WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY最新文献

{"title":"Editor's Note: \"Methods and Practices\"","authors":"","doi":"10.1353/wmq.2023.a910394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/wmq.2023.a910394","url":null,"abstract":"Editor's Note:\"Methods and Practices\" Joshua Piker THIS article by Sharon Block represents the initial offering in the William and Mary Quarterly's new \"Methods and Practices\" section, a companion to the journal's \"Sources and Interpretations\" section. The Article Forum that follows, \"Self-Revision in Historical Writing,\" is intended to extend and amplify the conversation begun by Block's innovative article. Five scholars whose work intersects with the issues raised in the article have provided essays engaging with Block's work, and the Forum concludes with Block's response to those essays. Articles published in \"Methods and Practices\" can explore new methodologies or re-situate more familiar ones in new contexts. Alternatively, authors can use these pieces to discuss their practice as researchers and writers, experiment with new forms or styles, or point to novel paths forward for the field. These articles may be grounded in archival research, but many will not be, and the nature of an author's archive will depend on the article's goals. If the project's needs point in that direction, authors should feel free to adopt a writing style that is more conversational, interrogative, speculative, or polemical than is typical of academic articles. All authors, however, must work to situate their projects in clear and recognizable ways within the field's ongoing conversations. \"Methods and Practices\" articles will typically be shorter than the standard research article. We expect that most will have fewer than 6,000 words in the text and 3,000 words in the notes, although we recognize that particular projects may require a wider scope. Please consult with the Editor—as Block did in this case—if you believe that your article would benefit from a higher word count. I am grateful to the six authors in the Article Forum both for taking on this assignment under a tight deadline and for completing it with such care. I would also like to thank my colleague, Julia Gaffield, who stepped in as Interim Editor when I went on sabbatical in July 2023 and oversaw the editing process for the Forum. Joshua Piker Editor (on leave) William and Mary Quarterly [End Page 647] Copyright © 2023 Omohundro Institute of Early American History & Culture","PeriodicalId":51566,"journal":{"name":"WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136127191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Matters of Size: Petites Nations, Slavery, and Non-Coalescence in the Gulf South's Overlapping Shatter Zones","authors":"Denise I. Bossy","doi":"10.1353/wmq.2023.a910403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/wmq.2023.a910403","url":null,"abstract":"Matters of Size:Petites Nations, Slavery, and Non-Coalescence in the Gulf South's Overlapping Shatter Zones Denise I. Bossy (bio) IN the early 1760s the Tunica nation numbered roughly a hundred people. They also wielded a geopolitical power entirely disproportionate to their modest size. Over the course of the previous century, the Tunicas had navigated two different waves of commercialized slaving—by the English and then by the French—as well as French colonial settlement and three wars waged respectively by the much larger Natchez, Chickasaw, and Choctaw polities against the French between 1729 and 1750. Next they faced the British and Spanish takeover of former French territorial claims along the Gulf Coast at the conclusion of the Seven Years' War in 1763. They navigated this new period of imperial wrangling over Native lands and alliances much as they long had: through extensive social and political networking and strategic intraregional movements. As Elizabeth N. Ellis skillfully reveals in her illuminating The Great Power of Small Nations, the Tunicas were part of a world of small Indigenous nations whose numbers belie the power they wielded to redirect, contain, and survive the violence unleashed by English, French, and Spanish colonization. Totaling between seventeen thousand and twenty thousand people in the 1670s, the roughly forty Petites Nations of the Lower Mississippi valley each had fewer than a thousand residents, and most numbered just a few hundred. It was by creating multinational settlement regions where discrete polities maintained their political sovereignty that the Petites Nations were able to capitalize on the geopolitical safety and economic advantages usually reserved for appreciably larger communities. Like many other nations in the Native South during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the Petites Nations incorporated Indigenous migrants. They also sought refuge as well as offered it to one another. Through this process of accepting migrants and periodically relocating for protection, the Petites Nations built a host [End Page 731] of flexible networks linking them to other Indian nations, small and large. By establishing polyglot, multicultural, elastic provinces, these small nations retained their political and cultural independence while leveraging collective strength through their connections to their close neighbors and their more expansive social and political networks. Over the past two decades, historians and anthropologists have energetically studied the rise and expansion of a pernicious trade in enslaved Native people initiated by English traders operating out of Virginia and subsequently South Carolina from the 1640s through 1715. The prevailing framework for understanding the devastation wrought by the advent of colonial slaving, coupled with the spread of new diseases and the expansion of a protocapitalistic exchange system, is the \"Mississippian shatter zone.