Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging最新文献

{"title":"Chronic Noninfectious Osteomyelitis: A Review of Imaging Findings.","authors":"Stuti Chandola, Narendra Bagri, Savvas Andronikou, A V Ramanan, Manisha Jana","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1790238","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1790238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic noninfectious osteomyelitis or chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO), also known as chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis, is an autoinflammatory bone disorder primarily affecting the pediatric age group. Currently, it is diagnosed on the basis of clinical, laboratory, and imaging features. Imaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and follow-up of CNO with whole body magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI) being the main modality. Radiographs assist in exclusion of common differential diagnoses like infections and malignancy. WBMRI aids in disease detection and exclusion of differential diagnoses, identifies additional lesions, and has a role in ascertaining the pattern of bony involvement which helps with prognostication and grading. Recent recognition of specific morphological and distribution patterns on WBMRI is increasingly allowing an upfront diagnosis of this entity to be made on imaging alone. It is also helpful for assessment of response to therapy during follow-up. This review aims to summarize the role of imaging in the evaluation of CNO, with special emphasis on WBMRI in its assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":51597,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging","volume":"35 1","pages":"109-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11651854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142856647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score with Clinico-Radiological Grading.","authors":"Amul M Halmandge, Rajesh Malik, Radha Sarawagi, Jitendra Sharma","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1789230","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1789230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>  Knee joint osteoarthritis (OA) is among the most prevalent degenerative diseases of the joints in the body. Various scoring system exists for grading OA, such as (1) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Osteoarthritis Knee Score (MOAKS), (2) clinical grading by Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), and (3) X-ray grading of the Kellgren-Lawrence grading system (K-L). <b>Objectives</b>  To study MRI findings and MOAKS scoring of knee OA and correlation with WOMAC and K-L scoring. <b>Setting and Design</b>  Cross-sectional study in hospital population. <b>Materials and Methods</b>  A total 40 knee OA cases underwent an MRI of the knee. MOAKS scoring was done and compared with K-L grading and WOMAC scores. <b>Statistical Analysis</b>  Collected data were compiled systematically and interpreted using IBM SPSS statistics software 25.0. A <i>p</i> -value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. <b>Results</b>  The mean total WOMAC score was 9. K-L grade 2 was the most prevalent X-ray grade. Bone marrow lesion (BML) and cartilage loss in MOAKS score were greater in the medial femorotibial region. A moderate positive correlation was noted between the WOMAC score and K-L grade; full-thickness articular cartilage loss score at the medial femorotibial joint (MFTJ) and WOMAC score; partial-thickness articular cartilage loss score at lateral femorotibial joint (LFTJ) and WOMAC total pain score. No correlation was found between BML and pain severity score. <b>Conclusion</b> Higher WOMAC scores were associated with higher grades of K-L scoring and score of cartilage loss (partial and full thickness) of the MOAKS scoring system. The rest of the features of the MOAKS score (BML score, osteophyte, and synovitis) had no significant association with pain severity and K-L grading.</p>","PeriodicalId":51597,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging","volume":"35 1","pages":"73-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11651822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142856073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ghost Sign on Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Generated Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Map: Additional MRI Diagnostic Marker for Extremity Osteomyelitis.","authors":"Angela He, Mina Guirguis, Flavio Duarte Silva, Oganes Ashikyan, Parham Pezeshk, Naveen Rajamohan, Karim Salhadar, Yin Xi, Avneesh Chhabra","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1789231","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1789231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective</b>  The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity and inter-reader reliability of previously known \"ghost sign\" and \"penumbra sign\" on T1-weighted (T1W) imaging and \"ghost sign\" on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map in osteomyelitis (OM) of the extremities. <b>Materials and Methods</b>  In this cross-sectional retrospective study, two fellowship-trained musculoskeletal readers blinded to final diagnosis of OM versus no OM were asked to report the penumbra sign and ghost sign on T1W images and ghost sign on ADC map, as well as diagnosis of OM. Cohen's kappa was used. Diagnostic performance measures including sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated. <b>Results</b>  A