Politics and Governance最新文献_第2页

From Counterterrorism to Deterrence: The Evolution of Canada’s and Italy’s Defense Postures 从反恐到威慑：加拿大和意大利国防态势的演变

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Politics and Governance Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.17645/pag.7355

Justin Massie, Marco Munier

{"title":"From Counterterrorism to Deterrence: The Evolution of Canada’s and Italy’s Defense Postures","authors":"Justin Massie, Marco Munier","doi":"10.17645/pag.7355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.7355","url":null,"abstract":"How do US democratic allies perceive and adapt to the multiple challenges associated with the rise of multipolarity and the return of major war in Europe? This article examines how two US allies—Canada and Italy—have adapted their defense postures from the professed beginning of the shift in the balance of power in 2008 to Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. More specifically, it provides a comparison of three major dimensions of defense postures: threat perceptions, patterns of foreign military deployments, and military expenditures. This article argues that both allies have undertaken a shift from liberal interventionism towards a defense posture increasingly geared towards deterrence vis-à-vis Russia. However, the shift did not occur analogously and simultaneously, as the two allies’ adjustment was shaped by differing levels of domestic inter-party contestation. This article highlights the extent to which US allies’ international security adaptation follows political-party threat perceptions more than the traditional left-right dichotomy. Shared inter-party threat perceptions of great power revisionism are found to shape the degree of defense policy adaptation toward great power competition.","PeriodicalId":51598,"journal":{"name":"Politics and Governance","volume":"38 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138946808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enlargement of the EU Towards the East: A Pivotal Change in EU’s External Policy? 欧盟向东扩展：欧盟对外政策的关键变革？

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Politics and Governance Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.17645/pag.7464

Zbyněk Dubský, Kateřina Kočí, Markéta Votoupalová

{"title":"Enlargement of the EU Towards the East: A Pivotal Change in EU’s External Policy?","authors":"Zbyněk Dubský, Kateřina Kočí, Markéta Votoupalová","doi":"10.17645/pag.7464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.7464","url":null,"abstract":"The EU’s Eastern enlargement in 2004 was marked by the entry of mostly smaller states, whose ability to shape the external direction of the EU was questioned. However, the EU’s response to the war in Ukraine has shown how important the Eastern dimension of external policy is for the EU and that this Easternisation of the EU has occurred precisely in the wake of the 2004 enlargement. This is due to the fact that these states have been able to push their own narratives in the discourse on the EU’s Eastern direction, particularly in the case of the Eastern Partnership. This article analyses the discourse of Central and Eastern European states regarding the Eastern partnership, specifically the narratives of the official documents of three Baltic and four Visegrad group countries in the 2009–2022 period. The analysis made it possible to identify narrative structures and showed that the narratives are relatively similar in the selected countries. Despite the lack of cooperation between the two groups and the West’s neglect of the Eastern Partnership policy, they were able to individually strengthen their position in the EU and maintain the discussion about the Eastern Partnership at the EU level as a result.","PeriodicalId":51598,"journal":{"name":"Politics and Governance","volume":"47 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138946623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Russian War Against Ukraine and Its Implications for the Future of Liberal Interventionism 俄罗斯对乌克兰的战争及其对自由干预主义未来的影响

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Politics and Governance Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.17645/pag.7348

Anna Geis, Ursula Schröder

{"title":"The Russian War Against Ukraine and Its Implications for the Future of Liberal Interventionism","authors":"Anna Geis, Ursula Schröder","doi":"10.17645/pag.7348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.7348","url":null,"abstract":"The Russian war against Ukraine has already had crucial implications for the future of liberal interventionism. Drawing on current debates in IR about the transformation of the global world order, the article outlines how processes of global reordering affect (liberal) interventionism at different scales. The article argues that what has become known as the liberal international order is in retreat, at the expense of liberal peace-oriented international interventions. At the same time, current geopolitical realignments appear to be dividing the world into new spheres of influence, pitting democracies against autocracies at the global level and within regional conflicts. However, when it comes to security interventions and peacekeeping, the emerging realities on the ground, where a growing number of actors with different agendas interact, are more complex than simplistic world-order narratives suggest. Using the cases of international peacekeeping and security assistance as examples, the article shows that in some current international intervention sites, the emerging “multi-order world” is characterised by complicated constellations of parallel external assistance offers and rapid shifts in allegiances that do not necessarily follow clear divisions between “authoritarian” and “liberal” forms of assistance. The article therefore does not confirm expectations of the emergence of a “new Cold War” and a new round of ideological competition between international systems.","PeriodicalId":51598,"journal":{"name":"Politics and Governance","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138945086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Importance of a Coordinated Career Guidance System in Addressing the Rural NEETs Issue 协调职业指导系统对解决农村 NEET 问题的重要性

