Constellations-An International Journal of Critical and Democratic Theory最新文献_第9页

Ethics in the Anthropocene: The case for questioning anthropocentrism 人类世的伦理学:质疑人类中心主义的案例

IF 0.7

Constellations-An International Journal of Critical and Democratic Theory Pub Date : 2023-05-23 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8675.12685

Arne Johan Vetlesen

引用次数: 1

A critical conceptualization of conspiracy theory 阴谋论的批判性概念

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Constellations-An International Journal of Critical and Democratic Theory Pub Date : 2023-05-23 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8675.12683

Adam John Koper

{"title":"A critical conceptualization of conspiracy theory","authors":"Adam John Koper","doi":"10.1111/1467-8675.12683","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1467-8675.12683","url":null,"abstract":"Conspiracy theory has lately come under greater scrutiny in countries around the world, with several conspiracy theories having gained infamy for encouraging dangerous behaviors and attitudes among their followers: QAnon in the United States (see Coaston, 2020); claims that COVID-19 was brought to China by Americans (see Chunshan, 2020); and the broader international anti-vaccination movement (see DiRusso & Stansberry, 2022; Sturm & Albrecht, 2021), to name just a few of the most prominent. These and other conspiracy theories have contributed to undermining trust in political institutions and have even played a role in motivating political violence, as exemplified by events such as Donald Trump's claims of fraud in the 2020 presidential election and the subsequent Capitol Building riot of January 6, 2021 (see Argentino, 2021; Bessner & Frost, 2021); the arrest in late 2022 of members of the Reichsbürger movement, a monarchist group associated with Holocaust revisionism and anti-Semitic conspiracism more broadly, for their involvement in a plan to overthrow the Federal Republic in Germany (see Burchett, 2022; Hill, 2022); and the storming of the Brazilian Congress by supporters of the former president Jair Bolsonaro, on the pretext that his 2022 election defeat was also fraudulent (see Nicas, 2023).Despite the plainly political aspects of such conspiracy theories—both in terms of the content of their claims and their implications—when conspiracy theory is conceptualized or defined, politics has too often been overlooked. Conspiracy theory has often been conceptualized primarily through the lens of epistemology, seen as a particular sort of truth claim, though precise definitions and assessments of this type of claim vary (e.g., see Buenting & Taylor, 2010; Cassam, 2019; Clarke, 2002; Coady, 2007; Dentith, 2018; Keeley, 1999; Pigden, 2007; Sunstein & Vermeule, 2009). This epistemological framing is not constrained to philosophical discussions on conspiracy theory, being also present in research by political scientists on conspiracy theory. For example, in their study of how governments could respond to conspiracy theories, Cass Sunstein and Adrian Vermeule (2009) argue that belief in harmful and false conspiracy theories is the product of what they term as a “crippled epistemology.” Similarly, while their broader argument is that conspiracy theories are more likely to be endorsed by political losers, Uscinski and Parent (2014, Chapter 2) also conceptualize conspiracy theory chiefly through the lens of epistemology; the political aspects of conspiracy theory are largely omitted from their conceptualization, and instead they focus on the standards that could be used to ju","PeriodicalId":51578,"journal":{"name":"Constellations-An International Journal of Critical and Democratic Theory","volume":"31 2","pages":"218-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1467-8675.12683","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41781060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Technocracy as a thin ideology 技术官僚是一种单薄的意识形态

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Constellations-An International Journal of Critical and Democratic Theory Pub Date : 2023-04-25 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8675.12676

Stefan Rummens

引用次数: 0

Finance capital and the perils of political disintegration: The crisis of Weimar democracy revisited 金融资本与政治解体的危险——魏玛民主危机再探

IF 0.7

Constellations-An International Journal of Critical and Democratic Theory Pub Date : 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8675.12672

Kyong-Min Son

引用次数: 0

Taking Exception to Norm: The Caretaker Governments in Bangladesh 对规范的例外：孟加拉国的看守政府

IF 0.7

Constellations-An International Journal of Critical and Democratic Theory Pub Date : 2023-04-21 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8675.12677

Riaz Partha Khan

引用次数: 0

Ontology as ideology: A critique of Butler's theory of precariousness 作为意识形态的本体论:巴特勒不稳定性理论批判

IF 1.2

Constellations-An International Journal of Critical and Democratic Theory Pub Date : 2023-04-20 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8675.12673