sample of 178 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of pathology-proven cases were included in this study, with 41 being positive for OM and 137 being negative for OM. There was a fair inter-reader agreement for imaging signs, and moderate agreement of 0.60 for OM. The sensitivities of the penumbra sign on T1W imaging, ghost sign on T1W imaging, and ghost sign on ADC map for OM are 3.7, 9.8, and 19.5%, respectively, while their respective specificities are 98.9, 97.8, and 94.5%, respectively. All three imaging signs showed a similar (good) accuracy of 76 to 78%. <b>Conclusion</b>  The ghost sign on ADC can be used as an additional marker for OM and is a similarly highly specific but a more sensitive sign for OM than the conventionally used penumbra sign and ghost sign on T1W imaging. <b>Key Points</b> The ghost sign on ADC can be used as a helpful indicator of osteomyelitis.Across two fellowship-trained musculoskeletal readers, there was a fair inter-reader agreement for imaging signs and moderate agreement for OM.The ghost sign on ADC is a similarly highly specific but a more sensitive sign for osteomyelitis than the conventionally used penumbra sign and ghost sign on T1W imaging. All three imaging signs showed a similar (good) accuracy of 76 to 78%.</p>","PeriodicalId":51597,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging","volume":"35 1","pages":"81-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11651819/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142856439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Giant Cystic Pneumocytoma in a Young Male: Rare Diagnostic Conundrum with Clinicoradiological and Histopathological Features.","authors":"Manphool Singhal, Nishita Yadav, Pavithra Subramanian, Harkant Singh, Amanjit Bal, Arun Sharma","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1789244","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1789244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma is a rare benign neoplasm typically seen in middle-aged women. The exact preoperative diagnosis is quite challenging considering its nonspecific clinical and radiologic features along with complex histology. Moreover, obtaining an exact histopathological diagnosis can be difficult especially with the small biopsy specimens. Most patients are generally asymptomatic with incidental detection of peripheral, homogenous, solitary pulmonary nodule. It is essential to differentiate it from other mimickers including malignant lesions as limited surgical resection is curative in these cases without adjuvant therapy. We present a rare giant cystic variant of pneumocytoma, in a young male, which was initially mimicking inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor even on preoperative histology.</p>","PeriodicalId":51597,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging","volume":"35 1","pages":"192-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11651875/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142856445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiographs in Pediatric Rheumatology: Where Do We Stand?","authors":"Deeksha Bhalla, Manisha Jana, Narendra Bagri","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1789232","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1789232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rheumatic disorders in children include inflammatory arthritis, inflammatory bone disorders such as chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO), connective tissue disorders, and vasculitides (juvenile dermatomyositis, scleroderma). The diagnosis in these children is based on a combination of history, clinical examination, and laboratory investigations. Radiographs play an important role in children with arthritis, who have atypical presentation or for assessment of disease-related damage and differentiation from mimics. Further, radiographs also have an ancillary role in the assessment of musculoskeletal disorders such as dermatomyositis and hemophilia. This review seeks to present a detailed analysis of the specific indications and advantages of radiographs in the situations. Further, a structured reporting format for assessment of radiographs in pediatric rheumatic disorders has also been presented for the reader's reference.</p>","PeriodicalId":51597,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging","volume":"35 1","pages":"99-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11651862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142856641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Painful Os Peroneum Syndrome Secondary to Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease.","authors":"Shashank Chapala, Vijay Ram Kumar Papineni, Asad Rabbani Shah, Moez Ballal, Karthikeyan P Iyengar, Rajesh Botchu","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1789190","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1789190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Painful os peroneum syndrome (POPS) is one of the uncommon causes of lateral foot pain in orthopaedic practice. POPS encompasses a spectrum of pathologies such as an acute or a chronic fracture, peroneus longus tenosynovitis, and attrition or partial rupture of the peroneus longus tendon. Herein, we reported the first case of POPS secondary to hydroxyapatite deposition disease in a 32-year-old female patient. The clinical presentation, the role of radiological interventions, particularly ultrasound-guided barbotage in its diagnosis and effective management, is highlighted.