Politics and Governance最新文献

Methodological Reflections on Studying Gender‐Sensitive Parliaments Cross‐Nationally: A “Most Significant Change” Approach 关于跨国研究对性别问题有敏感认识的议会的方法论思考：最显著变化 "方法

IF 2.5 3区社会学

Politics and Governance Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.17645/pag.8117

Petra Ahrens, Silvia Erzeel, Merel Fieremans

{"title":"Methodological Reflections on Studying Gender‐Sensitive Parliaments Cross‐Nationally: A “Most Significant Change” Approach","authors":"Petra Ahrens, Silvia Erzeel, Merel Fieremans","doi":"10.17645/pag.8117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.8117","url":null,"abstract":"Whilst cross-national comparative analyses provide distinct opportunities for the study of gender-sensitive parliaments, the inherent challenge in conducting comparisons necessitates a continued search for innovative methods. This article responds to this need by proposing the “most significant change” (MSC) approach (Davies & Dart, 2005), which centres on collecting and analysing “stories of significant change.” Drawing on our own application of MSC in an international study commissioned by INTER PARES, we show that MSC’s bottom-up, inductive, and participatory approach proved valuable in uncovering hitherto unknown instances of gender-sensitive changes across countries, illuminating the broader impact of such changes beyond parliaments and incorporating practitioners’ perspectives. The flexibility of MSC also enabled context-specific applications, which we illustrate through three examples from Cyprus, Germany, and Trinidad & Tobago. By offering a complementary approach to compare parliaments’ gender sensitivity across countries, our study provides a novel perspective for future comparative analyses in the field.","PeriodicalId":51598,"journal":{"name":"Politics and Governance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141806037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shades of Resistance: Factors Influencing Populist Mobilization Against the EU Budgetary Conditionality Regime 抵抗的阴影：影响动员民众反对欧盟预算条件制度的因素

IF 2.5 3区社会学

Politics and Governance Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.17645/pag.8171

R. Csehi

{"title":"Shades of Resistance: Factors Influencing Populist Mobilization Against the EU Budgetary Conditionality Regime","authors":"R. Csehi","doi":"10.17645/pag.8171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.8171","url":null,"abstract":"Although the past decade has shown how populist governments may challenge the EU’s budgetary framework, we still lack an understanding of the circumstances under which populists are more likely to mobilize against EU-level decision-making in this field, and what this mobilization may look like. Combining the literature on populism as an ideology and EU decision-making, the article zooms in on the negotiations regarding the general regime of conditionality in EU budgetary politics and argues that economic and political factors have influenced populist mobilization. A qualitative comparison of the nine cases where populist parties feature in the government highlights that only two countries, Poland and Hungary, have actively opposed the introduction of the so-called rule-of-law conditionality. A closer look indicates that a combination of Euroscepticism, European Parliamentary affiliation, membership in the European Public Prosecutor’s Office, and the political power that populist parties possess at home, along with key macroeconomic indicators, have influenced populists in government to mobilize against the conditionality mechanism. In the second part of the analysis, the article showcases the actions of the Hungarian government, highlighting it as a specific example of populist mobilization. Viktor Orbán’s government has built a populist narrative around the issue, questioned the norm of the decision-making process, exerted a veto to block the agreement temporarily, and later challenged the regulation in court—in short, it engaged in unpolitics.","PeriodicalId":51598,"journal":{"name":"Politics and Governance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141803063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gender, Intraparty Competition, and the Substantive Focus of Parliamentary Questions in South Africa 南非的性别、党内竞争和议会问题的实质重点

IF 2.5 3区社会学

Politics and Governance Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.17645/pag.8326