Jeta Mulaj

{"title":"Ontology as ideology: A critique of Butler's theory of precariousness","authors":"Jeta Mulaj","doi":"10.1111/1467-8675.12673","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1467-8675.12673","url":null,"abstract":"In the past decade, political philosophers have increasingly deployed the concepts of interdependency, equality, and vulnerability to critique contemporary society.1 Widely popular both within and beyond academia, these concepts offer normative anchors enabling the critique of neoliberal ideals of individuality, independence, and resilience in the name of a more egalitarian society. Consequently, although many scholars denounce violence in existing society, they abstain from denouncing human beings’ interdependency, equality, vulnerability, and precariousness.2 To the contrary, these concepts are treated as grasping our fundamental, ontological condition. Indeed, their capacity to resist neoliberal illusions of atomistic independence purportedly arises from their ability to reveal the hidden truth that neoliberalism otherwise conceals: that human beings are ontologically interdependent and equal. This truth, then, is said to carry its own ethical principle, demanding the realization of equality through political action. The use of these concepts today thus mobilizes more than an ontology; it also offers an interpretation of existing society—as deviating from and concealing ontology—and a politics that seeks to organize society in accordance with ontology.Among the many voices taking up this position, Judith Butler's is perhaps the most prominent, particularly in the ontological theory of precariousness they articulate in their late work.3 Hence, this article offers a critical engagement with Butler's ontology and the politics they derive therefrom. Butler's work, of course, has not been without criticism. However, the existing debate on their work focuses overwhelmingly on their so-called “ethical turn,” as well as their accounts of vulnerability and responsibility.4 Important in their own right, these debates have tended to accept or leave unchallenged the basic structure of Butler's ontology.5 Although critics have scrutinized the critical potential and limits of aspects of Butler's ontology, especially her account of vulnerability (e.g., Gilson, 2011), they have left two of its most central features relatively unexamined: interdependency and equality. In doing so, even those critical of Butler's work maintain Butler's presumption that interdependency and equality are ontological features that inherently oppose neoliberal individualism, independence, resilience, and inequality.6In this article, by contrast, I critique Butler's ontology by submitting these two otherwise-accepted concepts to historical materialist analysis. My aim in this regard is to reveal the ideological underpinnings of Butler's ontology, with attention to its capitulations to capitalist society. In doing so, this article reveals the limitations of Butler's ontology and politics. Their theory, it shows, cannot adequately grasp the sources of capitalist violence and dominatio","PeriodicalId":51578,"journal":{"name":"Constellations-An International Journal of Critical and Democratic Theory","volume":"31 4","pages":"491-505"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1467-8675.12673","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46768867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On land, life, and labour: Abundance and scarcity in Locke, Smith, and Ricardo 论土地、生命和劳动:洛克、斯密和李嘉图的富足与匮乏

IF 0.7

Constellations-An International Journal of Critical and Democratic Theory Pub Date : 2023-04-20 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8675.12675

Leo Steeds

{"title":"On land, life, and labour: Abundance and scarcity in Locke, Smith, and Ricardo","authors":"Leo Steeds","doi":"10.1111/1467-8675.12675","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1467-8675.12675","url":null,"abstract":"As these epigraphs attest, the emergence of economic thought has long been understood by theorists as a crucial development for politics in the modern era. These comments appear in the context of quite different projects. For Arendt, the concern was how what she termed the “social question”—that of the existence of poverty—had informed the development of revolutionary thought and practice since the late 18th century. Foucault, instead, made his observations as part of what he termed an “archaeology of the human sciences,” an investigation that provided crucial foundations for his subsequent—more explicitly political, and today more famous—genealogy of modern “government.” In spite of their divergent aims, the comments of Arendt and Foucault revolve around a remarkably similar constellation of ideas: Both are concerned with notions of abundance and scarcity, and both link this to a discourse on labour. Perhaps less intuitively, both give centrality to new understandings of “life,” Arendt through a critique of how economic analysis placed “the life process of society… at the very centre of the human endeavour” (1977);1 Foucault by arguing that the emergence of political economy marked the birth of a new kind of political rationality—a “biopolitics” centered around the government of life (see also Foucault, 2008, 2009).2Although these passages read almost as if they were a continuous commentary, this is something of a sleight of hand. In fact, neither thinker traced Locke–Smith–Ricardo lineage in this way: Arendt did not acknowledge a subsequent shift in liberal political economy marked by Ricardo and the economists of the early 19th century; Foucault, meanwhile, was not here comparing Ricardo to Locke or Smith—though he did address their work elsewhere—but rather to the French Physiocrats. Yet, it is more than a linguistic accident that these comments seem to speak so directly to each other. In fact, the genealogy suggested by the juxtaposed quotes traces an important lineage, though one with which neither Arendt nor Foucault engaged in detail. While not addressing directly the arguments of either of these two thinkers, therefore—the resonances and tensions between which have already been explored in some depth elsewhere (Blencowe, 2010)—this article takes their provocative respective commentaries as a fruitful starting point for tracing a new approach to the development of a modern politics of life.As insightful as these commentaries are, I seek to go beyond an anthropocentric bias that has been the focus of recent criticism within political theory (Bennett, 2004; Krause, 2016), and for which Foucault in particular has been criticized (Lemke, 2015). What interests me especially is how setting these three canonical discussions side-by-side helps chart the transformation of notions of life, understood not only as specific","PeriodicalId":51578,"journal":{"name":"Constellations-An International Journal of Critical and Democratic Theory","volume":"31 2","pages":"189-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1467-8675.12675","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49221398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Domination, social norms, and the idea of an emancipatory interest 统治，社会规范，以及解放利益的理念

