Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance最新文献

{"title":"Semiconductor production, geopolitics and the CHIP SACT of 2022: a theoretical analysis","authors":"Katherine Hyatt, Patrick M. Ryle, Mark A. McKnight","doi":"10.1108/dprg-12-2023-0184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/dprg-12-2023-0184","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper aims to examine rising geopolitical tensions associated with the implementation of the US Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors (CHIPS) Act of 2022.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000To provide background for the analysis, the authors conduct a theoretic analysis of the literature to introduce the current geopolitical environment while examining the rising threat of conflict, general factors driving change in the world order, and the critical role that the international semiconductor supply chain plays to all involved.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000In this paper, the authors observe that in good times, economic forces drive capital-intensive industries toward a free-trade-inspired concentration of manufacturing in low-cost centers of production. In challenging economic and geopolitical times, however, the trend reverses toward retrenchment and what some call techno-nationalism. This occurs as nations struggle to secure access to critical sources of supply for themselves while stifling access for competitors and rivals.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000The CHIPS Act of 2022 signifies a pivotal change in global trade dynamics, shifting away from liberal norms to techno-nationalism. This shift may spark supply chain hurdles as countries adopt nationalistic sourcing, potentially causing shortages in vital components like chips. Consequently, consumers may face disruptions as companies seek alternative suppliers, resulting in higher costs and lower-quality products. Supply chain disruptions may also delay product launches, and retaliatory trade actions could affect multiple industries, limiting access to lucrative markets.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The passage of the US CHIPS Act of 2022 has major implications related to global supply chain issues and potential geopolitical concerns. This study uses the threat of potential conflict as a lens for examining the international semiconductor supply chain.\u0000","PeriodicalId":515139,"journal":{"name":"Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141702625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proactive cyber fraud response: a comprehensive framework from detection to mitigation in banks","authors":"Neha Chhabra Roy, Sreeleakha P.","doi":"10.1108/dprg-02-2024-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/dprg-02-2024-0029","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose\u0000This study addresses the ever-increasing cyber risks confronting the global banking sector, particularly in India, amid rapid technological advancements. The purpose of this study is to de velop an innovative cyber fraud (CF) response system that effectively controls cyber threats, prioritizes fraud, detects early warning signs (EWS) and suggests mitigation measures.\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The methodology involves a detailed literature review on fraud identification, assessment methods, prevention techniques and a theoretical model for fraud prevention. Machine learning-based data analysis, using self-organizing maps, is used to assess the severity of CF dynamically and in real-time.\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Findings reveal the multifaceted nature of CF, emphasizing the need for tailored control measures and a shift from reactive to proactive mitigation. The study introduces a paradigm shift by viewing each CF as a unique “fraud event,” incorporating EWS as a proactive intervention. This innovative approach distinguishes the study, allowing for the efficient prioritization of CFs.\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000The practical implications of such a study lie in its potential to enhance the banking sector’s resilience to cyber threats, safeguarding stability, reputation and overall risk management.\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The originality stems from proposing a comprehensive framework that combines machine learning, EWS and a proactive mitigation model, addressing critical gaps in existing cyber security systems.\u0000","PeriodicalId":515139,"journal":{"name":"Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141349851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The strategy of differential pricing and network utilization: evidence from India’s telecommunications sector","authors":"Tapas Sengupta, Dipayan Datta Chaudhuri","doi":"10.1108/dprg-09-2023-0131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/dprg-09-2023-0131","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The network capacity deployed to manage the busy hour (or peak-hour) traffic remains underused during the nonbusy (off-peak) hours. Transferring some traffic from peak-hour to off-peak hours is likely to improve the utilization of network resources during the off-peak hours. This paper aims to examine whether diverting traffic from peak-hour to off-peak hours is possible by adopting the differential pricing policy.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The peak-load pricing theory suggests that the policy of differential pricing is socially optimal when there is peak demand for a particular duration and then there is off-peak demand. In this study, hourly traffic data from both peak and off-peak periods were collected from the Indian telecom service provider, “Aircel.” The paper analyzed the disparity in traffic between peak and off-peak hours using the nonparametric Tukey’s test. An experiment was also conducted to analyze whether a significant shift in telecom traffic occurs from the peak to the off-peak period when a price discount is applied during the off-peak period.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Statistically significant differences were observed in network traffic between peak-hour and off-peak hours. The network utilization of the telecom service provider Aircel was notably lower, particularly during the off-peak hours. The experiment demonstrated a high degree of price sensitivity among telecom service subscribers. Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) has not considered network utilization of telecom service providers as a key performance indicator. Based on the outcomes of the study, this paper recommends that TRAI should adopt a more proactive approach by encouraging telecom service providers to follow the policy of differential pricing to enhance utilization of their network capacity.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper to explore the issue of pricing as a tool for bringing about more uniform movement of telecom traffic, thereby enhancing network utilization within India’s telecommunications sector.\u0000","PeriodicalId":515139,"journal":{"name":"Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance","volume":"55 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141358234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public procurement of smart city services: an exploration of data protection related ex ante transaction costs","authors":"L. Vandercruysse, M. Dooms, C. Buts","doi":"10.1108/dprg-11-2023-0159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/dprg-11-2023-0159","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper examines data protection related ex ante transaction costs borne by the private sector in the context of smart city service (SCS) public tendering in the European Union after the introduction of the General Data Protection Regulation. This study aims to establish the determinants of ex ante transaction costs related to data protection as well as to determine their relevance toward (tender) competition.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000A statistical analysis of a survey sample of 72 SCS tender bids.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The potential of relationship management to foster more private sector investment in data protection for SCSs is established, i.e. stronger ties between parties lead to higher private sector investment. Furthermore, it is found that investing more in data protection can further boost both internal capabilities and the organizational reputation of tendering organizations. Finally, the analysis exposes a potential problem concerning the market for data protection originating from the dominant approach concerning SCS tender bid evaluation.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000SCS tender bid evaluation is not perceived by the evaluated companies as having data protection as a (core) component. As a consequence, there is no strong competition in that specific area. To induce the private sector to structurally develop SCSs that can be expected to safeguard the fundamental rights of citizens, a more thorough evaluation of data protection aspects of bids imposes itself. Such an overhaul is likely to demand additional public sector resources and expertise.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This paper constitutes an early investigation into data protection related ex ante transaction costs borne by private sector actors. Incentives for data protection investment in the context of public procurement procedures are discussed.\u0000","PeriodicalId":515139,"journal":{"name":"Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance","volume":"7 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141228810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital economy and regional innovation: unveiling the spatial dynamics and human capital influence in China","authors":"Ya Bu, Xinghui Yu, Hui Li","doi":"10.1108/dprg-12-2023-0178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/dprg-12-2023-0178","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose\u0000The paper aims to examine the digital economy's influence on China's regional innovation and development. It focuses on direct effects and spatial spillover across regions, and the mediating role of human capital. This analysis is vital for policy and strategic planning in the digital era.\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This study uses panel data from 30 Chinese provinces (2004–2019) and uses the entropy method to quantify the digital economy's development. It investigates its impact on regional innovation using a dynamic spatial Durbin model (SDM) and mediation effect model, assessing direct effects, spatial spillover and human capital's mediating role. Various control variables are included for comprehensive analysis.\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Findings show the digital economy significantly boosts regional innovation, acting as a growth driver. However, impacts vary regionally, with the central region gaining more than the eastern and western areas. Spatial spillover effects are mixed, showing negative short-term and positive long-term impacts under different weight matrices. Human capital is crucial for fostering innovation through the digital economy.\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The paper offers unique insights into the spatial dynamics of the digital economy's impact on regional innovation in China. It advances understanding of the digital economy's role in regional development using innovative methods like the entropy method and dynamic SDM. Highlighting human capital as a key mediating factor enriches discussions on digital economy strategies for regional innovation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":515139,"journal":{"name":"Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance","volume":"3 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140964225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of e-government and digital society indicators over the years: a comparative study of the EU member states","authors":"Martin Lnenicka, Mariusz Luterek, Lorraine Tinashe Majo","doi":"10.1108/dprg-07-2023-0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/dprg-07-2023-0103","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose\u0000Benchmarking e-government and digital society developments using relevant indicators provides crucial insights into what aspects to consider while building a resilient digital society in which digital public services are delivered effectively and sustainably. The purpose of this paper is to analyse selected indices and indicators over the years and provide findings and recommendations on what indicators contribute most to the development.