Ana Espírito-Santo, E. Sanches, Yanis Kartalis

{"title":"Gender, Intraparty Competition, and the Substantive Focus of Parliamentary Questions in South Africa","authors":"Ana Espírito-Santo, E. Sanches, Yanis Kartalis","doi":"10.17645/pag.8326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.8326","url":null,"abstract":"Extant research suggests that women ask more parliamentary questions (PQs) on soft policy domains while their male peers focus on hard domains, which are arguably more relevant. This study contributes to this body of research by examining how electoral incentives shape intraparty politics, and specifically the substantive focus of PQs. It argues that women’s focus on soft policy domains is not constant, with variations found in situations where intraparty competition is high. Female MPs will have fewer incentives to focus on soft policy domains if they are electorally vulnerable and as elections draw closer. The mechanism is clear: Women face strong bias in parliament, which means they need to work harder to stand on an equal footing with their male counterparts. As a result, rather than shying away from competition, they will try to maximize their career prospects by shifting their attention to (hard) policy domains that are considered more important to both parties and voters. These claims are tested in the case of South Africa, drawing upon a novel dataset of PQs from 2006 to 2023. South Africa is an interesting case study as it is one of the most feminized parliaments in Africa and has strong electoral incentives for intraparty competition. The findings confirm most theoretical expectations and clarify the electoral and gender-related predispositions that drive the substantive focus of questions.","PeriodicalId":51598,"journal":{"name":"Politics and Governance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141805524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Parliament as a Workplace: Dilemmas of Vernacularisation and Professionalisation 作为工作场所的议会：本土化和专业化的困境

IF 2.5 3区社会学

Politics and Governance Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.17645/pag.8196

Mouli Banerjee, Shirin M. Rai

{"title":"Parliament as a Workplace: Dilemmas of Vernacularisation and Professionalisation","authors":"Mouli Banerjee, Shirin M. Rai","doi":"10.17645/pag.8196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.8196","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we engage with recent calls to research parliaments as gendered workplaces, which build on earlier international discursive turn and institutional reform initiatives towards gender-sensitive parliaments. Our engagement explores this workplace framing and how well it translates across pluralised, global parliamentary paradigms. We develop our arguments with a special focus on the Indian parliament as a gendered institution. Viewing the parliament as a gendered workplace through an intersectional lens, we show how gender dynamics and institutional configurations of power are embedded in class, race, and caste inequalities but can shift over time through reflexive challenges. We organise our discussion through two approaches to studying parliaments as workplaces—vernacular and professional—to argue that paying attention to these approaches critically can contribute to sensitising the workplace debate to a more capacious, theoretically nuanced reading of parliaments as more gender-sensitive, gender-inclusive, and gender-responsive representative institutions. In outlining the case for paying attention to the vernacular critically, we ask whether such an understanding can help to effectively bridge local and global understandings of parliaments as workplaces and institutionalise them. In studying professionalisation, we examine the paradox that professionalisation could lead to the depoliticisation of parliaments, which might affect the nature of gender-sensitivity that is being institutionalised. This analysis thus brings together institutional, postcolonial, and intersectional strands of work to think anew about gender-equal political practices in representative bodies.","PeriodicalId":51598,"journal":{"name":"Politics and Governance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141809469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

US Critical Mineral Policies and Alliance Strategies in an Age of Geopolitical Rivalry 地缘政治竞争时代的美国关键矿产政策和联盟战略

IF 2.5 3区社会学

Politics and Governance Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.17645/pag.8186

A. Ufimtseva, Jing Li, Daniel M. Shapiro

引用次数: 0

A Chip War Made in Germany? US Techno‐Dependencies, China Chokepoints, and the German Semiconductor Industry 德国制造的芯片战争？美国的技术依赖、中国的咽喉要道和德国半导体产业

IF 2.5 3区社会学

Politics and Governance Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.17645/pag.8265