\" As conceived by anthropologist Robb","PeriodicalId":51566,"journal":{"name":"WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136128469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To Her Credit: Women, Finance, and the Law in Eighteenth-Century New England Cities by Sara T. Damiano (review)","authors":"Jacqueline Beatty","doi":"10.1353/wmq.2023.a910410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/wmq.2023.a910410","url":null,"abstract":"Reviewed by: To Her Credit: Women, Finance, and the Law in Eighteenth-Century New England Cities by Sara T. Damiano Jacqueline Beatty To Her Credit: Women, Finance, and the Law in Eighteenth-Century New England Cities. By Sara T. Damiano. Studies in Early American Economy and Society from the Library Company of Philadelphia. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2021. 309 pages. Cloth, ebook. On the reverse of a hand-drawn nine of clubs, Benjamin Wickham signed a short promissory note guaranteeing that he would pay Abigail Stoneman, a Newport, Rhode Island, tavernkeeper, the thirteen pounds he owed her. In all likelihood, as Sara T. Damiano suggests in To Her Credit, the two used the playing card to legitimate Wickham's debt to Stoneman in the midst of a game in her establishment. This small piece of paper functioned beyond its intended purpose, at once an integral component of a tavern game, a record of a financial transaction, and a legally binding document. Damiano's analysis of this seemingly quotidian primary source encapsulates her findings on women's financial and legal activities in two eighteenth-century British North American port cities. It is precisely the card's mundanity that signals one of the most important conclusions of her work: free white women were present, involved, and active in eighteenth-century financial and legal affairs. Far from merely recovering the presence of women in those interactions, Damiano underscores the fact that few contemporaries questioned women's financial activities unless they perceived they might benefit from doing so. Importantly, too, \"as long as married women's labor and decisions remained uncontroversial, financial and legal records obscured femes covert or subordinated them to their husbands\" (30). Thus, the very prevalence of women's financial activities has obfuscated a full historical and historiographical accounting of their presence in the early American political economy. Damiano's work remedies this problem. In To Her Credit, Damiano deftly demonstrates that women were central, critical, and relatively commonplace figures in financial transactions, regularly engaging in negotiations over credit and debt. They appeared both within and outside of the courtroom, in formal and informal ways. Their financial activities were simultaneously \"heterosocial and profoundly gendered\" (5). Indeed, this study underscores the complexities of the urban economy's influence on gendered spaces in the eighteenth century. The household had significant financial dimensions—such as debt agreements negotiated in homes with family members acting as witnesses—making the public sphere far less masculine in its contours than researchers have conceded even recently. Along with scholars such as Laura F. Edwards and Kirsten Sword, Damiano complicates our understanding of coverture's [End Page 772] impact on women's daily lives.1 William Blackstone's 1765 Commentaries, for example, long cited by historians discussi","PeriodicalId":51566,"journal":{"name":"WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136127193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Great Power of Small Nations: A History of Contemporary Relevance","authors":"Shannon Speed","doi":"10.1353/wmq.2023.a910407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/wmq.2023.a910407","url":null,"abstract":"The Great Power of Small Nations:A History of Contemporary Relevance Shannon Speed (bio) ELIZABETH N. ELLIS'S The Great Power of Small Nations: Indigenous Diplomacy in the Gulf South is a remarkable book that sheds new light on the political systems of the \"small nations\" of the Lower Mississippi Valley in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and provides an important corrective to the long-standing erasure of their histories. Meticulously researched and elegantly written, the book describes the ways that these small nations' unique patterns of settlement and forms of social organization helped them navigate and survive European invasion and colonization. Ellis highlights the long-occluded history in which Chitimachas, Chakchiumas, Mobilians, Tunicas, Ishak/Atakapas, Houmas, and other small nations \"shaped European empires and forged vibrant and powerful nations\" (3–4) and effectively \"steered the course of the development of the eighteenth-century Lower Mississippi Valley\" (4). As a Chickasaw (also of Choctaw descent), I have long been interested in the history of Indigenous and colonial relations in the Lower Mississippi Valley, but The Great Power of Small Nations gave me an entirely new perspective on the history of the region. One important aspect of the book's argument is that flexible residence patterns in what Ellis characterizes as a borderlands space between the larger nations of Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Creek to the east, Osage and Quapaw to the north, and Caddoan polities to the west meant that groups of people regularly moved among and between nations, creating fluidity of spatial and ideational boundaries. The common practice of breakaway groups migrating out of their nations and receiving refuge in another, or, as Ellis calls it, \"fusion and fission\" (5), created new multinational, multicultural, and multilingual communities in which people grew accustomed to residing in close proximity to, and thus relating to, people of foreign nations. She both explores how this system of social relations