</p>","PeriodicalId":51597,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging","volume":"35 1","pages":"188-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11651840/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142856637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiphasic Computed Tomography Enhancement Characteristics and Utility of Delayed Phase in Infiltrative Hepatocellular Carcinoma.","authors":"Tarvinder Singh, Nandita Mehta, Pankaj Gupta, Ajay Gulati, Mudita Gulati, Naveen Kalra, Madhumita Premkumar, Sunil Taneja, Vaneet Jearth, Vishal Sharma, Ajay Duseja","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1789191","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1789191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective</b>  The aims of this study are to compare the multiphasic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) characteristics of infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with nodular HCC and to assess the conspicuity of infiltrative HCC on different phases of CECT. <b>Materials and Methods</b>  This retrospective study comprised consecutive treatment-naive cirrhotic patients diagnosed with infiltrative and nodular HCC between January 2020 and December 2021 based on a multiphasic CECT (comprising arterial, portal venous, and delayed phases). The diagnosis of HCC was based on the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) v2018 criteria (LR-4 and LR-5 lesions). Infiltrative HCCs are characterized by large, irregular, permeative lesions spread over multiple liver segments or lobes. Nodular HCCs comprise well-defined tumor nodules. Two radiologists independently reviewed all CT images. Additionally, lesion conspicuity on the arterial, portal venous, and delayed phases was assessed. <b>Results</b>  One hundred fifty-eight patients (117 nodular and 41 infiltrative HCCs; mean age: 55.6 ± 17.2 years; 90 [56.9%] males) were included. Arterial phase hyperenhancement, portal venous/delayed phase washout, and delayed phase enhancing capsule were significantly associated with nodular HCCs ( <i>p</i>  = 0.002, 0.0001, and <0.0001, respectively). Portal vein, hepatic vein thrombosis, biliary dilatation, and ascites were significantly associated with infiltrative HCCs ( <i>p</i>  < 0.0001, 0.004, <0.0001, and 0.003, respectively). The interobserver agreement for the conspicuity of infiltrative HCC was the highest for the delayed phase (weighted kappa = 0.611). <b>Conclusion</b>  Infiltrative HCCs show the major LI-RADS features less frequently compared with nodular HCCs, and venous thrombosis is an important clue to the diagnosis. The delayed phase of multiphasic CECT is critical to identifying these lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":51597,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging","volume":"35 1","pages":"67-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11651847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142856460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Full-Field Digital Mammography with Synthesized Mammography from Tomosynthesis in a Diagnostic population: Prospective Study.","authors":"Ekta Dhamija, Supraja Laguduva Mohan, Roshni Anand, Maroof Ahmad Khan, Sankaravamsam Venkata Suryanarayana Deo, Smriti Hari","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1788606","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1788606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>  Synthesized mammography (SM) refers to two-dimensional (2D) images derived from the digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) data. It can reduce the radiation dose and scan duration when compared with conventional full-field digital mammography (FFDM) plus tomosynthesis. <b>Purpose</b>  To compare the diagnostic performance of 2D FFDM with synthetic mammograms obtained from DBT in a diagnostic population. <b>Materials and Methods</b>  A total of 1,468 mammograms with both FFDM and SM + DBT images were obtained and analyzed over 2 years, after obtaining approval from the institute ethics committee. The images were reported and compared as per the 2013 American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) lexicon in terms of breast density, morphological features of mass, calcifications, and presence of asymmetry or architectural distortion followed by the BI-RADS category. The agreement between the two modalities was studied using the Kappa value, and the radiation exposure dose was recorded in both groups. <b>Results</b>  FFDM and SM + DBT showed strong agreement for breast density, mass characteristics, and detection of calcifications (kappa > 0.8). Downstaging of breast density and mass density were seen by SM + DBT without any statistically significant difference. The nipple-areola complex visualization was poor in SM (50.34 vs. 76.29% in FFDM), and there were SM-specific artifacts mainly related to the reconstruction algorithm. The radiation dose was higher with SM. <b>Conclusion</b>  FFDM has comparable performance to SM + DBT in diagnostic setup. The latter may be particularly helpful in patients with dense breasts.