Julian Germann, Steve Rolf, Joseph Baines, S. Starrs

{"title":"A Chip War Made in Germany? US Techno‐Dependencies, China Chokepoints, and the German Semiconductor Industry","authors":"Julian Germann, Steve Rolf, Joseph Baines, S. Starrs","doi":"10.17645/pag.8265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.8265","url":null,"abstract":"As geo-economic and geopolitical rivalries intensify, the US is weaponizing its power in global semiconductor supply chains to restrict Chinese technological development. To win this chip war against China, the US must compel key foreign firms in Asia and Europe not to supply its adversary with the materials, tools, and know-how needed to make advanced semiconductors. But will these firms agree to follow the US chip embargo and avoid the lucrative Chinese market? This article examines Germany’s “China chokepoint” firms, whose identity and behavior remain critically understudied. Drawing on novel data sets and annual company reports, we show that German firms across three case studies are highly “techno-dependent” on the US. Despite this techno-dependence, German firms have so far sought to circumnavigate US export controls. This constitutes a puzzle because Germany’s semiconductor firms are no more involved in the Chinese market than are firms in Japan and South Korea—which have frequently signaled voluntary compliance or even withdrawn from China in anticipation of harsher US sanctions. To resolve this puzzle, we map out Germany’s semiconductor network and demonstrate that it is tightly articulated with Germany’s auto industry—which is in turn heavily exposed to Chinese markets. We propose that this secondary exposure, through firms’ embeddedness in Germany’s “national production regime,” encourages them to resist the US chip embargo. In this way, we contribute empirical and conceptual insights to international political economy scholarship on firms as geo-economic actors, actively engaged in a protracted and contentious policy process with US authorities.","PeriodicalId":51598,"journal":{"name":"Politics and Governance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141668710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Biographical Study of A “Salafi Political Jihadist”: Dr. Fauzi 萨拉菲政治圣战者 "传记研究：法齐博士

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Politics and Governance Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.17645/pag.7984

M. N. Azca

{"title":"A Biographical Study of A “Salafi Political Jihadist”: Dr. Fauzi","authors":"M. N. Azca","doi":"10.17645/pag.7984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.7984","url":null,"abstract":"A biographical study through the lens of Mills’ sociological imagination provides an interesting understanding of Dr. Fauzi AR, an Islamist political activist who became a salafi jihadist. Fauzi was born in Yogyakarta in 1956 from a devout Muhammadiyah family, and grew up in Kauman, Yogyakarta, the heartland of the modernist Islamic mass organisation, Muhammadiyah. He was educated in Muhammadiyah schools and qualified as a medical doctor. His political career included chairmanship of the Islamic United Development Party (PPP), which he maintained when he joined Laskar Jihad, a salafi-wahabi paramilitary group, during the inter-religious conflict in Maluku in 2000. Fauzi became a reformed “maverick jihadist”, that is a person who is unpredictable yet competent. He remained the chairman of PPP during his jihadi involvement, which was unusual, as participation in partisan politics (hizbiyya) is forbidden by salafi doctrine. He remained a heavy smoker until his end of life in 2021, although smoking is forbidden (haram) by religious decree (fatwa), as declared by salafi clerics. When the salafi movement fragmented, he created his own “third way” by conducting regular salafi religious sermons at his home but somehow maintained good relations with Ja’far Umar Thalib, the former commander of Laskar Jihad, who was also an excommunicated salafi leader. Finally, Fauzi made an unprecedented move while a salafi activist by supporting, and campaigning for, his wife in an unsuccessful bid for a seat in national parliament as a member of the secular-nationalist party, Gerindra, in the 2009 election.","PeriodicalId":51598,"journal":{"name":"Politics and Governance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141113312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Populist Challenge? Negotiating the EU’s Accession to the Istanbul Convention in the Council 民粹主义挑战？欧盟加入《伊斯坦布尔公约》的理事会谈判

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Politics and Governance Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.17645/pag.8110