and community composition was a significant aspect of what gave these small nations their strength and analyzes what this history can tell us about the processes of Indigenous nation building. The first obviously gives the book its title and is important because so much of the written history has focused on larger nations or [End Page 757] confederacies, and the second is what gives this book such broad interest beyond the particular nations' histories it examines. In terms of demonstrating how small nations exercised power, I found chapter 6, \"Imperial Blunders and the Revival of Interdependency at Midcentury,\" particularly compelling (perhaps also due to my own interest in and stronger knowledge of this period of Chickasaw and Choctaw history). This chapter chronicles the Chickasaw Wars, the Choctaw Civil War, and other conflicts, taking the reader through the mind-boggling sets of alliances and changing relationships among the Petites Nat","PeriodicalId":51566,"journal":{"name":"WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136128457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Virginia Venture: American Colonization and English Society, 1580–1660 by Misha Ewen (review)","authors":"Abigail L. Swingen","doi":"10.1353/wmq.2023.a910411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/wmq.2023.a910411","url":null,"abstract":"Reviewed by: The Virginia Venture: American Colonization and English Society, 1580–1660 by Misha Ewen Abigail L. Swingen The Virginia Venture: American Colonization and English Society, 1580–1660. By Misha Ewen. Early Modern Americas. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2022. 219 pages. Cloth, ebook. If historians have long taken it as a given that Virginia was important to early American history, they have not generally made similar claims about Virginia's significance to the history of the early English Empire aside from the role of tobacco. There was no comprehensive imperial policy that emerged from the crown or Parliament, for example, as imperial ventures were left to individual merchants, privateers, and trading companies. Aside from the popularity of tobacco, it seemed that the colonization of Virginia had little immediate impact in England itself.1 Misha Ewen's excellent book, The Virginia Venture: American Colonization and English Society, 1580–1660, offers an important corrective by turning from Parliament and members of the Virginia Company to trace, instead, how \"English colonialism permeated many layers of domestic society\" (2) in the early 1600s. Ewen demonstrates how people from across the social spectrum encountered ideas about colonization in print and sermons and by investing in the Virginia Company, participating in discussions about poverty and indentured migration, and engaging in debates about the right to grow tobacco in England. The result is an illuminating account of how the transatlantic colonial project involved \"broad swathes of English citizens\" (7) in early seventeenth-century England. Ewen uncovers the involvement of those citizens in England's colonial project by analyzing commonly used sources (such as printed material and Virginia Company records), as well as those not usually utilized (such as Exchequer and Chancery court records, a churchwarden's accounts, and other local records). The book takes several cues from scholarly work analyzing fragmentary evidence about early modern people, mentioning in particular the influence of Marisa J. Fuentes and her careful uncovering of the experiences of the marginalized, silenced, and forgotten.2 It shows that much may be gleaned from the primary sources about how settler colonialism in Virginia was understood and confronted by a wider range of English people than have usually been considered in historical scholarship, including women, poor people, orphans, indentured servants, local authorities, and other potential migrants. The Virginia Venture will likely draw comparisons to another recent book on the impact of colonization of Virginia in [End Page 776] England, Lauren Working's The Making of an Imperial Polity, which focuses primarily on how overseas colonization influenced the ways English gentlemen adopted cultural practices to present themselves as allegedly civilized in relation to imperial pursuits.3 In contrast, Ewen analyzes a wider section of Eng","PeriodicalId":51566,"journal":{"name":"WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136128471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultivating Empire: Capitalism, Philanthropy, and the Negotiation of American Imperialism in Indian Country by Lori J. Daggar (review)","authors":"Jennifer Graber","doi":"10.1353/wmq.2023.a910409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/wmq.2023.a910409","url":null,"abstract":"Reviewed by: Cultivating Empire: Capitalism, Philanthropy, and the Negotiation of American Imperialism in Indian Country by Lori J. Daggar Jennifer Graber Cultivating Empire: Capitalism, Philanthropy, and the Negotiation of American Imperialism in Indian Country. By Lori J. Daggar. Early American Studies. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2023. 