Travel Behaviour and Society最新文献

{"title":"Integrating Virtual Reality-based eye-tracking with urban digital twin for unveiling pedestrian visual attention in wayfinding tasks","authors":"Yinghong Jiang ,&nbsp;Yao Yao ,&nbsp;Qing Yu ,&nbsp;Ziwei Jiang ,&nbsp;Xuanyu Liu ,&nbsp;Jiaxing Li ,&nbsp;Haoran Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban navigation relies heavily on signage, yet pedestrian visual interaction with these cues in complex environments is not yet fully quantified. This study developed an immersive Virtual Reality platform integrating eye-tracking with a detailed, photogrammetry-based 3D model that captures real-world geometric and textural features to investigate the gazing behavior and visual attention to support wayfinding signage design. A methodological framework is proposed to extract participants’ gazing behavior and estimate visual attention from eye-tracking data. Leveraging this integrated methodology, VR experiments were then designed to investigate pedestrian gaze behavior under varying signage information densities and different task conditions. An explainable machine learning approach combining XGBoost and SHAP was employed to model and interpret how geometric features like distance, incidence angle, pitch, and sign size influence specific gaze behaviors, distinguishing between focusing and scanning actions. Results revealed that high-information signage enhanced wayfinding efficiency but may increase cognitive load. For sign design, gaze distance and incidence angle were identified as key factors influencing attention, exhibiting non-linear effects and task-dependent thresholds, with distance below 30 m, incidence angle below 46°, and pitch angle below 4.2°associated with increased visual attention. Based on the attentional mechanisms observed, two recommended sign design strategies were proposed according to the task context. The study demonstrates the application of VR and digital twin technology for analyzing visual behavior, providing evidence-based insights for context-aware urban signage design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51534,"journal":{"name":"Travel Behaviour and Society","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 101120"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144888665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing walkability in Hong Kong’s 15-minute transit-oriented development(TOD): insights from street view imagery and local accessibility","authors":"Zidong Yu,&nbsp;Ketong Shen,&nbsp;Xintao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As urban environmental challenges intensify, sustainable transport modes like walking are increasingly prioritized. The 15-minute city model is introduced to support this shift by promoting access to daily essentials within a short walk. While existing research often focuses on accessibility to urban functions, the perceptual experience of the walking environment—especially in transit-oriented developments (TODs) within a 15-minute framework—remains underexplored. This study addresses this gap by developing a data-driven framework to quantitatively assess walkability in Hong Kong’s TOD areas. Our approach integrates two key dimensions: perceptual feeling and local accessibility. First, we use Vision Transformers to analyze street view images (SVIs) and quantify perceptual feelings such as safety, liveliness, and beauty. We employ a generalized additive model (GAM) to analyze how these visual elements correlate with human ratings of walkability. Second, we integrate these perceptual metrics with traditional accessibility measures. These perceptual metrics are then combined with accessibility measures—such as the total number and diversity of local destinations—to create a composite walkability index, mapping and analyzing spatial variations in walkability. This multi-faceted approach provides a more comprehensive understanding of walkability in dense urban contexts. Analysis reveals that street perceptions of safety and liveliness peak in central business districts. These lively areas are characterized by a visual composition rich in buildings and sidewalks, underscoring a positive link between dense urban form and pedestrian activity. These findings suggest that in highly accessible transit-oriented development (TOD) areas, improving pedestrian safety by expanding sidewalk width should be prioritized. By integrating visual perception with accessibility in the 15-minute city framework, practical planning insights to enhance urban walkability are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51534,"journal":{"name":"Travel Behaviour and Society","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 101157"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145416054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Where I live is what I do – The potential of residential choices to determine energy use and travel behaviour of Norwegian movers","authors":"Tanja Scheffler ,&nbsp;Christian A. Klöckner ,&nbsp;Eva Heinen","doi":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Travel behaviour and energy use are strongly linked to the residence and thus to residential choice. However, in residential choice research, there is still limited evidence on how housing and location choice impact both mobility needs and energy decisions over a long time.</div><div>We surveyed Norwegian homebuyers to analyse the extent to which their residential preferences and former home influence the choice of future residence characteristics related to energy and travel demand. These characteristics include dwelling type and size, energy standard, access to parking and public transport as well as proximity to the city centre.