《弗吉尼亚冒险:1580-1660年美国殖民与英国社会》作者:米沙·埃文

IF 1.1 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY
Abigail L. Swingen
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Aside from the popularity of tobacco, it seemed that the colonization of Virginia had little immediate impact in England itself.1 Misha Ewen's excellent book, The Virginia Venture: American Colonization and English Society, 1580–1660, offers an important corrective by turning from Parliament and members of the Virginia Company to trace, instead, how \"English colonialism permeated many layers of domestic society\" (2) in the early 1600s. Ewen demonstrates how people from across the social spectrum encountered ideas about colonization in print and sermons and by investing in the Virginia Company, participating in discussions about poverty and indentured migration, and engaging in debates about the right to grow tobacco in England. The result is an illuminating account of how the transatlantic colonial project involved \"broad swathes of English citizens\" (7) in early seventeenth-century England. Ewen uncovers the involvement of those citizens in England's colonial project by analyzing commonly used sources (such as printed material and Virginia Company records), as well as those not usually utilized (such as Exchequer and Chancery court records, a churchwarden's accounts, and other local records). The book takes several cues from scholarly work analyzing fragmentary evidence about early modern people, mentioning in particular the influence of Marisa J. Fuentes and her careful uncovering of the experiences of the marginalized, silenced, and forgotten.2 It shows that much may be gleaned from the primary sources about how settler colonialism in Virginia was understood and confronted by a wider range of English people than have usually been considered in historical scholarship, including women, poor people, orphans, indentured servants, local authorities, and other potential migrants. The Virginia Venture will likely draw comparisons to another recent book on the impact of colonization of Virginia in [End Page 776] England, Lauren Working's The Making of an Imperial Polity, which focuses primarily on how overseas colonization influenced the ways English gentlemen adopted cultural practices to present themselves as allegedly civilized in relation to imperial pursuits.3 In contrast, Ewen analyzes a wider section of English society and how it interacted with and potentially benefited economically from colonialism. But both books add much-needed nuance to our understanding of the early English Empire and how colonialism in Virginia affected not only the situation in the colony itself but English society more broadly. Ewen begins with a consideration of how people in the early seventeenth century learned about Virginia via news and information (and uncertainty surrounding news and information) that circulated about the colony and gradually reached a wide range of English women and men. In addition to focusing on printed matter sponsored by the Virginia Company, including sermons and ballads, Ewen also examines the role of gossip and rumor in constructing narratives about an imagined idea of Virginia. Such gossip emerged from correspondence as well as word of mouth, especially in port cities and towns, and often referred to tense relations with Indigenous people in the colony. The book also examines the circulation of material evidence, such as animal and plant specimens, that colonists sometimes sent back to England. Together, such evidence worked to create \"a picture of Virginia . . . in the minds of potential colonists and investors, as well as a broader public audience\" (34). This image—which is one of contrasts and of both uncertainty and potential opportunity in the colonial venture—sets the stage for the remaining encounters that Ewen considers. The next two chapters explore the ways English people invested monetarily in the Virginia Company—not only those who purchased company...","PeriodicalId":51566,"journal":{"name":"WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1000,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The Virginia Venture: American Colonization and English Society, 1580–1660 by Misha Ewen (review)\",\"authors\":\"Abigail L. Swingen\",\"doi\":\"10.1353/wmq.2023.a910411\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Reviewed by: The Virginia Venture: American Colonization and English Society, 1580–1660 by Misha Ewen Abigail L. 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Ewen uncovers the involvement of those citizens in England's colonial project by analyzing commonly used sources (such as printed material and Virginia Company records), as well as those not usually utilized (such as Exchequer and Chancery court records, a churchwarden's accounts, and other local records). The book takes several cues from scholarly work analyzing fragmentary evidence about early modern people, mentioning in particular the influence of Marisa J. Fuentes and her careful uncovering of the experiences of the marginalized, silenced, and forgotten.2 It shows that much may be gleaned from the primary sources about how settler colonialism in Virginia was understood and confronted by a wider range of English people than have usually been considered in historical scholarship, including women, poor people, orphans, indentured servants, local authorities, and other potential migrants. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