Monika De Silva, Mariia Tepliakova

{"title":"Populist Challenge? Negotiating the EU’s Accession to the Istanbul Convention in the Council","authors":"Monika De Silva, Mariia Tepliakova","doi":"10.17645/pag.8110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.8110","url":null,"abstract":"According to recent scholarship, populist governments engage in “unpolitics,” a repudiation of politics as the process of resolving conflict, including on the level of the EU. We propose that the conditions provided by the Council preparatory bodies, namely constructive negotiation culture, focus on technical details and containment of a negotiation outside of mediatised venues, might hamper the emergence of unpolitics. We test this argument by tracing the process of the EU’s accession to the Istanbul Convention on preventing and combatting violence against women and domestic violence, concluded in June 2023. This case study serves as a hard case for our theory because gender equality as a policy area is susceptible to tactics of unpolitics and right-wing populists have employed populist critique of the Istanbul Convention in their domestic contexts. Having analysed multiple data sources, including interviews with negotiators in the Council of the EU, official EU documents, and media coverage, we find little evidence of unpolitics in the case of the Council’s negotiation of the EU’s accession to the Istanbul Convention. We suggest that decision-making venues such as Council preparatory bodies can mitigate phenomena associated with populism, such as the use of unpolitics tactics in EU decision-making.","PeriodicalId":51598,"journal":{"name":"Politics and Governance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141116998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Myth of Deglobalization: Multinational Corporations in an Era of Growing Geopolitical Rivalries 去全球化的神话：地缘政治竞争加剧时代的跨国公司

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Politics and Governance Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.17645/pag.8092

L. Linsi, Ellie Gristwood

{"title":"The Myth of Deglobalization: Multinational Corporations in an Era of Growing Geopolitical Rivalries","authors":"L. Linsi, Ellie Gristwood","doi":"10.17645/pag.8092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.8092","url":null,"abstract":"Globalization is past its peak, we are told. The rise of populist anti-globalization movements and the return of geopolitical rivalries among great powers in the 2010s has put an end to free-wheeling corporate global capitalism. Or has it? This article summons available data on cross-border corporate investments at the level of countries (balance of payments), firms (subsidiaries and affiliates), and corporate managers (industry surveys). It pays special attention to the period between 2015 and 2021, which spans the election of President Trump and the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic that have unsettled global politics. We analyze global patterns in foreign direct investment positions and in particular the evolution of investments by US corporations in China, arguably a “most likely case” for deglobalization. Our analyses find no evidence that economic cross-border integration is in decline. The global allocation of corporate investments across the world’s major economic regions has remained stable. US corporations have not notably reduced their global activities. If anything, their aggregate investment position in China has increased during the Trump administration’s trade war. Overall, the results cast empirical doubts on prominent narratives about the state of the global economy. Geoeconomic transformations in world economic infrastructures may well be underway, but they are better understood as new and adapted forms of internationalization rather than the end of globalization.","PeriodicalId":51598,"journal":{"name":"Politics and Governance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141117015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From Parliament to Party: The Gender‐Sensitive Parliamentary Group 从议会到政党：对性别问题有敏感认识的议会小组

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Politics and Governance Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.17645/pag.8107

Petra Ahrens, Petra Meier

{"title":"From Parliament to Party: The Gender‐Sensitive Parliamentary Group","authors":"Petra Ahrens, Petra Meier","doi":"10.17645/pag.8107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.8107","url":null,"abstract":"Gender-sensitive parliaments are an emergent international norm. Research primarily focused on parliaments as gendered workplaces functioning with formal and informal rules and routines that either constrain or promote gender equality. We shift the focus to parliamentary groups and parties in public office as key actors in achieving a gender-sensitive parliament. We argue that they play a crucial role in many parliamentary systems and can actively contribute to gender-sensitive transformations. Building on the gender-sensitive parliament literature, we first explore the potential of parliamentary groups to improve parliamentary functioning across four aspects: representation, policy-making, engagement with societal interests, and groups as gender-sensitive workplaces. Secondly, we delve into the broader parliamentary and party contexts, recognizing how factors such as the diversity of parliamentary systems, organizational structures, parties in central office, and political dynamics shape parliamentary groups’ room for manoeuvre. We conclude by calling for further empirical, but especially conceptual, research to develop intersectionality-sensitive parliaments which we suggest are crucial for dismantling existing power hierarchies based on social markers.","PeriodicalId":51598,"journal":{"name":"Politics and Governance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141118740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0