruments started reflecting liberal values. They became concerned with balancing the rights of individuals and state sovereignty. These advances around “human protection” are now in question, with contestation perceived as emerging from non-Western powers. I contribute to the debates on the “pragmatic turn” within collective responses but contend that while the focus in current debates about the normative shift has become global fragmentation, the momentum for the de-prioritization of human protection within collective instruments comes from within the liberal order itself. Human protection is now a broadly shared and firmly entrenched norm, but to shield the norm from abuse, the collective international community progressively restricted any use of force to advance the norm within the instrument of UN peacekeeping. The co-optation of UN peacekeeping into counter-terrorism efforts and the introduction of stabilization mandates undermined the principled nature and moral authority of the instrument of peacekeeping itself. This, in turn, compromised the implementation of human protection. This development is now accelerated and exposed due to global fragmentation, influencing not just peacekeeping but also other adjacent activities, such as mediation.","PeriodicalId":51598,"journal":{"name":"Politics and Governance","volume":"356 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139211106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Implementation of EU Trade Agreements Under an Assertive, Open, and Sustainable Trade Policy 在自信、开放和可持续的贸易政策下实施欧盟贸易协定

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Politics and Governance Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.17645/pag.v11i4.7224

María J. García

引用次数: 0

The Recovery and Resilience Dialogues: Cheap Talk or Effective Oversight? 恢复与复原对话：廉价谈话还是有效监督？

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Politics and Governance Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.17645/pag.v11i4.7344

Edoardo Bressanelli, Nicola Chelotti, Matteo Nebbiai

{"title":"The Recovery and Resilience Dialogues: Cheap Talk or Effective Oversight?","authors":"Edoardo Bressanelli, Nicola Chelotti, Matteo Nebbiai","doi":"10.17645/pag.v11i4.7344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v11i4.7344","url":null,"abstract":"The recovery and resilience dialogues were introduced by the regulation of the Recovery and Resilience Facility, and the first of such dialogues took place in May 2021. The European Parliament invites the Commission, approximately every two months, to exchange views on matters relating to the national recovery and resilience plans and progress in their implementation. Through an analysis of an original dataset composed of the questions asked by the MEPs in the 10 dialogues held between May 2021 and April 2023, this article provides a systematic empirical assessment of the European Parliament’s capacity to hold the Commission accountable. Drawing on the literature on the economic and monetary dialogues and adapting the operationalisation of key variables to the new instrument, this article shows that the recovery and resilience dialogues are an effective instrument for information exchange and debate, but they serve as a weak instrument of political accountability. Additionally, it casts new light on significant differences between MEPs: South and East European members are considerably more active than members from Northern Europe. At the same time, parliamentarians only occasionally ask questions targeting other member states.","PeriodicalId":51598,"journal":{"name":"Politics and Governance","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139213450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Grasping Foreign and Security Policy Change: Patterns and Conditions of Change Among Liberal Democracies 把握外交与安全政策变革：自由民主国家的变革模式与条件

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Politics and Governance Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.17645/pag.7172

Florian Böller, Georg Wenzelburger

{"title":"Grasping Foreign and Security Policy Change: Patterns and Conditions of Change Among Liberal Democracies","authors":"Florian Böller, Georg Wenzelburger","doi":"10.17645/pag.7172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.7172","url":null,"abstract":"Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has been perceived as a fundamental shift at the international level, triggering reorientation in foreign and security policy, in particular among liberal democracies. At the same time, beyond such external shocks, states may incrementally adapt their positioning towards international affairs. To shed light on these dynamics, this article aims to quantitatively explore longer-term patterns of foreign and security policy in liberal democracies. In doing so, we make two contributions to the literature: First, we propose a quantitative operationalization of foreign and security policy change, combining military and non-military aspects, to explore the patterns of continuity and change over time (1988–2021), considering 20 liberal democracies. Second, we leverage insights from public policy analysis, in particular the punctuated equilibrium theory, to make sense of the identified patterns. Accordingly, we find support for the proposition that foreign and security policies typically change incrementally and that major change is rare. Moreover, while incremental shifts can be explained by domestic politics and institutional settings, major changes disrupt this pattern. In conclusion, the article discusses the plausibility of the quantitative analysis given the current policy shifts among democracies following Russia’s war in Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":51598,"journal":{"name":"Politics and Governance","volume":"27 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139255075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Zeitenwende: German Foreign Policy Change in the Wake of Russia's War Against Ukraine Zeitenwende：俄罗斯对乌克兰发动战争后德国外交政策的变化

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Politics and Governance Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.17645/pag.7346

Patrick A. Mello

{"title":"Zeitenwende: German Foreign Policy Change in the Wake of Russia's War Against Ukraine","authors":"Patrick A. Mello","doi":"10.17645/pag.7346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.7346","url":null,"abstract":"Russia’s war against Ukraine has severely damaged the European security architecture. This article examines the consequences of this rupture for German foreign and security policy. Just a few months before Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, Germany saw the transition to an unprecedented three-party coalition government of Social Democrats, Greens, and Liberals. In a special address to the Bundestag three days after the invasion, Chancellor Olaf Scholz described Russia’s war initiation as a historical Zeitenwende (“watershed”) that called into question long-held beliefs about European security. In the wake of this, Scholz proclaimed far-reaching changes, including the announcement that military expenditure would be drastically increased, additional military capabilities would be procured, and new deployments would be committed to NATO’s eastern flank. This article argues that the Zeitenwende amounts to an international orientation change in German foreign and security policy. Apart from identifying areas of significant change, the article also documents political contestation over the Zeitenwende’s nature and extent as well as gaps between proclaimed changes and actual implementation.","PeriodicalId":51598,"journal":{"name":"Politics and Governance","volume":"69 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139257523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