262 pages. Cloth, ebook. In Cultivating Empire, Lori J. Daggar contends that American-style agriculture, as practiced by so-called \"civilizing\" (3) missions to Native America, played a critical role in U.S. Indian affairs, territorial expansion, and the development of racial capitalism. Beginning with Henry Knox's Civilization Plan (articulated in official correspondence as early as 1789) and continuing through the 1819 Civilization Fund Act, this book highlights negotiations between federal officials, religious philanthropists, and Native leaders that led to dramatic material transformations of Indigenous lands and politics in the Ohio country. Analyzing these relations and the environmental and infrastructure changes they initiated, she argues for the central importance of philanthropy and the ongoing power of Native peoples. This mix of federal policy, public and private projects, and negotiations with sovereign Native nations demonstrates the \"blended\" (8) rather than unilaterally imposed nature of U.S. imperial power on the periphery. According to Daggar, realizing federal policies from the top depended on engagements by interested parties on the ground. As such, her study challenges cultural historians of religion and reform to consider the material, diplomatic, and even environmental impacts of missionaries and philanthropists.1 Likewise, it calls on historians focused on politics and economics to grapple with the power of philanthropic or religious actors and rhetoric to influence land policies, infrastructure, and the federal budget. And finally, following recent work on the colonial era and early republic, she highlights the ways Native leaders engaged agricultural missions—that is, missions designated to alter Indigenous agricultural practices—from their own traditions of diplomacy and defense of sovereignty.2 [End Page 767] Two phrases encapsulate the power dynamics Daggar aims to highlight and interpret. The first, \"the mission complex\" (10), encompasses mission activities beyond the evangelistic—namely the educational and agricultural. The term allows her to highlight the \"material and economic consequences\" (10) of mission farms, schools, and other ventures within the story of U.S. territorial expansion. The second, \"speculative philanthropy,\" highlights the ways mission leaders could be motivated as much by the desire to \"acquire economic, territorial, moral, or spiritual capital\" (5) as by benevolence toward Indigenous peoples. The author considers specifically how missionaries acted from religious principles, as well as their belief that investments in lands, peoples, and pr","PeriodicalId":51566,"journal":{"name":"WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136127187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Constitutional Culture: New England and the Struggle against Arbitrary Rule in the Restoration Empire by Adrian Chastain Weimer (review)","authors":"Carla Gardina Pestana","doi":"10.1353/wmq.2023.a910413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/wmq.2023.a910413","url":null,"abstract":"Reviewed by: A Constitutional Culture: New England and the Struggle against Arbitrary Rule in the Restoration Empire by Adrian Chastain Weimer Carla Gardina Pestana A Constitutional Culture: New England and the Struggle against Arbitrary Rule in the Restoration Empire. Early American Studies. By Adrian Chastain Weimer. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2023. 379 pages. Cloth, ebook. The 1660s in New England were once considered diminished and relatively unimportant, a once united and inspired society that had lost its original direction. The 1953 great work of Perry Miller, The New England Mind: From Colony to Province, both began with and dismissed the period. To his way of thinking—a perspective that dominated early American historiography for decades—New England was a society in decline. The initial sense of mission disappeared as the founding generation passed from the scene. Young people failed to join their local churches and the sense of shared purpose fractured with rising concern for material success. Preachers, trying to reverse this dismaying trend, delivered sermons that rebuked the populace, and Miller labeled their laments \"jeremiads\" after the Old Testament prophet who harangued his people to forgo their sinful ways. New Englanders lost confidence, focus, and unity. He brilliantly illustrated a society in crisis with his treatment of the tribulations of Cotton Mather, son and grandson of illustrious ministers, who frantically labored to defend the witchcraft prosecutions even though he lacked both the information and the conviction to do so.1 In Adrian Chastain Weimer's hands, the 1660s emerge as the opposite of diminished and insignificant. To be sure, as she demonstrates in A Constitutional Culture, New Englanders faced challenges and, like the youngest of the famous Mathers, they struggled over how best to respond. These colonials, however, presented a largely united front that relied upon a common understanding of their circumstances. They shared, she argues, a commitment to a constitutional arrangement that sustained their connection to England, accepted monarchy, and sought local control over institutions. Over three decades in North America, starting in the 1630s, these colonists learned to manage their own affairs in church and state, and they hoped to retain this right. They did not seek autonomy beyond what local control entailed; they did not long for independence or even imagine that such a state was sustainable. They willingly fought for what they did desire, even as they debated the best strategy for achieving their goals. [End Page 785] Weimer sees New Englanders—magistrates, clergymen, merchants, and farmers—as eager to protect a shared \"constitutional culture.\" This culture reflected their view of how their own settlements and their relationship to empire ought to function, valuing local participation in decision making by male householders (who were also typically, but decreasingly, church members), ","PeriodicalId":51566,"journal":{"name":"WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136127420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Great Power of Native Women","authors":"Alejandra Dubcovsky","doi":"10.1353/wmq.2023.a910404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/wmq.2023.a910404","url":null,"abstract":"The Great Power of Native Women Alejandra Dubcovsky (bio) ACCORDING to a Creek story, a monstrous earthworm once impregnated the wife of a hunter. Feeling betrayed by his wife, the husband wanted to leave her in the woods, but his sisters interceded. They insisted that the pregnant wife be brought home so they could care for her. But their medicine was not enough, for when she gave birth many earthworms came out of her. These creatures burned down her house and killed the sisters helping with the delivery. The earthworms then wreaked havoc throughout the town and finally buried themselves deep in the ground. The story ends with the monstrous earthworms succeeding, for they, and not the women, \"have continued to live there.