</p>","PeriodicalId":51597,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging","volume":"35 1","pages":"25-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11651816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142856072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Magnetic Resonance Sequence for Assessment of Central Cartilage Tumor Scalloping.","authors":"Kapil K Shirodkar, Nathan Jenko, Christine Azzopardi, Jennifer Murphy, Anish Patel, Steven L James, Arthur Mark Davies, Rajesh Botchu","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1788607","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1788607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>  Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is key in evaluating central cartilage tumors. The BACTIP (Birmingham Atypical Cartilaginous Tumour Imaging Protocol) protocol assesses central cartilage tumor risk based on the tumor size and degree of endosteal scalloping on MRI. It provides a management protocol for assessment, follow-up, or referral of central cartilage tumors. <b>Objectives</b>  Our study compared four MRI sequences: T1-weighted (T1-w), fluid sensitive (Short Tau Inversion Recovery (STIR)- weighted, STIR-w), and grayscale inversions (T1-w GSI and short tau inversion recovery [STIR] GSI) to see how reliably endosteal scalloping was detected. <b>Materials and Methods</b>  Two senior consultant musculoskeletal radiologists with experience reviewed randomly selected 60 representative central cartilage tumor cases with varying degree of endosteal scalloping to reflect a spectrum of BACTIP pathologies. The endosteal scalloping was graded as per the definition of BACTIP A, B, and C. They agreed on a consensus BACTIP grade for each of the 240 key images (60 cases × 4 sequences), which was considered the final \"consensus\" BACTIP grade. These 240 images were then randomized into a test set and given to two fellowship-trained consultant musculoskeletal radiologists for analysis. They assigned a BACTIP grade to each of the 240 selected images while being blinded to the final \"consensus\" BACTIP grade. The training set was further subdivided into three groups based on the MR image quality (good quality, average quality, and poor quality) to ascertain if the quality of the acquired images influenced intraobserver and interobserver agreements on the BACTIP grading. The two observers were blinded to the grade assigned to the image quality. <b>Results</b>  Linearly weighted kappa analysis was performed to measure the agreement between the BACTIP grading answers by two observers and the \"consensus\" BACTIP grading answers, as well as the BACTIP grading agreement between the two observers themselves. The analysis revealed that T1-w and STIR-w sequences demonstrated more consistent and higher agreement across different image qualities. However, the T1-w GSI and STIR-w GSI sequences exhibited lower agreement, particularly for poor-quality images. T1-w imaging demonstrated substantial agreement between BACTIP gradings for poor-quality images, suggesting potential resilience of T1-w sequence in challenging imaging conditions. <b>Conclusion</b>  T1-w imaging is the best sequence for BACTIP grading of endosteal scalloping, followed by fluid-sensitive STIR sequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":51597,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging","volume":"35 1","pages":"59-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11651851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142856399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Articular Disc Using the Magnetic Resonance Cartigram in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Temporomandibular Disorders.","authors":"Aparna Sivakumar, Anuradha Ganesan, Krithika Chandrasekar Lakshmi, Yesoda Aniyan, Saravanan Kannan","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1788608","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1788608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives</b>  The study is aimed to perform magnetic resonance (MR) cartigram of the articular disc in patients with asymptomatic and symptomatic temporomandibular disorders (TMD). <b>Materials and Methods</b>  Thirty-nine volunteers were divided into three groups: 16 symptomatic TMD, 16 asymptomatic TMD, and 7 controls. The articular disc was divided into three segments (anterior, middle, and posterior) and analyzed using morphological magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and T2 mapping sequences. T2 relaxation values were measured and assessed by an experienced radiologist and two observers. The T2 values in the discs were compared between the control, asymptomatic, and symptomatic groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The right and left discs were compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Inter-examiner reliability among different examiners was evaluated. <b>Results</b>  The controls had the highest T2 values compared with the other groups. The comparison among the right and left sides of all the groups revealed statistically significant results in the anterior portion in the asymptomatic group and the middle portion in the symptomatic group ( <i>p</i>  < 0.05). The inter-examiner reliability coefficients among the three examiners were consistently high, with values of 0.921, 0.920, and 0.930. <b>Conclusion</b>  Our study found the T2 relaxation time span was shorter than that reported in previous studies, which could be attributed to the early stage of cartilage deterioration in the individuals with TMD inferring treatment at this phase may be eventually effective with a good prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":51597,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging","volume":"35 1","pages":"50-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11651835/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142856259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}