Travel Behaviour and Society最新文献

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Inferring travel time preferences through a contextual feature fusion approach
IF 5.1 2区 工程技术
Travel Behaviour and Society Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101023
Adir Solomon , Johannes De Smedt , Monique Snoeck
{"title":"Inferring travel time preferences through a contextual feature fusion approach","authors":"Adir Solomon ,&nbsp;Johannes De Smedt ,&nbsp;Monique Snoeck","doi":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Digital navigation services are extensively employed to provide travelers with recommendations for reaching their destinations. However, most current navigation services primarily focus on time and distance when suggesting routes, neglecting the consideration of the value of travel time (VTT). VTT represents a mobility paradigm that recognizes travel time as an opportunity for various activities, such as work tasks or leisurely pursuits like listening to music. The incorporation of VTT facilitates the provision of personalized recommendations tailored to travelers’ individual preferences. In this study, we assess travelers’ VTT using four distinct elements: paid work, personal tasks, enjoyment, and fitness. To infer VTT, we propose an innovative approach that fuses features extracted from different contexts, including physical conditions (e.g., weather) and traveler attributes (e.g., gender, age). These extracted features are then input into our suggested machine learning framework, which comprises boosted decision trees and deep learning Transformers. The results demonstrate that our framework provides the most accurate VTT predictions when compared to traditional machine learning models and rule-based baselines. Additionally, the analysis of travelers’ VTT predictions reveals several intriguing patterns that contribute to a better understanding of their decision-making process when selecting a travel route.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51534,"journal":{"name":"Travel Behaviour and Society","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101023"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What kinds of people expect to travel by car more, or less, for non-commute purposes in the post-pandemic era? A latent class approach
IF 5.1 2区 工程技术
Travel Behaviour and Society Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2025.100986
Jason Soria , Seung Eun Choi , Xinyi Wang , Patricia L. Mokhtarian
{"title":"What kinds of people expect to travel by car more, or less, for non-commute purposes in the post-pandemic era? A latent class approach","authors":"Jason Soria ,&nbsp;Seung Eun Choi ,&nbsp;Xinyi Wang ,&nbsp;Patricia L. Mokhtarian","doi":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.100986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.100986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As restrictions eased coming out of the COVID-19 pandemic, travel behavior began settling into a “new normal”, due in large measure to trends in internet-based activities. Growth in teleworking, grocery delivery, and online retail during the pandemic has changed how people travel. The relationships between teleworking, activity engagement, household characteristics, personal attitudes, and expectations toward travel as the pandemic wound down invite rigorous investigation. Importantly, changes in work and non-commute activity engagement may signal the need for significant policy considerations. While many studies have focused on the adoption of teleworking, with its direct impacts on <em>commute</em> travel, this research investigates <em>non-commute</em> travel, specifically by car. Using data collected from three North American regions in the summer of 2022 (N = 2,108), we develop a latent class choice model to examine the factors associated with workers’ expectations to decrease, keep the same, or increase non-commute travel by car “as the pandemic continues to wind down”. We find diverging impacts of explanatory variables on non-commute travel expectations between the two latent classes identified. Specifically, we find that teleworking, online and in-person activity frequency, residential location, and household characteristics have different, and nearly opposite, impacts on future non-commute travel when controlling for survey respondents’ attitudes toward travel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51534,"journal":{"name":"Travel Behaviour and Society","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100986"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Self vs employer paid parking impact on mode choice – The Melbourne downtown commute in an era of driverless cars
IF 5.1 2区 工程技术
Travel Behaviour and Society Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101022
Fuad Yasin Huda , Graham Currie , Allan Pimenta , Liton Md Kamruzzaman
{"title":"Self vs employer paid parking impact on mode choice – The Melbourne downtown commute in an era of driverless cars","authors":"Fuad Yasin Huda ,&nbsp;Graham Currie ,&nbsp;Allan Pimenta ,&nbsp;Liton Md Kamruzzaman","doi":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Driverless Car (DC) has the potential to revolutionize the mode choice behaviour of downtown or CBD (Central Business District) commuters. This group generally experience high parking costs, which can potentially be eliminated due to the self-parking capabilities of DCs to access free-parking zones. However, it is unclear how this will impact mode switch behaviour in the DC era, and particularly, how current parking payment mechanisms (self vs. employer paid) will interact with future mode switch behaviour. This paper addresses these gaps by collecting and analysing data from 528 Melbourne CBD car commuters. Results from panel logistic regression indicate that on aggregate, 54% car commuters would opt to DC