\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000A mixed research approach was used to conduct the research and collect, analyse and interpret data. A qualitative analysis involving the search, decomposition and comparison approaches to identify e-government and digital society reports, indices, rankings and indicators was followed by a quantitative analysis comprising of regression and cluster analyses.\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The findings revealed that changes in the mix of indicators used by e-government and digital society indices can be attributed to advances in ICT and channels through which people communicate and receive information. The authors found that digital and telecommunication infrastructures and the quality of their parameters such as broadband have the biggest influence on progress of the e-government and digital societies developments and contribute most to clustering of the EU member states into groups.\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The paper provides insights into how the structures of related indices changed over the years and how different indicators contribute to benchmarking of e-government and digital society developments by means of their weights. It provides governments with recommendations on which indicators to focus most.\u0000","PeriodicalId":515139,"journal":{"name":"Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141000936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital finance: a developing country perspective with special focus on gender and regional disparity","authors":"Amrita Chatterjee","doi":"10.1108/dprg-10-2023-0149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/dprg-10-2023-0149","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose\u0000Even if digital financial services have a positive impact on financial inclusion, it creates a digital as well as gender divide within and across countries, creating regional disparity even within developing nations. Though pandemic has initiated digitalization of various services, there has been scanty research on whether digital transfer of income can improve digital financial inclusion in post-pandemic era, especially in developing countries. The purpose of the current study is to explain the regional disparity within developing countries from three regions East Asia Pacific, South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, using latest World Findex data, 2021.\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The author takes an instrumental variable approach to run bivariate probit model to find the factors that motivate the users to make digital payments.\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The study observes that electronic transfer of wages, government transfers and remittances can motivate individuals to make use of digital mode of transactions and mobile. The practice of formal saving and borrowings are the prerequisites. However, this mechanism holds good for East Asia Pacific and not for South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, which are poor in information and communication technology infrastructure. Women are lagging behind men, but digital transfer of wages motivate them to make digital transaction.\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000Digitalization of all government services and provision of affordable mobile network and internet services are necessary for regions like South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. In East Asia Pacific region, data protection, data governance and better regulatory framework are required. Higher female labor force participation with digital transfer of wages and empowerment with smartphones are key to reducing the Gender gap.\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The current study corrects for the possible endogeneity issue, which the extant literature has not paid attention to, and provides region-specific and gender-specific policy recommendations for an improved digital inclusion.\u0000","PeriodicalId":515139,"journal":{"name":"Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140654522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing consumer perceptions and adoption intentions of central bank digital currency: a case of the digital rupee","authors":"G. A. Ogunmola, Ujjwal Das","doi":"10.1108/dprg-09-2023-0136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/dprg-09-2023-0136","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose\u0000This paper aims to comprehensively analyze the factors influencing the adoption intentions of the digital rupee, a digital currency, among users in India.\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Drawing upon the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the study examines the relationships between cognitive beliefs (perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived trust, perceived self-efficacy, perceived cost and awareness), affective belief (attitude) and adoption intention of the digital rupee. The study uses a structured questionnaire to collect primary data from 1,707 respondents, which are then analyzed using structural equation modeling.\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The results indicate that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use significantly impact users' attitudes toward the digital rupee, as well as their adoption intentions. The findings further reveal that perceived trust, perceived self-efficacy, and awareness positively influence attitude and adoption intention. On the other hand, perceived cost exhibits a negative effect on attitude and adoption intention. These results provide empirical evidence on the factors that shape users' attitudes and intentions toward adopting the digital rupee.\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000The research methodology used in this study ensures rigorous data collection and analysis. The structured questionnaire enabled the collection of detailed information from a large sample of respondents, allowing for robust statistical analysis. The utilization of structural equation modeling facilitated the examination of complex relationships among variables, enhancing the reliability and validity of the findings.\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000The study's findings offer practical guidance for policymakers, financial institutions and researchers in shaping digital currency regulatory frameworks, tailored financial services and further exploration of adoption dynamics.