One Crisis is not Like Another: Exploring Different Shades of Crisis in the EU 一场危机不同于另一场危机：探索欧盟危机的不同色调

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Politics and Governance Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.17645/pag.v11i4.7349

Jan Hupkens, Christine Neuhold, Sophie Vanhoonacker

{"title":"One Crisis is not Like Another: Exploring Different Shades of Crisis in the EU","authors":"Jan Hupkens, Christine Neuhold, Sophie Vanhoonacker","doi":"10.17645/pag.v11i4.7349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v11i4.7349","url":null,"abstract":"Against the background of more than a decade of crises in the EU and an increasing inflationary use of the term, this article contributes to the crisis literature in two ways. First, by presenting the state of the art in broader academic research on crises and crisis management, it explores how the more recent EU literature can benefit from this earlier work. At the same time, it also pays attention to the EU specificities and the implications in terms of research, especially with regard to studying actors and perceived threats. Here the unpacking of the well-established crisis definition of Boin et al. (2013), which builds on the work of Rosenthal et al. (1989), serves as a helpful starting point. Second, the contribution argues that one crisis is not like another and that crises can take different gradations. By distinguishing between mild, severe, and existential crises, it makes a first attempt to propose the key analytical dimensions that impact the gradation of a crisis. Building on the findings in EU crisis research, it distils the dimensions of severity, symmetry, and speed as defining characteristics. Depending on the crisis, the gradation of each of these dimensions ranges along a spectrum. In other words, there are different shades of crises. By being more explicit about the gradation, scholars can identify what type of crisis is at stake (i.e., whether the crisis under study is mild, severe, or existential in nature). This in turn has implications for questions such as by whom, how, and when a crisis needs to be addressed. As a final step, the article also identifies a series of avenues for further research.","PeriodicalId":51598,"journal":{"name":"Politics and Governance","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139258312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Public Employment Services' Responses to the Pandemic: Examples from Portugal, Bulgaria, and Lithuania 公共就业服务机构应对大流行病的措施：葡萄牙、保加利亚和立陶宛的实例

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Politics and Governance Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.17645/pag.7437

Ana Sofia Ribeiro, Vladislava Lendzhova, Sonata Vyšniauskienė, Tatiana Ferreira, João Carlos Sousa, Isabel Roque, Kerli Kõiv, Katrin Saks, Omeed Agahi, Òscar Prieto-Flores, Niall O'Higgins

{"title":"Public Employment Services' Responses to the Pandemic: Examples from Portugal, Bulgaria, and Lithuania","authors":"Ana Sofia Ribeiro, Vladislava Lendzhova, Sonata Vyšniauskienė, Tatiana Ferreira, João Carlos Sousa, Isabel Roque, Kerli Kõiv, Katrin Saks, Omeed Agahi, Òscar Prieto-Flores, Niall O'Higgins","doi":"10.17645/pag.7437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.7437","url":null,"abstract":"The Covid-19 pandemic provoked critical changes to welfare in Europe, requiring the dematerialisation of programmes and services while relying mainly on remote support. This study aims to present insights into how European public employment services have coped and adapted to the pandemic challenges, particularly regarding the digitalisation and delivery of services to young people in rural areas. It focuses on three case studies from distinct European regions: Portugal, Bulgaria, and Lithuania. It is based on an exploratory survey of public employment services national offices and qualitative data collected from public employment services offices in rural settings. It highlights the advantages and dangers of the adoption of digitalisation processes, namely considering literacy and accessibility in diverse contexts. It concludes that despite cultural and regional differences, all three countries evidenced an acceleration in service provision due to digitalisation and were capable of adjusting their practices to remote delivery. However, rural areas faced delays due to poor infrastructure, and after the pandemic, public employment privileged on-site delivery, since it is considered more effective in the training and counselling of young people.","PeriodicalId":51598,"journal":{"name":"Politics and Governance","volume":"301 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139255878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Climate Change and Institutional Resilience in Arctic Environmental Governance 气候变化与北极环境治理中的机构复原力

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Politics and Governance Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.17645/pag.7369

O. Stokke

引用次数: 0

Europe’s Global Gateway: A New Instrument of Geopolitics 欧洲的全球门户：地缘政治的新工具

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Politics and Governance Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.17645/pag.v11i4.7098

Eugénia C. Heldt

{"title":"Europe’s Global Gateway: A New Instrument of Geopolitics","authors":"Eugénia C. Heldt","doi":"10.17645/pag.v11i4.7098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v11i4.7098","url":null,"abstract":"In December 2021, the EU member states agreed on the Global Gateway strategy to mobilize public and private funds of up to €300 billion between 2021 and 2027, to invest in digital, climate and energy, transport, health, education, and research fields. With a geographical focus on Africa, Global Gateway links infrastructure investment projects with condition principles—including democratic values, good governance, and transparency—and catalyzes private investment into EU development financing. Against this backdrop, this study explores why EU member states agreed on this new geopolitical instrument. This piece posits that the confluence of three factors enabled the creation of Global Gateway. First, the EU established this new instrument to counter China’s role as a global infrastructure lender in Africa. Second, Global Gateway was possible through the shift to private investment in multilateral development financing. Equally important for the establishment of Global Gateway was the European Commission’s transformational leadership as an entrepreneurial agent in designing this geopolitical strategy of the EU’s power projection. The conclusion outlines future research avenues and enables readers to consider the wider prospects and caveats of the Global Gateway strategy.","PeriodicalId":51598,"journal":{"name":"Politics and Governance","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139257590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0