Philosophical Perspectives最新文献

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Plenitude, Coincidence, and Humility 充足、巧合和谦卑
IF 2 1区 哲学
Philosophical Perspectives Pub Date : 2022-12-08 DOI: 10.1111/phpe.12161
Maegan Fairchild
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引用次数: 0
The Power to Govern 治理的权力
IF 2 1区 哲学
Philosophical Perspectives Pub Date : 2022-11-28 DOI: 10.1111/phpe.12168
Erica Shumener
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引用次数: 1
No “Easy” Answers to Ontological Category Questions 本体论范畴问题没有“简单”的答案
IF 2 1区 哲学
Philosophical Perspectives Pub Date : 2022-11-28 DOI: 10.1111/phpe.12162
Vera Flocke, K. Ritchie
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引用次数: 1
Tensed Facts and the Fittingness of our Attitudes 1 紧张的事实与我们态度的适宜性
IF 2 1区 哲学
Philosophical Perspectives Pub Date : 2022-11-28 DOI: 10.1111/phpe.12166
Kristie Miller
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引用次数: 3
Relativity in a Fundamentally Absolute World 一个基本绝对世界中的相对论
IF 2 1区 哲学
Philosophical Perspectives Pub Date : 2022-11-28 DOI: 10.1111/phpe.12164
Jack Spencer
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引用次数: 1
Issue Information 问题信息
IF 2 1区 哲学
Philosophical Perspectives Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1111/phpe.12134
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引用次数: 0
Evidence, ignorance, and symmetry 证据,无知和对称
IF 2 1区 哲学
Philosophical Perspectives Pub Date : 2021-10-31 DOI: 10.1111/phpe.12151
Tamar Lando
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引用次数: 1
Consequences of comparability 可比性的后果
IF 2 1区 哲学
Philosophical Perspectives Pub Date : 2021-10-31 DOI: 10.1111/phpe.12157
C. Dorr, Jacob M. Nebel, Jake Zuehl
{"title":"Consequences of comparability","authors":"C. Dorr, Jacob M. Nebel, Jake Zuehl","doi":"10.1111/phpe.12157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/phpe.12157","url":null,"abstract":"We defend three claims about preference, credence, and choice. First, all agents (not just rational ones) have complete preferences. Second, all agents (again, not just rational ones) have real-valued credences in every proposition in which they are confident to any degree. Third, there is almost always some unique thing we ought to do, want, or believe. These claims may seem absurd. But as we will show, they follow from certain hard-to-resist premises by a principle of the logic of comparatives that we call Comparability. This principle requires, to a first approximation, that if two things are not equally F, then one must be more F than the other. Although many philosophers have rejected Comparability, it is widely assumed in the semantics literature on gradable adjectives and other comparative expressions. In a companion paper (Dorr, Nebel, and Zuehl 2021) we defend its validity. In the present paper, we take Comparability for granted and use it to argue for further controversial conclusions. Of course, those who reject these conclusions may prefer to read the present paper as providing a further battery ofmodus tollens arguments to back up the putative counterexamples that have already convinced so many philosophers to reject Comparability. But we argue, in each case, that the consequences of Comparability are less implausible than they might initially seem. We provide the necessary background in section 1. The rest of the paper draws out our central claims for preference, credence, and choice.","PeriodicalId":51519,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Perspectives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48666615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Moral and epistemic evaluations: A unified treatment 道德和认知评价:统一的处理
IF 2 1区 哲学
Philosophical Perspectives Pub Date : 2021-10-23 DOI: 10.1111/phpe.12159
Bob Beddor
{"title":"Moral and epistemic evaluations: A unified treatment","authors":"Bob Beddor","doi":"10.1111/phpe.12159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/phpe.12159","url":null,"abstract":"A rich tradition in metaethics seeks to explain the meaning of moral language in terms of desire-like attitudes. This approach can be implemented in di erent ways. On a contextualist implementation, moral discourse describes the desire-like attitudes of some agent(s), for example, the speaker or the speaker’s community. On an expressivist implementation, moral discourse does not describe desire-like attitudes; it expresses them. On a relativist implementation, the truth-value of a moral assertion at a context of assessment depends on the desire-like attitudes of the assessor—that is, someone assessing the utterance for truth or falsity. Despite these di erences, all such “attitudinal metaethics” are bound by a common thread: they analyze moral discourse in terms of conative states. Attitudinal metaethicists sometimes propose extending their approach to other varieties of normative discourse, including epistemic discourse.1 A generalized attitudinal semantics along these lines carries obvious attractions. But it also faces important challenges. An initial challenge concerns how to even spell out a generalized attitudinal semantics. While much ink has been spilled in pursuit of a precise attitudinal semantics for moral discourse, the extension to other fragments of normative language has not received a comparable degree of attention. Second, and more worrisome, some philosophers have argued that there are principled obstacles to the very idea of a generalized attitudinal semantics. For example, Boult and Köhler 2020 argue that a generalized attitudinal semantics is under-motivated, since the primary arguments for an attitudinal metaethics do not carry over to the epistemic domain. And Wodak 2017 argues that a generalized attitudinal semantics over-predicts disagreements across normative domains. These obstacles can be used to frame a dilemma for any attempt to generalize an attitudinal semantics. On the one hand, generalizers need to show that there are su cient commonalities between di erent normative domains to warrant a uni ed treatment. On the other hand, generalizers had better not erase the obvious di erences between di erent avors of normative judgment.","PeriodicalId":51519,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Perspectives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44750202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Deference Done Better 尊重得更好
IF 2 1区 哲学
Philosophical Perspectives Pub Date : 2021-10-23 DOI: 10.1111/phpe.12156
Kevin Dorst, B. Levinstein, Bernhard Salow, B. Husic, Branden Fitelson
{"title":"Deference Done Better","authors":"Kevin Dorst, B. Levinstein, Bernhard Salow, B. Husic, Branden Fitelson","doi":"10.1111/phpe.12156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/phpe.12156","url":null,"abstract":"*K.D., B.A.L., andB.S. contributed equally—they jointly proved the theorems andwrote thepaper. †B.E.H. andB.F. pioneered the computationalmethods and located thekey counterexample (Fact 2.1); together, thesemade the rest of the paper possible. Abstract There are many things—call them ‘experts’—that you should defer to in forming your opinions. The trouble is, many experts are modest: they’re less than certain that they are worthy of deference. When this happens, the standard theories of deference break down: the most popular (“Reflection”-style) principles collapse to inconsistency, while their most popular (“New-Reflection”style) variants allow you to defer to someone while regarding them as an anti-expert. We propose a middle way: deferring to someone involves preferring to make any decision using their opinions instead of your own. In a slogan, deferring opinions is deferring decisions. Generalizing the proposal of Dorst (2020a), we first formulate a new principle that shows exactly how your opinions must relate to an expert’s for this to be so. We then build off the results of Levinstein (2019) and CampbellMoore (2020) to show that this principle is also equivalent to the constraint that you must always expect the expert’s estimates to be more accurate than your own. Finally, we characterize the conditions an expert’s opinions must meet to be worthy of deference in this sense, showing how they sit naturally between the too-strong constraints of Reflection and the too-weak constraints of New Reflection.","PeriodicalId":51519,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Perspectives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46816564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
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