commuting. However, this proportion increases to 61% among self-paid parking commuters but drops to 47.6% for those with employer-paid parking, indicating a significant association between current parking payment arrangements and future intentions to use DCs for CBD commutes. Regression results show that travel cost, parking payment arrangement, individuals place of residence, DC demonstration approach and the degree of DC awareness have statistically significant impact on mode switch decision. Results will assist transport practitioners and legislators in understanding the association between parking payment arrangements and mode switch behaviour, along with the factors influencing this mode switch. This insight will also help policy advisors to plan in advance proactive travel demand and parking management planning with DCs in CBDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51534,"journal":{"name":"Travel Behaviour and Society","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101022"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mode choices under car-reducing scenarios: Measurable factors and latent attitudes
IF 5.1 2区 工程技术
Travel Behaviour and Society Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101001
Filippos Adamidis, Christelle Al Haddad, Mohamed Abouelela, Constantinos Antoniou
{"title":"Mode choices under car-reducing scenarios: Measurable factors and latent attitudes","authors":"Filippos Adamidis,&nbsp;Christelle Al Haddad,&nbsp;Mohamed Abouelela,&nbsp;Constantinos Antoniou","doi":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing use of private automobiles in cities has been linked with negative environmental effects, accidents and public space misuse. Several mitigation measures have been proposed, and fewer have been implemented, aiming to push drivers from using cars or to attract them to alternative modes of transport. This study overcomes literature gaps by developing a mode choice model that incorporates owned, public and shared modes under <em>bundles</em> of car-reducing measures, aspiring to achieve a shift from private cars towards modes with milder externalities, while also accounting for attitudinal factors. For this purpose, an online survey was conducted in Munich, Germany, collecting information about the respondents’ choices with car use constraints, their current travel behaviour, their sociodemographic characteristics and attitudes towards car ownership and the environment. Using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and hybrid choice modelling (HCM), we determined that mode choices are not only influenced by the attributes of the modes but also by the personal characteristics of the respondents, their underlying attitudes and long-term mobility decisions. The obtained model was applied to a sensitivity analysis highlighting the proposed measures’ potential to reduce the share of private cars. The results revealed that improving conditions for active mobility and reducing the speed limit for road traffic could yield the highest reduction in private car use among the proposed measures. This study could have important behavioural implications for policymakers and lays the ground for an extensive simulation-based policy assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51534,"journal":{"name":"Travel Behaviour and Society","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101001"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Out-of-home activity adaptations of commuters and non-workers to the power outage at home induced by hurricane Irma
IF 5.1 2区 工程技术
Travel Behaviour and Society Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101017
Ruijie “Rebecca” Bian , Pamela Murray-Tuite , Kris Wernstedt , Seth Guikema
{"title":"Out-of-home activity adaptations of commuters and non-workers to the power outage at home induced by hurricane Irma","authors":"Ruijie “Rebecca” Bian ,&nbsp;Pamela Murray-Tuite ,&nbsp;Kris Wernstedt ,&nbsp;Seth Guikema","doi":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compared to hurricane evacuation travel, considerably less is known about travel by those who remain in the at-risk area and experience utility/infrastructure disruptions. How do people adapt their activities/travels in the aftermath especially with the impact of a power outage at home? With data collected after Hurricane Irma (2017), this study focuses on understanding commuters’ and non-workers’ activity participation and the interrelationships among those activities, by testing the significance of variables typically used in activity-based travel demand modeling studies. Its purpose is to compare the modeling results with those from past studies made in normal situations so that potential behavior changes (reflected by the parameter significance) can be observed. This study employs structural equation modeling (SEM) to capture the complex interrelationships among activities. Two major findings from this study are that (1) people are more likely to engage in multiple out-of-home discretionary activities (include dining, social visits, and leisure activities) during a hurricane-induced power outage at home and (2) commuters provided with flexible working arrangements (such as telecommuting) are more likely to work a shorter day during the period. Increased out-of-home discretionary activity participation and decreased working duration are likely to cause activity/trip pattern changes from an aggregate view. Such changes can affect the decision-making of public agencies, such as the priority placed on different locations for debris removal and power restoration. This study serves as a starting point and contributes to future studies making more in-depth investigations into post-impact travel and travel during infrastructure disruptions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51534,"journal":{"name":"Travel Behaviour and Society","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101017"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The effect of incentives on the actions transit riders make in response to crowding