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Constellations-An International Journal of Critical and Democratic Theory Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8675.12674

Malte Frøslee Ibsen

{"title":"Domination, social norms, and the idea of an emancipatory interest","authors":"Malte Frøslee Ibsen","doi":"10.1111/1467-8675.12674","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1467-8675.12674","url":null,"abstract":"Yet surprisingly, in spite of its indisputable foundational importance to critical theory, critical theorists have rarely sought to defend the idea that their work answers to such an emancipatory interest. We first encounter the contours of such a defense in the work of the young Max Horkheimer, in which, however, it remains associated with Marx's philosophy of history to an extent that subsequent generations of critical theorists have found wanting. In the mid-1960s, this led Jürgen Habermas, in his first systematic work of social philosophy, to attempt a novel account in the form of a theory of knowledge as social theory, which seeks to disclose three human cognitive interests—including an emancipatory interest—in the objective structures of our species’ history. However, this account was ultimately undermined by his reliance on psychoanalysis as a model of human emancipation, suggesting the questionable view of humanity as a collective species subject freeing itself from internal constraints.These failures have recently led Honneth to undertake a renewed attempt to “answer critical theory's most fundamental question” (Honneth, 2017). Honneth proposes, first, a social–ontological view of the plasticity of social norms as the source of recurrent social conflict, and second, a claim that human beings have an emancipatory interest in knowledge that reveals the interests served by their one-sided interpretation and which enables transformative reinterpretation of those norms. In this article, I argue that Honneth's argument, too, is unsuccessful. Or rather, it is at best only partially successful. Honneth's argument remains incomplete, not only because its scope of application is narrower than Honneth seems to think, but also because it neglects the most important object of emancipatory knowledge—and that which I will argue is the central task of a critical theory to provide—namely, a systematic account of the power relations within which dominated groups find themselves. In response to these problems, I develop the outlines of an alternative defense of the idea of an emancipatory interest, which locates the root of emancipatory struggles in the interplay between dominated groups’ affective reactions to the experience of subjection to dominating power and the availability of the requisite epistemic and normative resources for discursively articulating these reactive attitudes as shared experiences of moral injury—resources that a critical theory of society must strive to provide.In the article's first section, I expound the history and conceptual content of the idea of an emancipatory interest and the claim that human beings have an interest in knowledge that enables a truly free life. I trace the concept of emancipation back to early Roman law and discuss its subsequent instantiations both in the abolitionism of Frederick Douglass and in Marx's thought. I then discuss the unsuccessful attempts to defend the id","PeriodicalId":51578,"journal":{"name":"Constellations-An International Journal of Critical and Democratic Theory","volume":"31 2","pages":"160-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1467-8675.12674","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46448465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ideology, history, and political affect 意识形态、历史和政治影响

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Constellations-An International Journal of Critical and Democratic Theory Pub Date : 2023-04-10 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8675.12678

Daniel Cunningham

引用次数: 0

Finding "Miss Canada" 寻找“加拿大小姐”

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Constellations-An International Journal of Critical and Democratic Theory Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.29173/cons29494

Madalyn Mandziuk

{"title":"Finding \"Miss Canada\"","authors":"Madalyn Mandziuk","doi":"10.29173/cons29494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/cons29494","url":null,"abstract":"During the First World War, many Canadian women served on the front lines as nurses, both as working professionals and volunteers. Although the experiences of Canadian women during WWI have been addressed by historians more frequently in recent decades, the experience of professional nurses has been overshadowed by that of Volunteer Aid Detachment nurses (VADs) and women on the home front and of course by studies on soldiers’ experiences. Many historians have found the personal narrative, diary, or journal to be an invaluable source to understanding the First World War. However, there is a gap in the study of the personal narratives, diaries, and journals of Canadian professional nurses specifically. This paper seeks to bridge this gap in WWI history through a specific focus on a selection of the surviving personal papers of Canadian professional nurses. Their personal writings reveal new insights into nursing experience on the front, nursing work, and how Canadian professional nurses sought and found meaning in extraordinary and violent circumstances. They made sense of the war through sociability, relationality, and through recording their time overseas both to cope with the experience itself, and to remember it upon their return home.","PeriodicalId":51578,"journal":{"name":"Constellations-An International Journal of Critical and Democratic Theory","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43445337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0