Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease最新文献

{"title":"Utility of chest ultrasound in the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the critical care unit of a tertiary care center: a prospective observational study.","authors":"Avinash Babu, Aditi Joshi, Amartya Chakraborti, Pradeep Bajad, Ramniwas Jalendra, Nishant Chauhan, Naveen Dutt","doi":"10.4081/monaldi.2025.2974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2025.2974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a type of nosocomial pneumonia developing in patients who are mechanically ventilated for ≥48 hours. Lung ultrasound (LUS) has been shown to be useful in evaluating various pathologic pulmonary conditions. We aimed to study the utility of chest ultrasound in the diagnosis of VAP in a critical care unit. This was a monocentric, prospective observational study carried out in the intensive care unit (ICU) of our institution. On clinical suspicion of VAP, patients were subjected to ultrasound chest (lung) examination, which was done in a supine position in six areas of each hemithorax on the same day, and endotracheal aspirate (ETA) for gram stain and aerobic culture was sent within 6 hours. The final diagnosis of VAP was made when ETA culture was positive (>105 CFU/mL). Days of mechanical ventilation, ICU stay, hospital stay, and mortality were separately recorded for monitoring outcomes. Diagnostic performance of risk factors for VAP was analyzed by parameters like sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and likelihood ratio (positive and negative). Concerning LUS signs, subpleural consolidations >2 had a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 63% with an odds ratio of 51.43 in predicting VAP. Dynamic air bronchogram within consolidation was seen in 45% of patients with a sensitivity and specificity of 29% and 73%, respectively. A clinical LUS score >2 had a sensitivity of 100% in predicting VAP. LUS is a robust diagnostic tool with high sensitivity for diagnosing VAP. Clinical trials are needed to study whether LUS can be used as a tool for early diagnosis of VAP, which will help in the timely introduction of antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":51593,"journal":{"name":"Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144053296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time to sputum culture conversion as a predictor of cure in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients: a multicenter retrospective cohort study in Pakistan.","authors":"Abdul Wahid, Nafees Ahmad, Fahad Saleem, Amjad Khan, Asad Khan, Faiz Ullah Khan, Farman Ullah Khan","doi":"10.4081/monaldi.2025.3200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2025.3200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate how the time to sputum culture conversion (SCC) predicts cure and to identify factors associated with delayed SCC and cure among multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients receiving longer treatment regimens of 18-24 months. This multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted at eight programmatic management units. A total of 462 patients with confirmed pulmonary MDR-TB were enrolled at eight PMDT sites between January 2017 and August 2018 with available treatment outcomes till 30th June, 2020. Survival analysis was done using the Kaplan-Meier curve, and Cox proportional hazards model and binary logistic regression were performed to determine factors associated with time to SCC and cure. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. A total of 424/462 (91.8%) patients achieved SCC, with a cure rate of 75.5%. The mean time to SCC was 2.4 months (interquartile range = 1-3 months). Factors such as employment [hazard ratio (HR)=0.654, p=0.001], sputum smear grading score +2+3 (HR = 0.638, p=0.014), resistance to first-line drugs HREZ (HR=0.716, p=0.014), and resistance to second-line drugs, fluoroquinolones (HR=0.698, p≤0.001) were significantly associated with SCC. In the current study, the cure rate was 75.5% (349/462). In the binary logistic regression, month 1 [odds ratio (OR)=2.601, p≤0.001), month 2 (OR=3.14, p≤0.001), month 3 (OR=5.219, p≤0.001), month 4 (OR=6.788, p≤0.001), month 5 (OR=21.512, p≤0.001), and month 6 (OR=31.806, p≤0.001) had a statistically significant association with cure. In predicting cure, the overall sensitivities of SCC at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months were 37.2%, 64.1%, 85.9%, 91.1%, 97.4%, and 98.2%, respectively, and the specificities were 81.4%, 63.7%, 46.0%, 39.8%, 36.2%, and 35.3%, respectively. Interestingly, the combined sensitivity and specificity of SCC at 3 and 4 months in predicting cure were similar to those observed at 5 and 6 months.