IF 5.1 2区 工程技术
Travel Behaviour and Society Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101018
Bogdan Kapatsila , Dea van Lierop , Francisco J. Bahamonde Birke , Emily Grisé
{"title":"The effect of incentives on the actions transit riders make in response to crowding","authors":"Bogdan Kapatsila ,&nbsp;Dea van Lierop ,&nbsp;Francisco J. Bahamonde Birke ,&nbsp;Emily Grisé","doi":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Public transit crowding has a significant influence on riders’ satisfaction and needs to be tackled using both demand and supply management approaches. In this study, we focus on the policy response to public transit crowding using various customer incentive schemes. By analyzing data from a stated preference survey collected in Metro Vancouver, Canada, during the COVID-19 pandemic, we identified the differences in preferences for various incentive schemes on public transit and assessed the relationship between the riders’ eagerness to modify their travel patterns in response to crowding and the likelihood to respond to incentives that influence them to do the same. Our findings suggest that people who favor incentives tend to be more likely to change their travel behavior in response to crowding and that incentives that reduce the cost of travel on public transit have more potential to shift riders’ travel time, while other incentives (like participation in a raffle, or smartphone game points) have a more pronounced effect on the decision to travel via a less crowded public transit route. Demographic-specific preferences for various incentive schemes were also identified; for example, individuals in the 20–34 age group were found to be more likely to respond to incentives, while full-time workers had a lower propensity to do that. The findings of this study are aimed at public transit agencies interested in employing policy instruments to manage transit crowding and researchers seeking to advance the knowledge about the influence of personal preferences on travel behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51534,"journal":{"name":"Travel Behaviour and Society","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101018"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Heterogeneity in willingness to pay, trust, hedonic motivation and social conformity towards Automated Taxis: A comparative study between the UK and China
IF 5.1 2区 工程技术
Travel Behaviour and Society Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2025.100992
Hao Yin , Elisabetta Cherchi
{"title":"Heterogeneity in willingness to pay, trust, hedonic motivation and social conformity towards Automated Taxis: A comparative study between the UK and China","authors":"Hao Yin ,&nbsp;Elisabetta Cherchi","doi":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.100992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.100992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a study on cross-national heterogeneity between the UK and China in the preferences for Automated Taxis (ATs) and its determinants. A stated choice survey (including level of service, in-vehicle features and social conformity attributes) and a set of psychological statements (to measure trust, hedonic motivation and injunctive norms) were designed and distributed in both countries. Hybrid choice models were estimated to jointly quantify the effects of both objective and psychological factors after controlling for scale. Results confirm strong heterogeneity between the UK and China in the preference for AT and its determinants, also after controlling for differences in individual-related characteristics. Other than travel time and cost, our results confirm the importance of waiting time also in the choice of AT and show the importance of new elements such as in-vehicle features, customer reviews and to less extent the number of customers. Significant heterogeneity is found between the UK and China in all these elements with the exception of in-vehicle features. Among the three latent variables analysed, trust emerges as the most significantly different. The impact of trust in the UK is four times higher than in China, whereas the impact of hedonic motivation is roughly twice as large and the impact of injunctive norms is the same. The marginal rate of substitution suggests that policies aiming at targeting latent constructs might be more effective in the UK than in China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51534,"journal":{"name":"Travel Behaviour and Society","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100992"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Understanding the impact of COVID-19 on travel mode choices and predicting the modal shift after the pandemic
IF 5.1 2区 工程技术
Travel Behaviour and Society Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101019
Sanjeev Bista , Benoit Thierry , Rodrigo Victoriano-Habit , Ahmed El-Geneidy , Yan Kestens