\"1 This invasive, sexually charged monster targeted Native women as well as their practices—it exploited how Native women cared for pregnancies, how they decided who entered their towns, and how they dealt with foreign or contaminated entities. I thought about that story as I read Elizabeth N. Ellis's important new book, The Great Power of Small Nations, which tackles a similar monster: the European and American colonizers whose dangerous and invasive forces in North America sought to displace Native people and disrupt their practices. She explores the multiple, long, and violent legacies of colonization in the Gulf South by centering the many innovative and unrecognized ways Native peoples dealt with these earthworm-like Europeans. She invokes a world in constant motion, a world of nonpermanent, multinational settlements that fused together and broke apart, incorporated outsiders and migrants, and managed to sustain their nations despite these violent fault lines. Through these Indigenous diplomatic efforts, the Petites Nations of the Gulf South made and remade notions of belonging. Ellis shows the overlapping, intersecting, and yet ultimately unique histories of each of those nations, arguing that the diverse ways they each established their own land claims, governance, and sovereignty must be explored rather than overlooked. The Great Power of Small Nations focuses on the complexities of Indigenous politics and relationships, privileging Native histories and perspectives rather than European anxieties or fantasies. [End Page 740] Ellis's meticulous work thus offers a new reading of Native experiences with and within enslavement. Although there has been an explosion of innovative scholarship on Indian slavery since the publication of Alan Gallay's groundbreaking The Indian Slave Trade in 2002, few have explored the effects of slave raids and raiding on smaller Native nations.2 Ellis carefully reconstructs the complex struggles of the Natchez, Tensas, Tunicas, Yazoos, Chitimachas, Paniouachas, Tawasas, Alabamas, Koroas, and Apalachees, among others, to address the problem of enslavement by encroaching French and English traders as well as raids by the Chickasaw and Upper Creek peoples. While chronicling the general destabilizat","PeriodicalId":51566,"journal":{"name":"WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136127189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Together in a Small Boat: Slavery's Fugitives in the Lesser Antilles","authors":"Gunvor Simonsen, Rasmus Christensen","doi":"10.1353/wmq.2023.a910393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/wmq.2023.a910393","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Histories of maritime marronage in the Lesser Antilles—the Danish, Dutch, English, French, and Swedish islands in the eastern Caribbean—have often centered on young enslaved men escaping alone aboard intercontinental vessels anchored in the region's port towns. Scholars have paid less attention to the enslaved men, women, and children who escaped their enslavers on one of the many small open boats that were decisive for sustaining life in the region. The ubiquity of small-boat infrastructure in the Lesser Antilles, the complex legal regime put in place to regulate it, and the affordances—that is, the possibilities of action—provided by small watercraft demonstrate the importance of small-boat flight to slavery's fugitives in the Lesser Antilles. Enslaved people—rural and urban, young and old—knew that they had to collaborate to realize the fugitive force of canoes and other small boats scattered along island shorelines. Indeed, maritime marronage was more often carried out in groups than alone. Through time and political turbulence, the small boat allowed enslaved people to pursue dreams of freedom that had an archipelagic character: proximity facilitated knowledge of conditions on nearby islands and sustained or reestablished friendship and family ties.","PeriodicalId":51566,"journal":{"name":"WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136128455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rewriting the Rape of Rachel: Historical Methods, Historical Justice","authors":"Sharon Block","doi":"10.1353/wmq.2023.a910395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/wmq.2023.a910395","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: \"Rewriting the Rape of Rachel\" offers a critical reflection on my own historical practice in light of recent scholarship in feminist, Black, Indigenous, and critical archival studies as well as the growth of digitization and digital humanities. Centering my previously published work as a document for revision, I retell the rape of Rachel Davis by her uncle in the early nineteenth century by placing that act within family, community, and life-course narratives. In doing so, I offer a feminist methodology that centers traditionally marginalized historical subjects, sees archival silences as productive, engages in historical research as a community endeavor, and promotes ethical concerns that connect past and present. This approach reshapes how we might understand sexual violence and questions the terms by which we produce historical scholarship.","PeriodicalId":51566,"journal":{"name":"WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136128456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}