Economic Systems最新文献_第10页

The gap that survived the transition: The gender wage gap in Estonia over three decades 转型期遗留下来的差距：爱沙尼亚30多年来的性别工资差距

IF 3.1 2区经济学

Economic Systems Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101127

Jaanika Meriküll , Maryna Tverdostup

{"title":"The gap that survived the transition: The gender wage gap in Estonia over three decades","authors":"Jaanika Meriküll , Maryna Tverdostup","doi":"10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper looks at the gender wage gap throughout the transition from communism to capitalism and a time of rapid economic convergence. The case of Estonia is used, and micro data from the Labour Force Survey from 1989 to 2020 are employed. The communist regime had highly regulated wage setting and high levels of educational attainment and labour market participation for women. Although the regime was formally egalitarian, the gender attitudes were conservative and the raw gender wage gap was as large as 41% at the end of the communist period in Estonia. The large gender wage gap under communist rule narrowed quickly during the first years of economic transition, but a further decline in the gap has been slow. The paper has two main messages. The first is that there is strong inertia in the gender wage gap persisting through the communist period and economic convergence. None of the known long-run cultural drivers of gender attitudes can explain this. The second is that the decline in the gap is related to the overall decline in wage inequality, the rise in minimum wages, and more egalitarian gender attitudes. The gender attitudes are responsible for a smaller effect compared to wage inequality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51505,"journal":{"name":"Economic Systems","volume":"47 3","pages":"Article 101127"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44042556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Multilevel determinants of FDI: A regional comparative analysis 外商直接投资的多层次决定因素:区域比较分析

IF 3.1 2区经济学

Economic Systems Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101095

Bibhuti Sarker , John Serieux

{"title":"Multilevel determinants of FDI: A regional comparative analysis","authors":"Bibhuti Sarker , John Serieux","doi":"10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>This study examines firm-, country-, and regional-level determinants of inward foreign direct investment (IFDI) in a three-level logit framework using data on 134 countries. Countries are divided into eight distinct global regions based on their geographic proximity and similarity in macroeconomic settings. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) at both the country and regional levels are significant, supporting the efficacy of a three-level model. After controlling for the endogeneity of some firm-level variables, several of the obstacles faced by firms are found to significantly (and negatively) affect IFDI: communication, </span>finance<span>, and institutional quality. Surprisingly, however, obstacles related to physical infrastructure seem to attract foreign investment in some regions, and those relating to administration uniformly encourage foreign investment. This suggests that foreign participation is likely a means of bypassing administrative obstacles (likely because foreign-invested firms are more likely to elicit exceptional treatment). The relative consistency in the effects of firm-level attributes is not reproduced for country-level attributes such as capital account openness, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, inflation, and the tax rate on profits. These variables are shown to have varying impacts across regions—positive in some, negative in others, and statistically irrelevant in others. The regional-level variable, intraregional trade relative to regional GDP, is found to be positively associated with foreign participation in the aggregate model. However, that relationship is reproduced at the regional level for only two regions (Latin America and the Caribbean and South Asia) and is contradicted at that level for Central Asia.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":51505,"journal":{"name":"Economic Systems","volume":"47 3","pages":"Article 101095"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48080727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inward FDI and the quality of domestic institutions: A cross-country panel VAR analysis 外商直接投资与国内机构质量：跨国面板VAR分析

IF 3.1 2区经济学

Economic Systems Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101078

Roberto Antonietti , Jasmine Mondolo

引用次数: 0

Where does the EU cohesion policy produce its benefits? A model analysis of the international spillovers generated by the policy 欧盟的凝聚力政策在哪里产生好处？政策产生的国际溢出效应的模型分析

IF 3.1 2区经济学

Economic Systems Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101076

Francesca Crucitti , Nicholas-Joseph Lazarou , Philippe Monfort , Simone Salotti

{"title":"Where does the EU cohesion policy produce its benefits? A model analysis of the international spillovers generated by the policy","authors":"Francesca Crucitti , Nicholas-Joseph Lazarou , Philippe Monfort , Simone Salotti","doi":"10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we investigate the macroeconomic effects of the 2007–2013 cohesion policy investments in the EU. First, we present a detailed overview of the EU budget and the contributions of the Member States for the specific policy under scrutiny. Then, we use a dynamic spatial general equilibrium model to assess the overall impact of the policy both in the short and the long run. Finally, we focus on the spatial spillovers generated by the policy programmes and highlight a number of policy-relevant findings with regard to the debate over the financing of the policy and the divide between its net contributors and net beneficiaries. Our main findings suggest that cohesion policy programmes have had a positive and significant impact on the economies of EU Member States and regions, particularly in the poorest regions of the EU. Spatial spillovers imply that the programmes implemented in the main beneficiaries of the policy also benefit its main contributors. For some of these Member States, spillovers constitute the main source of benefits from cohesion policy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51505,"journal":{"name":"Economic Systems","volume":"47 3","pages":"Article 101076"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49580548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Using accounting information to predict aggressive tax location decisions by European groups 利用会计信息预测欧洲集团激进的税收地点决策