</div><div>Our findings indicate that movers select residences that match their preferences for energy- and travel-related attributes. However, the characteristics of the former home also explain the newly chosen characteristics, suggesting loss aversion or a bias of preferences towards the previously experienced. Additionally, the choice of dwelling type constrains subsequent choice options, particularly regarding floor area and centre proximity. Furthermore, high income is associated with less sustainable choices regarding dwelling size and parking access. Generally, characteristics offer co-benefits for reduced energy and travel demand in proximity to the city centre. Smaller dwellings, fewer detached houses and more public transport stops are expected to lead to lower travel demand and energy use. However, these benefits come with trade-offs in energy standard, which tends to be better outside the city centre.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51534,"journal":{"name":"Travel Behaviour and Society","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 101138"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“I care about transport sustainability, but i have children”: Open-text surveys highlight the concerns of families with children","authors":"Elnaz Sarkheyli ,&nbsp;Azadeh Sarkheyli","doi":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The importance of providing access to quality public transport has been discussed in numerous literature and reports. Despite growing recognition of the need for inclusive public transport, the specific mobility needs of children and their caregivers remain largely overlooked in transport planning and evaluation. Conventional assessments—which rely on structured, expert-driven criteria such as accessibility, punctuality, and safety— often fail to capture the nuanced capabilities and unequal access experienced by underrepresented groups, such as families with children. This study addresses this gap by adopting an inductive approach to analyze open-text responses from survey data collected between 2022 and 2023 by the Swedish Public Transport Association. Employing sentiment and content analysis, we investigated how the survey respondents address children-related accessibility challenges and concerns about traveling by public transport while accompanying children. Approximately 15 % of the survey respondents answered the open-text questions, with around 3 % (415 individuals in 2022 and 588 in 2023) specifically mentioning the words “child” or “children.” Reviewing the responses, we identified four key concerns that constrain the capabilities of children and their caregivers: (1) time-management pressures, (2) affordability and value concerns, (3) safety concerns, and (4) comfort and convenience limitations. Through the lenses of transport justice and capability theory, we argue that capability deprivation could reinforce car dependency or reduce mobility and social participation opportunities for families with children. The results underscore the need to integrate child- and caregiver-specific needs into public transport planning and design. Furthermore, this study highlights the value of unstructured public feedback in revealing unmet mobility demands and nuanced quality expectations, which are critical for ensuring equitable access to sustainable transport for all citizens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51534,"journal":{"name":"Travel Behaviour and Society","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 101155"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145319900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grocery shopping and related access trips by mode in Canadian time use surveys","authors":"Ugo Lachapelle ,&nbsp;Chunjiang Li ,&nbsp;Elnaz Yousefzadeh Barri ,&nbsp;Michael Widener","doi":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grocery shopping episodes are often grouped with other shopping in travel surveys, making it difficult to study these activities. This paper explores grocery shopping trips, shopping episode characteristics and participants, and assesses the potential loss of information stemming from the grouping of all shopping activities.</div><div>A sample of metropolitan area respondent data from the Canadian General Social Surveys’ 2010 and 2015 (cycles 24 and 29) time use modules is used. In the 2010 survey, grocery shopping and other shopping is surveyed separately, while the 2015 survey merges all shopping activities. This provides an opportunity to compare these approaches. The characteristics of shopping activities (2010 and 2015) with respect to participation, timing, in-store episode time and trip duration, activity sequences (in-store episodes with access/egress trips), and respondents’ demographics are compared using bivariate tests, and logistic regressions. Activity sequences are assessed using two locations before and two locations after shopping episodes.</div><div>Grocery shopping activity sequences are shorter in duration than other shopping activity sequences. No difference in episode duration is found between gender or income for groceries, while significant differences are found for other shopping. “Home-store-home” by car is the most frequent sequence for all shopping types. Nearly half of the grocery shopping activity sequence is spent on the access and egress trips.</div><div>In logistic regressions, age, gender, employment, and the most frequent travel mode are associated with having performed shopping episodes, regardless of shopping types. Compared to other shopping episodes, grocery shopping is more strongly associated with being 75 or older, being married, from visible minority groups, and with higher education.