《弗吉尼亚冒险:美国殖民与英国社会,1580-1660》作者:米沙·埃文·阿比盖尔·l·斯温根米莎·埃文著。早期现代美洲。费城:宾夕法尼亚大学出版社,2022。219页。布,电子书。如果说历史学家长期以来都认为弗吉尼亚对早期美国历史的重要性是理所当然的,那么除了烟草的作用外,他们一般不会对弗吉尼亚对早期英国帝国历史的重要性做出类似的断言。国王或议会没有制定全面的帝国政策,例如,帝国冒险留给了个体商人,私掠者和贸易公司。除了烟草的流行之外,弗吉尼亚的殖民化似乎对英国本身并没有什么直接的影响米莎·埃文(Misha Ewen)的优秀著作《弗吉尼亚冒险:1580-1660年的美国殖民与英国社会》(The Virginia Venture: American Colonization and English Society, 1580-1660年)提供了一个重要的纠正,从议会和弗吉尼亚公司的成员转向追溯17世纪早期“英国殖民主义如何渗透到国内社会的许多层面”(2)。Ewen展示了来自不同社会阶层的人们是如何通过印刷品和布道,通过投资弗吉尼亚公司,参与关于贫困和契约移民的讨论,以及参与关于在英国种植烟草权利的辩论,来接触到关于殖民的想法的。其结果是对跨大西洋殖民计划如何在17世纪早期的英国涉及到“广大的英国公民”的一种启发性的描述。Ewen通过分析常用的资源(如印刷材料和弗吉尼亚公司记录)以及不常用的资源(如财政部和衡平法院记录,教会执事的账户和其他地方记录),揭示了这些公民在英国殖民项目中的参与。这本书从分析早期现代人零碎证据的学术工作中获得了一些线索,特别提到了玛丽莎·j·富恩特斯的影响,以及她对被边缘化、沉默和被遗忘的人的经历的仔细揭示它表明,关于弗吉尼亚的殖民主义是如何被更广泛的英国人理解和面对的,比历史学者通常认为的要多,包括妇女、穷人、孤儿、契约仆人、地方当局和其他潜在的移民,可以从原始资料中收集到很多信息。《弗吉尼亚冒险》很可能会被拿来与另一本最近出版的关于弗吉尼亚殖民对英国的影响的书作比较,那本书是劳伦·沃宁的《帝国政体的形成》,后者主要关注海外殖民如何影响英国绅士们采用文化习俗的方式,在与帝国追求的关系中表现出所谓的文明相比之下,埃文分析了更广泛的英国社会,以及它如何与殖民主义互动,并从殖民主义中获得潜在的经济利益。但这两本书都为我们了解早期的英帝国以及弗吉尼亚的殖民主义如何不仅影响了殖民地本身的情况,还影响了更广泛的英国社会提供了急需的细微差别。Ewen首先考虑了17世纪早期的人们是如何通过新闻和信息(以及围绕新闻和信息的不确定性)了解弗吉尼亚的,这些新闻和信息在殖民地传播,并逐渐广泛地传播给英国男女。除了关注弗吉尼亚公司赞助的印刷品,包括布道和歌谣,Ewen还研究了八卦和谣言在构建弗吉尼亚想象中的叙事中的作用。这些流言蜚语来自信件和口头传播,尤其是在港口城市和城镇,通常指的是与殖民地土著人民的紧张关系。这本书还考察了物证的流通,例如殖民者有时送回英国的动植物标本。总之,这些证据共同创造了“弗吉尼亚的图景……在潜在的殖民者和投资者以及更广泛的公众观众的心目中”(34)。这幅图像——这是一种对比,是殖民冒险中的不确定性和潜在机会——为埃文所考虑的剩余遭遇奠定了基础。接下来的两章探讨了英国人在弗吉尼亚公司投资的方式——不仅仅是那些购买公司的人……
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Virginia Venture: American Colonization and English Society, 1580–1660 by Misha Ewen (review)
Reviewed by: The Virginia Venture: American Colonization and English Society, 1580–1660 by Misha Ewen Abigail L. Swingen The Virginia Venture: American Colonization and English Society, 1580–1660. By Misha Ewen. Early Modern Americas. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2022. 219 pages. Cloth, ebook. If historians have long taken it as a given that Virginia was important to early American history, they have not generally made similar claims about Virginia's significance to the history of the early English Empire aside from the role of tobacco. There was no comprehensive imperial policy that emerged from the crown or Parliament, for example, as imperial ventures were left to individual merchants, privateers, and trading companies. Aside from the popularity of tobacco, it seemed that the colonization of Virginia had little immediate impact in England itself.1 Misha Ewen's excellent book, The Virginia Venture: American Colonization and English Society, 1580–1660, offers an important corrective by turning from Parliament and members of the Virginia Company to trace, instead, how "English colonialism permeated many layers of domestic society" (2) in the early 1600s. Ewen demonstrates how people from across the social spectrum encountered ideas about colonization in print and sermons and by investing in the Virginia Company, participating in discussions about poverty and indentured migration, and engaging in debates about the right to grow tobacco in England. The result is an illuminating account of how the transatlantic colonial project involved "broad swathes of English citizens" (7) in early seventeenth-century England. Ewen uncovers the involvement of those citizens in England's colonial project by analyzing commonly used sources (such as printed material and Virginia Company records), as well as those not usually utilized (such as Exchequer and Chancery court records, a churchwarden's accounts, and other local records). The book takes several cues from scholarly work analyzing fragmentary evidence about early modern people, mentioning in particular the influence of Marisa J. Fuentes and her careful uncovering of the experiences of the marginalized, silenced, and forgotten.2 It shows that much may be gleaned from the primary sources about how settler colonialism in Virginia was understood and confronted by a wider range of English people than have usually been considered in historical scholarship, including women, poor people, orphans, indentured servants, local authorities, and other potential migrants. The Virginia Venture will likely draw comparisons to another recent book on the impact of colonization of Virginia in [End Page 776] England, Lauren Working's The Making of an Imperial Polity, which focuses primarily on how overseas colonization influenced the ways English gentlemen adopted cultural practices to present themselves as allegedly civilized in relation to imperial pursuits.3 In contrast, Ewen analyzes a wider section of English society and how it interacted with and potentially benefited economically from colonialism. But both books add much-needed nuance to our understanding of the early English Empire and how colonialism in Virginia affected not only the situation in the colony itself but English society more broadly. Ewen begins with a consideration of how people in the early seventeenth century learned about Virginia via news and information (and uncertainty surrounding news and information) that circulated about the colony and gradually reached a wide range of English women and men. In addition to focusing on printed matter sponsored by the Virginia Company, including sermons and ballads, Ewen also examines the role of gossip and rumor in constructing narratives about an imagined idea of Virginia. Such gossip emerged from correspondence as well as word of mouth, especially in port cities and towns, and often referred to tense relations with Indigenous people in the colony. The book also examines the circulation of material evidence, such as animal and plant specimens, that colonists sometimes sent back to England. Together, such evidence worked to create "a picture of Virginia . . . in the minds of potential colonists and investors, as well as a broader public audience" (34). This image—which is one of contrasts and of both uncertainty and potential opportunity in the colonial venture—sets the stage for the remaining encounters that Ewen considers. The next two chapters explore the ways English people invested monetarily in the Virginia Company—not only those who purchased company...
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