</p>","PeriodicalId":51593,"journal":{"name":"Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism on susceptibility to tuberculosis infection in Indonesia.","authors":"Ismail Ismail, Ratnawati Ratnawati, Yulianto Machmud, Harliani Harliani","doi":"10.4081/monaldi.2025.3329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2025.3329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in various ethnic groups in Indonesia. The study involved 267 participants divided into three groups: 99 healthy controls, 80 individuals with latent tuberculosis, and 88 with active tuberculosis. Four VDR polymorphisms (FokI, ApaI, BsmI, and TaqI) were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. The research comprehensively analyzes sociodemographic and genetic factors associated with PTB in Indonesia, focusing on three ethnic groups-Makassar, Bugis, and Toraja. Sociodemographic data (n=267) revealed a mean age of 34.43±11.81 years, with a higher prevalence of males (55.4%) and significant associations between PTB status and education level (p=0.006). Smoking was notably higher among active PTB patients (48.9%), emphasizing behavioral influences on disease prevalence. The genetic study (n=88 PTB, n=179 controls) highlighted significant associations of VDR gene polymorphisms with PTB. Specifically, the FokI CC genotype (p=0.014) and C allele (p<0.001) were more frequent in PTB patients, alongside the ApaI GT genotype (p<0.001) and BsmI GG genotype (p<0.001). The findings emphasize the multifactorial nature of PTB susceptibility, highlighting the roles of genetic variations, particularly in the VDR gene, and sociodemographic factors in influencing PTB risk in Indonesian populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":51593,"journal":{"name":"Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144060582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac arrhythmia following acute myocardial infarction: a retrospective analysis of 27,648 hospitalized patients in a tertiary heart hospital.","authors":"Nidal Asaad, Ayman El-Menyar, Rajvir Singh, Betsy Varughese, Shahul Hameed Khan, Hajar AlBinali, Jassim Al Suwaidi","doi":"10.4081/monaldi.2025.3286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2025.3286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arrhythmia frequently complicates acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and contributes to high morbidity and mortality. We aimed to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and impact of cardiac arrhythmias in AMI patients at a tertiary heart hospital. This retrospective observational study included AMI patients who were admitted between January 1991 and May 2022. Patients' data were analyzed and compared according to the absence or presence of cardiac arrhythmias post-AMI. We hypothesized that arrhythmias are associated with higher mortality following AMI. During the study, 27,648 patients were hospitalized with AMI, of whom 2118 (7.7%) developed arrhythmia. Patients who developed arrhythmia had a higher average age compared to those without arrhythmia (57.2 vs. 54.8 years, p=0.001), and a larger proportion were male compared to female patients (85.2% vs. 14.8%, p=0.001). Atrial fibrillation was observed in 383 patients (18.1%). Ventricular tachycardia was found in 461 (21.8%), and ventricular fibrillation occurred in 526 patients (24.8%). Complete heart block was developed in 286 (13.5%) patients, 1st-degree atrioventricular (AV) block in 36 (1.7%), 2nd-degree AV block in 138 (6.5%), left bundle branch block in 81 (3.8%), and right bundle branch block in 118 (5.6%). The rate of β-blocker use has increased in the arrhythmias group at discharge compared to the on-admission rate (55.7% vs. 32.5%). However, it remained sub-optimal. Arrhythmias were associated with longer hospital stays and five times higher hospital mortality than the non-arrhythmia group. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that arrhythmia was associated with increased mortality risk three times following AMI (adjusted odds ratio 3.01; 95% confidence interval 2.42-3.75, p=0.001). Almost one-tenth of patients hospitalized with AMI in Qatar developed arrhythmia with variable outcomes; however, the in-hospital mortality remained high. Addressing the risk factors and optimizing the prevention and treatment of AMI and arrhythmias is crucial to improving clinical outcomes. This study may underestimate the incidence of arrhythmias post-AMI as it did not report all types.</p>","PeriodicalId":51593,"journal":{"name":"Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of patient counseling on medication adherence in respiratory tract infection patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital.","authors":"Sai Phalguna Prakash Chitralu, Princy Domnic Dsouza, Chandrashekhar Mallikarjun Patil, Sanatkumar Bharamu Nyamagoud, Vinod Ashok Koujalagi, Agadi Hiremath Viswanatha Swamy","doi":"10.4081/monaldi.2025.3336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2025.3336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) significantly impact public health in India, with high morbidity and mortality rates. Effective management of RTIs relies on medication adherence (MA), which is often challenged by factors like forgetfulness, side effects, and socioeconomic barriers. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of patient counseling on MA among RTI patients and to assess the influence of demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors on adherence. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at Vivekananda General Hospital Hubballi, India, from August 2023 to January 2024, involving 200 RTI patients. MA was measured using the Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS) before and after patient counseling. Statistical analysis assessed the effect of age, gender, comorbidities, and socioeconomic status on adherence. MA significantly improved following patient counseling, with mean MARS scores increasing from 4.13±1.601 to 6.80±1.592 (p<0.05). Age was positively correlated with adherence, while factors like gender, infection type, and socioeconomic status had varied effects. Overall, patient counseling effectively enhanced adherence across all groups. The study underscores the importance of patient counseling in improving MA among RTI patients. Personalized interventions and addressing socioeconomic barriers are crucial for optimizing treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":51593,"journal":{"name":"Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rheumatic conditions associated with interstitial lung diseases: real-world outcomes in a secondary care setting.","authors":"Alex Francioni, Muhammad K Nisar, Natasha Ramsundar, Vijay Joshi, Judeson Gnanapragasam","doi":"10.4081/monaldi.2025.3073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2025.3073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Management of rheumatic conditions associated with interstitial lung disease (r-ILD) requires expertise, often occurring in tertiary referral centers. We set up a combined rheumatology and respiratory service in a district general hospital (DGH) to avoid long patient journeys and improve experience. We evaluated the outcomes of 104 patients managed in this pilot service model. Referrals were triaged in monthly ILD multidisciplinary team meetings, and appropriate patients were booked into the clinic. All data were recorded electronically with full access to demographics, disease parameters, investigations, and drug management. Of the patients who attended follow-up, 51 (51%) had stable or improved symptoms, 58 (67%) had stable or improved computed tomography imaging, 50 (78%) had stable or improved forced vital capacity, and 40 (77%) had stable or improved diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide. There were similar improvements in 6-minute walk tests. A total of 27 patients died, with 33% of these deemed as a direct result of their ILD. Our report confirms that r-ILD can be successfully managed in a DGH setting, with a large cohort obtaining good comparable clinical outcomes. We show that r-ILD services can be established locally to help overstretched tertiary care while developing local expertise in the management of r-ILD.</p>","PeriodicalId":51593,"journal":{"name":"Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144059776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of diaphragmatic thickness as a predictor for intubation in pneumonia patients.","authors":"Elzahraa Wagdy Abdelfatah, Salwa Hussein Abdelmoneim, Hend Yahia Zakaria, Fatmaalzahraa Saad Abdalrazik","doi":"10.4081/monaldi.2025.3252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2025.3252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pneumonia, one of the major contributors to morbidity and mortality globally, often leads to serious complications such as respiratory failure. Diaphragmatic dysfunction, detected through ultrasound, may predict the need for intubation in patients with pneumonia. This study aimed to evaluate the roles of diaphragmatic thickness fraction (DTF) and diaphragmatic excursion (DE) as predictors of intubation in pneumonia patients. This follow-up cohort study involved 53 participants diagnosed with pneumonia. Diaphragmatic ultrasonography was performed to measure DTF and DE within 24 hours of admission. The mean age of the patients was 51.8±20.4 years, with 66% being male. Diabetes mellitus (DM) (p=0.000) and hypertension (HTN) (p=0.003) were significantly associated with the need for intubation. DE was significantly correlated with intubation (p=0.001). At a cut-off of 2.9 cm, DE demonstrated 100% sensitivity and 56% specificity for predicting intubation. DTF exhibited 92% sensitivity and 60% specificity at a cut-off of 0.52, with a positive predictive value of 85% and a negative predictive value of 54%. Diaphragmatic parameters, particularly DE and DTF, are significant predictors of intubation in pneumonia patients. Comorbidities such as DM and HTN also play a critical role, underscoring the importance of early identification of high-risk patients for timely intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":51593,"journal":{"name":"Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medication adherence and its effect on health-related quality of life in respiratory tract infection patients using the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire and the Medication Adherence Report Scale.","authors":"Sanatkumar Bharamu Nyamagoud, Sai Phalguna Prakash Chitralu, Princy Domnic Dsouza, Chandrashekhar Mallikarjun Patil, Vinod Ashok Koujalagi, Agadi Hiremath Viswanatha Swamy","doi":"10.4081/monaldi.2025.3338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2025.3338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are common and pose significant health challenges, particularly in economically disadvantaged regions. Medication adherence is believed to influence patient quality of life (QoL), but the extent of this impact remains unclear. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Vivekananda General Hospital, Hubballi, India, from August 2023 to January 2024 to assess the relationship between medication adherence and QoL in RTI patients. This study involved 200 patients from the pulmonology department. Medication adherence was evaluated using the Medication Adherence Report Scale, while QoL was assessed with the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). A two-way analysis of variance was performed to examine associations between adherence and QoL scores. No significant correlation was found between medication adherence and QoL. SGRQ total, symptoms, activity, and impact scores did not differ significantly between less adherent and highly adherent patients (p: 0.570-0.944). Medication adherence alone may not significantly affect QoL in RTI patients. Other factors, including disease severity, medication efficacy, comorbidities, and socioeconomic conditions, might have a greater influence. Further research is needed to explore these determinants and develop strategies to improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":51593,"journal":{"name":"Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The diagnostic value of inflammatory biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of influenza B in adults.","authors":"Ayshan Mammadova, Gunel Jeyranova","doi":"10.4081/monaldi.2025.3296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2025.3296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Influenza can lead to various complications if not promptly diagnosed and treated. This study aims to assess the predictive value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), which are derived from routine blood parameters, in diagnosing influenza infection in adults. This study included 130 patients diagnosed with and treated for influenza B from 2022 to 2024. The control group comprised 130 healthy individuals. Influenza B diagnosis was confirmed using rapid antigen kits, and complete blood counts were analyzed via spectrophotometric/impedance methods, with statistical evaluation applied to the results. Among the 130 patients included, 55.3% (n=72) were male. Patients were categorized into two groups: those treated on an outpatient basis and those hospitalized. NLR, PLR, and SIRI values were significantly higher in hospitalized patients than in outpatients (p<0.001 for all parameters). In patients diagnosed with influenza B, NLR [6.11 (1.76-17.15)], PLR [266.66 (138.20-914.28)], and SIRI [3.56 (0.82-10.11)] values were significantly elevated compared to the control group [NLR 1.63 (0.45-2.22); PLR 99.21 (61.84-169.37); SIRI 0.73 (0.45-1.48)] (p<0.001 for all comparisons). The NLR threshold was set at 2.36, achieving 96.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity (p<0.001). The PLR threshold was 153.41 [area under the curve (AUC)=0.988, sensitivity: 93.3%, specificity: 92.9%, p<0.001], and the SIRI threshold was 1.36 (AUC=0.977, sensitivity: 93.1%, specificity: 92.9%, p<0.001), confirming the diagnostic relevance of these parameters. This study demonstrates that NLR, PLR, and SIRI, which are non-invasive, cost-effective, simple, and reproducible biomarkers, provide strong prognostic value in diagnosing and managing adult patients with influenza B, particularly in cases requiring hospitalization.</p>","PeriodicalId":51593,"journal":{"name":"Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of tobacco consumption among pulmonary tuberculosis patients and its correlation with tuberculosis incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis in the Indian context.","authors":"Aninda Debnath, Ravindra Nath, Anubhav Mondal, Pankaj Chandrabhan Nathe, Jugal Kishore, Pranav Ish, Vidushi Rathi, Jagdish Kaur","doi":"10.4081/monaldi.2025.3324","DOIUrl":"10.4081/monaldi.2025.3324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis (TB) and tobacco use are two intertwined public health challenges that significantly impact low- and middle-income countries, particularly India, which bears the highest global TB burden. Tobacco use exacerbates TB risk, progression, and treatment outcomes. Despite the established association, research on the prevalence of smoking and smokeless tobacco (SLT) use among pulmonary TB (PTB) patients in India remains limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to estimate the prevalence of smoking and SLT use among PTB patients in India and evaluate the association between tobacco consumption and TB incidence and treatment outcomes. A systematic search was conducted across four databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus) for studies published up to September 30, 2024, adhering to PRISMA guidelines. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated using random-effects models, and subgroup analyses examined variations by gender and treatment stage. Odds ratios (ORs) were used to assess the association between smoking and PTB. Sensitivity analyses and Egger's test were conducted to evaluate heterogeneity and publication bias. A total of 27 studies (n=9593 subjects) were included. The pooled prevalence of smoking among PTB patients was 31% [95% confidence interval (CI): 25-36%], while SLT use was 19% (95% CI: 13-26%). PTB patients were 2.5 times more likely to be smokers than non-TB controls (OR=2.51, 95% CI: 1.36-4.62). Smoking prevalence was highest among newly diagnosed patients (42%) and predominantly observed among males (38%). High heterogeneity (I²>98%) was observed across studies. To conclude, tobacco use is highly prevalent among Indian PTB patients, significantly contributing to disease burden. Integrating tobacco cessation strategies into India's National TB Elimination Program is critical to improving TB outcomes, reducing transmission, and addressing the dual burden of tobacco and TB.</p>","PeriodicalId":51593,"journal":{"name":"Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}