</div><div>Grocery shopping activities differ from other shopping in terms of participant, timing, duration, and activity sequence. Combining grocery shopping and other shopping in future time use surveys (and in travel surveys) may mask the distinctiveness of grocery shopping episodes, trips and overall sequences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51534,"journal":{"name":"Travel Behaviour and Society","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 101112"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting short-term urban bike sharing demand in a coupled continuous and network space","authors":"Shen Liang ,&nbsp;Yang Xu ,&nbsp;Guangyue Li ,&nbsp;Xiaohu Zhang ,&nbsp;Qiuping Li","doi":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bike sharing systems support sustainable urban development, with accurate demand prediction being essential for efficient operations. Previous studies have primarily modeled spatial dependency of bike sharing demand in Euclidean space or among bike stations, but often overlooked topological dependency of demand shaped by urban transportation networks. Metro and cycling networks could influence bike sharing usage through their functional connections with bike sharing systems. To address this gap, this study proposes GeoTopo-Net, a novel deep learning framework to improve short-term demand forecast for urban bike sharing systems. Different from existing solutions, GeoTopo-Net jointly models dependencies of travel demand in both continuous and network spaces. The model utilizes convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to capture spatial dependency between urban areas and their surroundings, while integrating graph convolutional networks (GCNs) to model the topological dependency introduced by urban transportation networks. Our evaluation across five global cities shows that GeoTopo-Net significantly reduces prediction errors, by up to 8.9% in RMSE, 6.8% in MAE, and 5.9% in MAPE. Incorporating dependencies from metro networks produces notable improvements in high-demand areas and those near the metro stations. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating urban transportation network structures in bike sharing demand forecast. The GeoTopo-Net architecture can also be adapted to improve short-term forecast for different types of travel demand (e.g., ride-hailing; electric vehicle charging demand) that involve complex interdependencies in continuous and network spaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51534,"journal":{"name":"Travel Behaviour and Society","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 101152"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the role of ride-hailing in multimodal travel to maximize travel utility in urban areas","authors":"Yu Bai,&nbsp;Yuanqing Wang,&nbsp;Sen Wei,&nbsp;Yajuan Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nowadays, with the widespread adoption of ride-hailing services, urban residents’ travel mode choice behavior has changed significantly. However, few studies have systematically compared ride-hailing with integrated, door-to-door multimodal public transportation—combining subway, bus, and walking—to better understand travelers’ preferences. In this study, we generated matched travel scenarios using real ride-hailing and public transportation trip records, ensuring consistency in departure times and real-time road traffic conditions. This combined dataset incorporated individual traveler characteristics and built environment factors as both internal and external influences on mode choice. Based on this comprehensive data, we developed an analytical framework and applied a logit model to analyze travel mode selection. Key model variables were identified using SHAP feature importance. Subsequently, we conducted comprehensive numerical experiments and sensitivity analyses to evaluate the impact of differentiated pricing strategies on travel mode choice probabilities and operator revenues. The model was applied to Xi’an, a city with a rapidly expanding subway network. Sensitivity analyses focused on key variables such as departure time, ride-hailing cost, and income. The findings reveal that high-income travelers exhibit lower sensitivity to ride-hailing costs, while low-income groups are more cost-sensitive, particularly during peak periods. Departure time significantly amplifies the effect of public transportation travel time on mode choice. All travelers show a strong preference for ride-hailing when the cost is below 30 RMB, whereas most opt for public transportation when the cost exceeds 50 RMB. Numerical simulations further demonstrate that targeted subsidies for low-income travelers can increase their probability of choosing ride-hailing by more than 30% during peak hours, without compromising operator revenue due to increased ridership and premium pricing for high-income users. These results highlight the need for targeted, data-driven policies to enhance both the efficiency and equity of urban multimodal transit systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51534,"journal":{"name":"Travel Behaviour and Society","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 101150"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyse the moral dilemma facing autonomous vehicles with mixed logit model","authors":"Siying Zhu,&nbsp;Cheng-Hsien Hsieh","doi":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transportation industry has undergone remarkable transformations, driven by the rapid advancements in autonomous vehicle (AV) technology. Level 5 AVs, at the forefront of vehicle automation, completely eradicate the necessity for drivers’ intervention. While there have been remarkable advancements in AV technology, concerns regarding traffic safety and moral dilemmas when Level 5 AVs are involved in collisions have emerged. The objective of this study is to investigate the moral choice behaviour of prospective AV users when they are