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Politics and Governance Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.17645/pag.7439

Blanka Bálint, Balázs Telegdy, Ede Lázár

{"title":"The Importance of a Coordinated Career Guidance System in Addressing the Rural NEETs Issue","authors":"Blanka Bálint, Balázs Telegdy, Ede Lázár","doi":"10.17645/pag.7439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.7439","url":null,"abstract":"A rapidly ageing population, the dual transition, major changes in the job market, and the coronavirus and its effects amplify existing disparities (gender gap, urban-rural cleavages), posing a considerable challenge for peripheral regions. In these circumstances, the labour market integration of young people who are neither in employment nor in education or training (NEET) is becoming increasingly urgent for peripheral regions such as rural areas. Various legislation, policies, and community-based interventions play a significant role in promoting integration. Still, subjective factors such as self-efficacy beliefs affect perceptions of career opportunities and can even prevent some from seizing opportunities. As a result, approaches to tackling the rural NEET issue need to focus on a long-term, sustainable solution. One could be career guidance, which helps individuals take charge of their lives and choose meaningful careers and educational paths. Consequently, our research aimed to identify the conditions in 22 European countries related to career guidance that lead to low rural NEET rates among 25–29-year-olds. Career guidance systems were explored through content analysis of country-specific reports on lifelong guidance systems and then analysed using the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. The research results draw attention to the importance of coordinated career guidance systems in preventing and (re)integrating NEETs, as it helps make informed, meaningful, and long-term career decisions.","PeriodicalId":51598,"journal":{"name":"Politics and Governance","volume":"60 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138945696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Failure of Liberal Interventionism: Deconstructing Afghan Identity Discourses of “Modern” and “Tradition” 自由干预主义的失败：解构阿富汗 "现代 "与 "传统 "的身份认同论述

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Politics and Governance Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.17645/pag.7380

Aisha Younus

{"title":"The Failure of Liberal Interventionism: Deconstructing Afghan Identity Discourses of “Modern” and “Tradition”","authors":"Aisha Younus","doi":"10.17645/pag.7380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.7380","url":null,"abstract":"In Afghanistan, the crisis of liberal intervention unfolded in the failure to establish democratic structures as a solution to terrorism and extremism in the aftermath of 9/11. Following the emergency withdrawal of US and NATO forces from Afghanistan on August 30, 2021, President Ashraf Ghani discreetly left Kabul, enabling the Taliban to regain control and form a new government in the country. The recurrent pattern of intervention and the subsequent return of the Taliban highlights a failure of the liberal project, which is a significant concern addressed in this article as the main question: Why has liberal intervention failed in Afghanistan? The answer lies in deconstructing the hegemonic discourse of “modern” Afghan to understand how it was resisted and replaced by the alternative discourse of “tradition,” subsequently, leading to the failure of the liberal project. The “modern” discourse, rooted in the US social context, aimed to civilise the perceived primitive and traditional Afghans. Conversely, the Taliban, drawing upon the Afghan social context, contested the “modern” discourse with an alternative discourse of “tradition” portraying liberals and their supporters as “occupiers” and “oppressors,” thus, justifying their armed resistance (jihad) against occupying forces. Framed within a critical social constructivism, the text, interviews, speeches, and statements of prominent Taliban leaders and the US presidents, apprise how specific identities have been employed to naturalise the “modern” discourse as justification for intervention. Critical discourse analysis explicates how the “tradition” discourse denaturalised the former and, subsequently, facilitated the establishment of the Taliban’s power in Afghanistan.","PeriodicalId":51598,"journal":{"name":"Politics and Governance","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138945062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Continuous Militarization as a Mode of Governance of Indigenous People in the Russian Arctic 持续军事化是俄罗斯北极地区土著人民的一种治理模式

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Politics and Governance Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.17645/pag.7505

Vladislava Vladimirova

{"title":"Continuous Militarization as a Mode of Governance of Indigenous People in the Russian Arctic","authors":"Vladislava Vladimirova","doi":"10.17645/pag.7505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.7505","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes ethnographic data that shows long-term militarization forms a significant part of state governance of the population and environment in the Arctic. Kola Peninsula, the study region, is a borderland with the West and has since the 1950s been a heavily militarized area. Applying insights from research on militarization, subjectivities, materiality, borders, and regionalism in autocratic regimes, I show how militarization shapes the environment and the lives of Indigenous reindeer herders. Despite discourses of demilitarization in the 1990s, Kola Peninsula did not move away from militarization as part of governance. The article explores what I call continuous militarization by engaging with two phenomena: (a) fencing off territories for military use and infrastructure, and (b) nuclear pollution. It discusses the interrelations of materiality and knowledge in maintaining Indigenous subjectivities and culture in line with the objectives of militarization, and shows how Russia uses participation in the Barents Euro-Arctic Region to support the objectives of militarization and justify them to the local population. The article finds that militarization is employed by the authorities to solidify the current autocratic regime among residents in the Arctic.","PeriodicalId":51598,"journal":{"name":"Politics and Governance","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138945308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Russia’s Security Perceptions and Arctic Governance 俄罗斯的安全观念与北极治理

