The Open Biochemistry Journal最新文献

{"title":"Age related metabolic syndrome among hemodialysis patients in gorgan, iran.","authors":"Abdoljalal Marjani,&nbsp;Mohammad Moujerloo,&nbsp;Sharabeh Hezarkhani","doi":"10.2174/1874091X01307010015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X01307010015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People with metabolic syndrome are at high risk for developing cardiovascular disease. The present study aimed to determine the age related metabolic syndrome of hemodialysis patients. The biochemical parameters and demographic information were registered. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was significantly high in ages 50-59 and 60-69 years in hemodialysis patients when compared with other age groups (P< 0.05). There was elevated frequency of metabolic syndrome from age 50-59 and 40-49 years in male and female hemodialysis patients, respectively. The frequency of metabolic syndrome in female subjects (65.27%) was higher than male (47.14%, P<0.05). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was high in ages 50-59 years in males and females. There was a significant difference in hemodialysis patients with metabolic syndrome in ages 50-59 years in males and from ages 40-49, 50-59 and 60-69 years in females (P< 0.05). Our results show that 25.71%, 18.57% and 2.86% males and 36.11%, 20.83% and 8.33% females had three, four and five criteria for metabolic syndrome, respectively. The results of this study showed that females patients were more affected than males. This may depended on the specific lifestyle alterations among females and males patients in this area.</p>","PeriodicalId":515405,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":"7 ","pages":"15-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ba/13/TOBIOCJ-7-15.PMC3582013.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31372190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Glycemic Excursion in Patients with New Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus before and after Treatment with Repaglinide.","authors":"Sharabeh Hezarkhani,&nbsp;Shokufeh Bonakdaran,&nbsp;Reza Rajabian,&nbsp;Najmeh Shahini,&nbsp;Abdoljalal Marjani","doi":"10.2174/1874091X01307010019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X01307010019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to industrialization and sedentary life, incidence of type 2 diabetes (DM2) is increasing seriously. Repaglinide is a glucose reducing agent that predominantly reduces post-prandial glucose. Continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) monitors blood glucose excursions over a 3-day period. CGMS can be used as a therapeutic and diagnostic instrument in diabetics. There are not enough studies about using CGMS in DM2. The aim of this study was to determine the blood glucose excursions in patients with new onset of DM2. 10 patients with new onset of DM2 were entered to this study. As the first therapeutic management, patients received diabetic diet and moderate exercise for 3-weeks, if they did not achieve blood glucose goal (Fasting blood glucoser (FBG) <120mg/dl, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2hpp) <180mg/dl), were considered to undergo 3-days CGMS at baseline and after 4-weeks on Repaglinide (0.5mg three times before meals). Mean excursions of blood glucose were not different at the onset and at the end of treatment (6±4.05 VS 7.6±5.2 episodes, P=0.49). There were also no significant differences between mean duration of hypoglycemic episodes (zero VS 5.1±14.1 hours, P =0.28) and hyperglycemic episodes before and after therapy (7.6±5.2 VS 5.7±4.1, P=0.42), but mean hyperglycemia duration was significantly reduced at the end of therapy (21±26.17 VS 57.7±35.3, P=0.001). Patients experienced a mean of 0.3±0.67 episodes of hypoglycemia after therapy showed no significant difference before it (P =0.19). Mean FBG (with CGMS) was significantly lower after therapy than before it (142.9±54.31 VS 222.9±82.6, P <0.001). This study showed the usefulness of CGMS not only as a diagnostic but also as an educational and therapeutic tool that in combination with Repaglinide (with the lowest effective dose and duration) can significantly reduce FBG and glycemic excursions in DM2 patients and hypoglycemic events are low.</p>","PeriodicalId":515405,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":"7 ","pages":"19-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/60/34/TOBIOCJ-7-19.PMC3601336.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31425733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypothetical two-step initiation of experimental carcinogenesis by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aminoazo dyes.","authors":"Bodo Contag","doi":"10.2174/1874091X01206010040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X01206010040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A new hypothesis is discussed, which describes the initiation of the carcinogenesis through polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and aminoazo dyes (AZOs) as a two-step process: the oncogenic proteins of the ras or ras-like on-cogenes activated by mutation (\"initiation A \") co-operate with the complexes in the plasma membrane formed during the \"initiation B \" stage from the parent compounds of the PAHs or AZOs with cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I. The final result of this co-operation, or the \"complete initiation\", is an irreversibly modified membrane architecture with negative consequences for growth control.</p>","PeriodicalId":515405,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":"6 ","pages":"40-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ce/39/TOBIOCJ-6-40.PMC3349946.