faced with moral dilemma situations involving Level 5 AVs, where a mixed logit model is formulated based on the stated preference survey in the context of Singapore. The results demonstrate the significant impacts of the affected parties’ gender, age, social importance, law-abidance and nationality on the moral choice behaviour of decision makers in AV moral dilemma. This study could provide policy implications for government planners and AV manufacturers in devising the decision-making model for Level 5 AVs when confronted with moral dilemmas. The insights could also be beneficial for the customers, enabling them to enhance road safety when using AVs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51534,"journal":{"name":"Travel Behaviour and Society","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 101131"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crowdshipping with private autonomous vehicles: Exploring the propensity of car owners","authors":"Yan Hu ,&nbsp;Ying Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Li ,&nbsp;Tao Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As e-commerce and on-demand mobility services continue to experience rapid growth, the demand for parcel delivery has increased, prompting the exploration of innovative solutions like crowdshipping to address transportation challenges. Despite its potential, the current crowdshipping delivery mode grapples with efficiency issues and contributes to heightened traffic congestion. The emergence of autonomous vehicles presents a promising prospect for a new and potentially more efficient delivery mode. Upon completing passenger drop-off at their destinations, autonomous vehicles face the challenge of finding parking spaces or cruising in proximity while waiting for the next call, escalating the pressure on parking and traffic. Integrating idle autonomous vehicles into crowdshipping, however, provides an effective means to optimize resources, reduce the dependence on parking infrastructure, and generate revenue for car owners. In this study, we aim to analyze and understand the behavior and decision-making mechanism of autonomous vehicle owners regarding the adoption of crowdshipping. A stated choice experiment was designed focusing on people’s adoption behavior when traveling in various contexts related to travel purpose, duration, revenue, platform fee, and waiting time. Findings derived from a mixed logit model reveal notable variations in preferences among car owners. Revenue, platform fee, waiting time, and social influence all significantly influence the crowdshipping decision. Moreover, individuals with a college education, employed, and higher income groups showed a greater propensity for adopting crowdshipping. These findings provide valuable insights for crowdshipping operators, urban planners, and other stakeholders involved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51534,"journal":{"name":"Travel Behaviour and Society","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 101141"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding bundle choices and subscription patterns of mobility as a service (MaaS) trial participants: evidence from an Australian university community","authors":"Xin Chen ,&nbsp;Ying Lu ,&nbsp;Jake Whitehead ,&nbsp;Mark Hickman","doi":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding choice preferences and patterns of subscriptions to bundles is a critical prerequisite for the successful introduction and widespread adoption of MaaS. Existing studies on choice preferences for MaaS bundles are limited to a single-choice scenario through stated preference surveys, or to limited choices in small-scale trials with few participants. Unlike behaviours observed in single-choice scenarios, analysing individuals’ bundle choices and budget allocations across subscriptions, based on their subscription sequences, offers a more objective way to understand their MaaS subscription patterns. To contribute new evidence, this study utilises data from a large-scale MaaS trial conducted within a university community in South East Queensland (SEQ), Australia, and examines participants’ bundle subscriptions during semester 1 of 2023. The descriptive analysis reveals that many participants repeatedly purchase the same bundle or select multiple bundle types throughout the semester. Further, there appear to be some factors that affect not only the bundle choices but also the semester-long commitment of students and staff to the MaaS program. To explore this further, our study models participants’ bundle choices and the within-semester subscription patterns using multiple discrete–continuous extreme value (MDCEV) models. The model results highlight the significant impacts of the participants’ gender, user type, age, ability to ride an e-scooter, and motivations for joining the MaaS trial do affect bundle choices and subscription patterns over the semester. Moreover, land use variables corresponding to residential bikeway density, population density, land use mix, percentage of land area dedicated to transport, also seem to affect a participant’s preferences for bundles and subscription patterns. The developed models also account for the heterogeneity in participants’ budget allocations into bundle subscriptions across participant profiles. The findings are insightful in understanding users’ subscription patterns for specific MaaS bundles, thus guiding operators and policymakers to enhance their bundle offerings in real-world MaaS deployment and operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51534,"journal":{"name":"Travel Behaviour and Society","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 101123"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144878465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}