\u0000\u0000Social implications\u0000The research has social implications by potentially influencing the way individuals and communities in India engage with digital currencies, impacting financial inclusion and digital economic participation.\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This research contributes to the understanding of the adoption of digital currencies in India and provides valuable insights for policymakers, financial institutions and researchers in the field of digital finance and technology adoption.\u0000","PeriodicalId":515139,"journal":{"name":"Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance","volume":"28 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140658158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Place branding as rural development policy in China: the case of Guangshan county","authors":"Yingju Zhang, Saimin Liu, Giovanni Baldi","doi":"10.1108/dprg-02-2023-0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/dprg-02-2023-0032","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose\u0000This paper aims to explore the rationale, the process and the outcomes and risks of place branding in rural China.\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000An in-depth case study analysis, including interviews, has been conducted.\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Place branding in the case of China is practiced and dominated through administrative entities by using subsidies and regional development programs to coordinate, organize and promote local agricultural resources. Although this government-led place branding has effective effects on rural development, it is unsustainable and unstable because it lacks sufficient market and stakeholder participation.\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000The effectiveness of place branding in China has been examined and proved.\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000The government’s role in place branding in China should be adjusted. The government should position itself as a service and auxiliary role. Simultaneously, it should strengthen market-oriented operations and stakeholder participation in place branding.\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This paper is one of the first contributions to examine the impact of place branding as a rural development policy tool in China, and the in-depth case study examines and proves the effectiveness of place branding in rural China.\u0000","PeriodicalId":515139,"journal":{"name":"Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance","volume":" 52","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140683224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of clusters in advancing Industry 4.0 solutions: insights from the Polish automotive context","authors":"Marta Mackiewicz, Marta Götz","doi":"10.1108/dprg-07-2023-0098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/dprg-07-2023-0098","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study is exploratory in nature and designed to address poorly documented issues in the literature. The dimensions of regional distribution or spatial organisation of Industry 4.0 (I4.0), including the potential role of clusters, have only recently been addressed, with most available studies focusing on advanced, mainly Western European countries. Although developing fast, the literature on I4.0 in other countries, such as the Central and Eastern European or post-transition economies like Poland, needs to pay more attention to the spatial distribution or geographical and organisational aspects. In response to the identified knowledge gap, this paper aims to identify the role of clusters in the transformation towards I4.0. This explains why clusters may matter for advancing the fourth digital transformation, how advanced in implementing I4.0 solutions are the residents of Polish clusters and how they perceive the advantages of cluster membership for such implementation. Finally, it seeks to formulate policy recommendations based on the evidence gathered.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The methodology used in this study combines quantitative analysis of secondary data from a cluster benchmarking survey with a case study approach. The benchmarking survey, conducted by the polish agency for enterprise development in 2021, gathered responses from 435 cluster members and 41 cluster managers, representing an estimated 57% of the current clusters in Poland. In addition to quantitative analysis, a case study approach was used, incorporating primary sources such as interview with cluster managers and surveys of cluster members, as well as secondary sources like company documents and information from cluster organisation websites. Statistical analysis involved assessing the relationship between technology implementation and the adoption of management systems, as well as exploring potential correlations between technology use and company characteristics such as revenue, export revenue share and number of employees using Pearson correlation coefficient.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000In Poland, implementing I4.0 technologies by cluster companies is still modest. The cluster has influenced the use of I4.0 technologies in 23% of surveyed companies. Every second surveyed company declared a positive impact of a cluster on technological advancement. The use of I4.0 technologies is not correlated with the revenue of clustered companies. A rather bleak picture emerges from the results, revealing a need for more interest among cluster members in advancing I4.0 technologies. This may be due to a comfortable situation in which firms still enjoy alternative competitive advantages that do not force them to seek new advanced advantages brought about by I4.0. It also reflects the sober approach and awareness of associated high costs and necessary investments, which are paramount and prevent successful I4.0 implementation.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000The limitations inheren","PeriodicalId":515139,"journal":{"name":"Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance","volume":"49 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140730266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}