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30614663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Density Lipoprotein and it's Dysfunction.","authors":"Esin Eren,&nbsp;Necat Yilmaz,&nbsp;Ozgur Aydin","doi":"10.2174/1874091X01206010078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X01206010078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) levels do not predict functionality and composition of high-density lipoprotein(HDL). Traditionally, keeping levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) down and HDL-C up have been the goal of patients to prevent atherosclerosis that can lead to coronary vascular disease(CVD). People think about the HDL present in their cholesterol test, but not about its functional capability. Up to 65% of cardiovascular death cannot be prevented by putative LDL-C lowering agents. It well explains the strong interest in HDL increasing strategies. However, recent studies have questioned the good in using drugs to increase level of HDL. While raising HDL is a theoretically attractive target, the optimal approach remains uncertain. The attention has turned to the quality, rather than the quantity, of HDL-C. An alternative to elevations in HDL involves strategies to enhance HDL functionality. The situation poses an opportunity for clinical chemists to take the lead in the development and validation of such biomarkers. The best known function of HDL is the capacity to promote cellular cholesterol efflux from peripheral cells and deliver cholesterol to the liver for excretion, thereby playing a key role in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). The functions of HDL that have recently attracted attention include anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. High antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of HDL are associated with protection from CVD.This review addresses the current state of knowledge regarding assays of HDL functions and their relationship to CVD. HDL as a therapeutic target is the new frontier with huge potential for positive public health implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":515405,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":"6 ","pages":"78-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1874091X01206010078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30830337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical and computational approaches to improve the clinical treatment of dopa decarboxylase-related diseases: an overview.","authors":"Barbara Cellini,&nbsp;Riccardo Montioli,&nbsp;Elisa Oppici,&nbsp;Carla Borri Voltattorni","doi":"10.2174/1874091X01206010131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X01206010131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dopa decarboxylase (DDC) is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that by catalyzing the decarboxylation of L-Dopa and L-5-hydroxytryptophan produces the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin. The functional properties of pig kidney and human DDC enzymes have been extensively characterized, and the crystal structure of the enzyme in the holo- and apo-forms has been elucidated. DDC is a clinically relevant enzyme since it is involved in Parkinson's disease (PD) and in aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency. PD, a chronic progressive neurological disorder characterized by tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity and postural instability, results from the degeneration of dopamine-producing cells in the substantia nigra of the brain. On the other hand, AADC deficiency is a rare debilitating recessive genetic disorder due to mutations in AADC gene leading to the inability to synthesize dopamine and serotonin. Development delay, abnormal movements, oculogyric crises and vegetative symptoms characterize this severe neurometabolic disease. This article is an up to date review of the therapies currently used in the treatment of PD and AADC deficiency as well as of the recent findings that, on one hand provide precious guidelines for the drug development process necessary to PD therapy, and, on the other, suggest an aimed therapeutic approach based on the elucidation of the molecular defects of each variant associated with AADC deficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":515405,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":"6 ","pages":"131-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/68/8a/TOBIOCJ-6-131.PMC3528064.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31144488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of peppermint oil on serum lipid peroxidation and hepatic enzymes after immobility stress in mice.","authors":"Abdoljalal Marjani,&nbsp;Reza Rahmati,&nbsp;Azad Reza Mansourian,&nbsp;Gholamreza Veghary","doi":"10.2174/1874091X01206010051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X01206010051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was undertaken to determine the influences of various doses of peppermint oil on the hepatic en-zymes, alanine transaminase, apartate tranaminase, alkaline phosphotase and gamma glutamyl transferase and the level of malondialdehyde in the serum of mice with and without immobility stress. The mice exposed to drink water, 0.9, 27 and 60 mg/kg peppermint oil from the days 1 to 5 for a period of 4 h before and after immobility stress. Serum MDA in-creased in treatment group II, III and IV after immobility stress. There was a significant decrease in ALT in treatment group III and IV after immobility stress. There were also significant decreases in ALP and GGT in treatment group IV af-ter immobility stress. This result may suggest that, MDA level is higher in immobilization stress group than in the un-immobilized animals in serum and this results show that enzyme activities decreased after immobilization stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":515405,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":"6 ","pages":"51-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1874091X01206010051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30660183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histidine 117 in the His-Gly-Ser-Asp motif is Required for the Biochemical Activities of Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase of Mycobacterium smegmatis.","authors":"Muthu Arumugam,&nbsp;Parthasarathi Ajitkumar","doi":"10.2174/1874091X01206010071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X01206010071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDK), which is widely conserved in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, maintains a balanced pool of nucleotide triphosphates and their deoxy derivatives. NDKs from bacterial and other systems contain the conserved HGSD motif, where the His residue is required for the biochemical activities, namely the NTPase (AT-Pase and GTPase), NTP synthesising, and autophosphorylation activities of the enzyme. Amino acid sequence homology comparison of the NDK of Mycobacterium smegmatis (MsmNDK) with the NDKs of other bacterial genera showed the presence of H(117)GSD motif. While the recombinant wild type MsmNDK showed the NTPase, NTP synthesising, and autophosphorylation activities, the H117Q mutation abolished the biochemical activities of the recombinant MsmNDK-H117Q mutant protein in vitro. These observations demonstrate that the H117 residue in the HGSD motif is required for the biochemical activities of MsmNDK.