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Politics and Governance Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.17645/pag.7313

Angela Borozna

引用次数: 0

The Impact of Multilevel Governmental Policy on Rural Catalonia: Voices From the Grassroots 多层次政府政策对加泰罗尼亚农村地区的影响：来自基层的声音

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Politics and Governance Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.17645/pag.7450

Omeed Agahi, Maria Isabel Pell Dempere, J. Feu, Eduard Carrera, Òscar Prieto-Flores

{"title":"The Impact of Multilevel Governmental Policy on Rural Catalonia: Voices From the Grassroots","authors":"Omeed Agahi, Maria Isabel Pell Dempere, J. Feu, Eduard Carrera, Òscar Prieto-Flores","doi":"10.17645/pag.7450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.7450","url":null,"abstract":"One decade on from the launch of the European Youth Guarantee Initiative, there is still limited research into its efficacy in rural areas. In Spain, a country with significant urban-rural disparity, the complexity of the governmental structure across the country has made investigations into the effectiveness of youth employment strategies less common as compared with other European states. Our study analyses the meso-level structure of the Spanish government and how the Public Employment Services (PES) factor into the overall process of disseminating active labour market policies across the country. The study is based in the autonomous community of Catalonia and includes a case study in the region of Lleida. Through open-ended interviews with members at different levels of the local PES, including the director and various other staff, as well as with local policymakers, youth workers in local organisations, and the youth themselves, we aim to shed light on how the Youth Guarantee is being implemented on the ground. This will take into account the structural constraints, needs, and challenges under the new law as expressed by the various stakeholders. The results indicate that both youth and local PES are negatively impacted by some centralised aspects of employment policy, such as the stringent requirements for training courses that prove prohibitive for rural areas, as well as the urban-centric design of training courses. Further, the youth collectively express a strong desire for their voice to find expression in the design of active labour market policies.","PeriodicalId":51598,"journal":{"name":"Politics and Governance","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139207443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Subjective Well‐Being of NEETs and Employability: A Study of Non‐Urban Youths in Spain, Italy, and Portugal 双待青少年的主观幸福感与就业能力：西班牙、意大利和葡萄牙非城市青年研究

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Politics and Governance Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.17645/pag.7415

Paolo Mazzocchi, Omeed Agahi, Mai Beilmann, Leonor Bettencourt, Rūta Brazienė, Natalia Edisherashvili, Dilyana Keranova, Elena Marta, Valentina Milenkova, Niall O'Higgins, Federica Pizzolante, Òscar Prieto-Flores, Antonella Rocca, Ricardo Borges Rodrigues, Miriam Rosa, Francisco Simões, Borislav Yurukov

{"title":"Subjective Well‐Being of NEETs and Employability: A Study of Non‐Urban Youths in Spain, Italy, and Portugal","authors":"Paolo Mazzocchi, Omeed Agahi, Mai Beilmann, Leonor Bettencourt, Rūta Brazienė, Natalia Edisherashvili, Dilyana Keranova, Elena Marta, Valentina Milenkova, Niall O'Higgins, Federica Pizzolante, Òscar Prieto-Flores, Antonella Rocca, Ricardo Borges Rodrigues, Miriam Rosa, Francisco Simões, Borislav Yurukov","doi":"10.17645/pag.7415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.7415","url":null,"abstract":"Subjective well-being is of paramount importance when support is offered to young individuals seeking employment and social inclusion in general. The present study looks at different dimensions of youth well-being and the growing demands for skills to enable labour market integration. Based on survey data, this article examines the relationships between the role of public employment services in providing support and their impact on the subjective well-being of youth. Specifically, 1,275 not in education, employment, or training (NEET) rural youths from Italy, Portugal, and Spain participated in the survey. Drawing upon Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model, the current study sets up a model which includes different factors at the micro-, meso-, exo-, and macro-system levels. The results show that non-urban NEETs’ subjective well-being is associated positively with public employment services availability, while the relationship with public employment services interaction and public employment services support is non-significant. A positive and significant relationship emerged also with self-efficacy and social support. Some recommendations for policymakers are discussed.","PeriodicalId":51598,"journal":{"name":"Politics and Governance","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139208029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Russia's Clashing Ambitions: Arctic Status Quo and World‐Order Revision 俄罗斯的冲突野心：北极现状与世界秩序调整

IF 2.2 3区社会学

Politics and Governance Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.17645/pag.7311

Torbjørn Pedersen, Beate Steinveg

引用次数: 0