{"title":"Understanding the impact of COVID-19 on travel mode choices and predicting the modal shift after the pandemic","authors":"Sanjeev Bista ,&nbsp;Benoit Thierry ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Victoriano-Habit ,&nbsp;Ahmed El-Geneidy ,&nbsp;Yan Kestens","doi":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the COVID-19 pandemic, the measures taken by authorities to contain the virus and the fear of being infected resulted in reduced human mobility. Even though studies have made an effort to understand the changes in human mobility patterns resulted due to the pandemic, their findings are inconclusive for totally relying on aggregated data collected at ridership level rather than information at the individual-level. Our study uses four waves of travel survey data collected before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, in Montreal, to assess the determinants of mode choice and to analyse changes in travel behavior and mode choices. We had 2933 work-related trips from 1275 participants, of which only 290 participants responding in both wave 1 and wave 4 qualified for the mode prediction analysis. We applied a multinominal multilevel analysis to explore predictors of travel behaviour, and a classical multinominal model to analyse mode choice change. Our study’s findings show a huge decline in public transit use during COVID-19 and that it gradually increased after COVID-19, even though it was not comparable to the pre-pandemic level. The odds of public transit users shifting back to public transit after the pandemic was 22.54 (95%CI: 7.29, 69.66) times higher than choosing private motorized vehicles, while the rebound of active transport users was relatively higher (OR: 52.71, 95%CI: 8.68, 320.20). Our study implies that not all the sustainable mode users have returned to using the modes after COVID-19, and it stands as a challenge for transport authorities to develop appropriate strategies to encourage them to rebound.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51534,"journal":{"name":"Travel Behaviour and Society","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101019"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploring the interaction between perceived risk and travel flexibility in daily mobility change: Evidence from Hong Kong’s COVID-19 pandemic
IF 5.1 2区 工程技术
Travel Behaviour and Society Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101015
Lingwei Zheng , Mei-Po Kwan , Jianwei Huang , Dong Liu
{"title":"Exploring the interaction between perceived risk and travel flexibility in daily mobility change: Evidence from Hong Kong’s COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Lingwei Zheng ,&nbsp;Mei-Po Kwan ,&nbsp;Jianwei Huang ,&nbsp;Dong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically altered urban transportation patterns, leading to significant changes in people’s daily travel behavior. Scholars have attributed this shift to individuals’ perceived pandemic risk, suggesting that higher perceived risk discourages daily travel. However, existing research has produced mixed results regarding the relationship between perceived risk and mobility. This study aims to clarify these conflicting findings by proposing that travel flexibility moderates the relationship between perceived COVID-19 risk and daily mobility. Based on online survey data from Hong Kong and employing a logistic regression model, our findings show that the impact of perceived risk on daily mobility varies according to individuals’ levels of travel flexibility. Specifically, individuals with low travel flexibility experience a significant reduction in mobility due to perceived risk, whereas those with high travel flexibility are relatively unaffected. This research underscores the complex interplay between perceived risk, travel flexibility, and daily mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the critical role that travel flexibility plays in understanding the relationship between perceived risk and mobility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51534,"journal":{"name":"Travel Behaviour and Society","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101015"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143479204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unveiling the retardant effectiveness of node-based driving restriction policies in mitigating congestion
IF 5.1 2区 工程技术
Travel Behaviour and Society Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101014
Zixuan Zhao, Kunhui Ye
{"title":"Unveiling the retardant effectiveness of node-based driving restriction policies in mitigating congestion","authors":"Zixuan Zhao,&nbsp;Kunhui Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traffic congestion continues to pose a significant challenge to sustainable urbanization, prompting many cities to implement driving restriction policies. Node-based driving restrictions (NDRs), designed to regulate vehicle movements through critical nodes in a transportation network, have emerged as a popular and effective strategy for alleviating congestion. Although numerous efforts have been made to examine the essence of NDRs, their mechanism and overall effectiveness remains unclear. By drawing an analogy to the behavior of flame retardants in composite material combustion, this study explores the effectiveness of NDRs and the conditions necessary to optimize their impact. A retardant model was proposed and tested using the case of Chongqing, China. The Baidu Traffic API data were analyzed employing difference-in-differences (DID) and triple differences (DDD) methods. The results indicate that NDRs exert retardant effects by temporarily reducing congestion peaks. NDRs improve vehicle flow within the network, shorten vehicle queues, and limit the spread of congestion. Furthermore, congestion resulting from flexible travel patterns is more susceptible to the impacts of NDRs, suggesting that assessments of NDRs’ effectiveness should consider the moderating effect of flexible travel behaviors. These findings advocate for the broader validation and implementation of NDRs, highlighting their cost-effectiveness and adaptability in developing flexible congestion mitigation strategies. They also provide novel insights into congestion reduction and offer guidance for optimizing restriction policies in dynamic travel patterns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51534,"journal":{"name":"Travel Behaviour and Society","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101014"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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