</p>","PeriodicalId":515405,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":"6 ","pages":"71-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1874091X01206010071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30830335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Carotenoid-protein Complexes and Gene Expression Analysis Associated with Carotenoid Sequestration in Pigmented Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) Storage Root.","authors":"Luiz Joaquim Castelo Branco Carvalho,&nbsp;John Lippolis,&nbsp;Songbi Chen,&nbsp;Claudia Regina Batista de Souza,&nbsp;Eduardo A Vieira,&nbsp;James V Anderson","doi":"10.2174/1874091X01206010116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X01206010116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carotenoid-protein complex (CPC) was isolated from chromoplast-enriched suspensions of cassava storage root (CSR) using size exclusion chromatography and characterized. Peptide sequences (LC_MS/MS spectrum) obtained from CPC and their corresponding proteins were obtained using publically available databases. Small Heat Shock Proteins (sHSPs) were the most abundant proteins identified in the CPC. Western blot analysis showed that Fribrillin and Or-protein were present in chromoplast-enriched suspensions of yellow root but not in the complex or white root. Results from qRT-PCR helped identify an isoform of HSP21 possessing four single point mutations in the intense yellow CSR that may be responsible for increased sequestration of b-carotene.</p>","PeriodicalId":515405,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":"6 ","pages":"116-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f3/4a/TOBIOCJ-6-116.PMC3514709.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31115283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coherent Behavior and the Bound State of Water and K(+) Imply Another Model of Bioenergetics: Negative Entropy Instead of High-energy Bonds.","authors":"Laurent Jaeken,&nbsp;Vladimir Vasilievich Matveev","doi":"10.2174/1874091X01206010139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X01206010139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Observations of coherent cellular behavior cannot be integrated into widely accepted membrane (pump) theory (MT) and its steady state energetics because of the thermal noise of assumed ordinary cell water and freely soluble cytoplasmic K(+). However, Ling disproved MT and proposed an alternative based on coherence, showing that rest (R) and action (A) are two different phases of protoplasm with different energy levels. The R-state is a coherent metastable low-entropy state as water and K(+) are bound to unfolded proteins. The A-state is the higher-entropy state because water and K(+) are free. The R-to-A phase transition is regarded as a mechanism to release energy for biological work, replacing the classical concept of high-energy bonds. Subsequent inactivation during the endergonic A-to-R phase transition needs an input of metabolic energy to restore the low entropy R-state. Matveev's native aggregation hypothesis allows to integrate the energetic details of globular proteins into this view.</p>","PeriodicalId":515405,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":"6 ","pages":"139-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/32/4c/TOBIOCJ-6-139.PMC3527877.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31144490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptional and secretomic profiling of epidermal cells exposed to alpha particle radiation.","authors":"Vinita Chauhan,&nbsp;Matthew Howland,&nbsp;Hillary Boulay Greene,&nbsp;Ruth C Wilkins","doi":"10.2174/1874091X01206010103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X01206010103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alpha (α)-particle emitters are probable isotopes to be used in a terrorist attack. The development of biological assessment tools to identify those who have handled these difficult to detect materials would be an asset to our current forensic capacity. In this study, for the purposes of biomarker discovery, human keratinocytes were exposed to α-particle and X-radiation (0.98 Gy/h at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 Gy) and assessed for differential gene and protein expression using microarray and Bio-Plex technology, respectively. Secretomic analysis of supernatants showed expression of two pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-13 and PDGF-bb) to be exclusively affected in α-particle exposed cells. The highest dose of α-particle radiation modulated a total of 67 transcripts (fold change>|1.5|, (False discovery rate) FDR<0.05) in exposed cells. Several genes which responded with high expression levels (>2 fold) included KIF20A, NEFM, C7orf10, HIST1H2BD, BMP6, and HIST1H2AC. Among the high expressing genes, five (CCNB2, BUB1, NEK2, CDC20, AURKA) were also differentially expressed at the medium (1.0 Gy) dose however, these genes were unmodulated following exposure to X-irradiation. Networks of these genes clustered around tumor protein-53 and transforming growth factor-beta signaling. This study has identified some potential gene /protein responses and networks that may be validated further to confirm their specificity and potential to be signature biomarkers of α-particle exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":515405,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":"6 ","pages":"103-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/02/35/TOBIOCJ-6-103.PMC3447166.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30926906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}