IF 3.1 2区经济学

Economic Systems Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101090

Matteo Borrotti, Michele Rabasco, Alessandro Santoro

{"title":"Using accounting information to predict aggressive tax location decisions by European groups","authors":"Matteo Borrotti, Michele Rabasco, Alessandro Santoro","doi":"10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Although locating a company in a tax haven is not illegal per se, it is likely to be part of a scheme purported to erode the </span>tax base<span> or to shift profits to less-taxed jurisdictions. For this reason, this type of location decision is usually targeted by anti-avoidance laws, that can take the form either of specific rules or general standards that, ex-post, sanction or limit the location decision. However, rules entail higher drafting costs and are easy to circumvent whereas standards entail more uncertainty costs. The goal of this paper is to illustrate that the risk of aggressive location decisions can be predicted ex-ante using publicly available data and that this prediction can be used by tax authorities. In the paper, we do two things. First, we use publicly available accounting data for the period 2015–2019 on 4031 group ultimate owners (GUO) of active listed companies resident in one of the 27 European Union countries to predict the probability that these companies would have at least a subsidiary in a tax haven, by spring 2021, as well as the intensity in the use of tax havens. Second, we discuss how this prediction can be used by tax authorities in the context of a new administrative preventive approach that complements the traditional legal approach. This approach can increase welfare by reducing uncertainty, thus increasing investments and economic growth.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":51505,"journal":{"name":"Economic Systems","volume":"47 3","pages":"Article 101090"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49226596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tackling BEPS in the Global South: Evidence from Peru’s tax reform 解决南半球的BEPS问题:来自秘鲁税制改革的证据

IF 3.1 2区经济学

Economic Systems Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101122

Katia Toledo , Alfredo Alvarado

引用次数: 0

It's a man's world? The rise of female entrepreneurship during privatization in Serbia 这是一个男人的世界？塞尔维亚私有化过程中女性创业的兴起

IF 3.1 2区经济学

Economic Systems Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101091

Vladan Ivanović , Vadim Kufenko

引用次数: 4

Symbiotic relationships among formal and informal institutions: Comparing five Brazilian cultural ecosystems 正式和非正式机构之间的共生关系：巴西五大文化生态系统的比较

IF 3.1 2区经济学

Economic Systems Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101092

Vito Amendolagine , Nadia von Jacobi

{"title":"Symbiotic relationships among formal and informal institutions: Comparing five Brazilian cultural ecosystems","authors":"Vito Amendolagine , Nadia von Jacobi","doi":"10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper draws on ecology to advance insights on the relationships between formal and informal institutions. We are interested in observing change in such relationships in different cultural contexts. Extending the research traditions of institutional complementarities and of institutional analysis inspired by biology, we focus on symbiotic relationships to understand interdependence patterns between formal and informal institutions. We compare five Brazilian macroregions, which have experienced different historical processes. We treat each region as a different “cultural ecosystem” within which institutional symbiotic relationships unfold. Building on correlation network analysis, we compute networks of multiple and contemporaneous symbiotic relationships for each macroregion. Our results suggest that formal institutions tend to be “symbionts,” which are more “dependent” on informal institutions acting as “hosts” within asymmetric symbiotic relationships. Our comparison shows that asymmetry between formal and informal institutions is more evident in cultural ecosystems in which institutions have traditionally been more extractive, such as in the northern Brazilian macroregions. In cultural ecosystems with historically more inclusive processes, formal institutions have greater tendency to become a nurturing ground for other institutions, confirming Pritchett’s (2013) argument that successful formal institutions are consolidations/formalizations of a successful societal struggle.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51505,"journal":{"name":"Economic Systems","volume":"47 3","pages":"Article 101092"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44840497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Determinants of macroeconomic resilience in the euro area: An empirical assessment of national policy levers 欧元区宏观经济弹性的决定因素:国家政策杠杆的实证评估

IF 3.1 2区经济学

Economic Systems Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101093

Maya Jollès, Eric Meyermans, Bořek Vašíček

{"title":"Determinants of macroeconomic resilience in the euro area: An empirical assessment of national policy levers","authors":"Maya Jollès, Eric Meyermans, Bořek Vašíček","doi":"10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>This paper evaluates which structural characteristics matter for macroeconomic resilience, in particular regarding the capacity to absorb and recover from common shocks across euro area Member States over the period from 1998 to 2018. Applying a panel </span>regression analysis and </span>Bayesian model averaging, the paper aims to identify a set of factors as diverse and specific as possible in order to guide future policy actions. These country-specific factors relate to the macroeconomic conditions, the functioning of product, labour and financial markets, institutional quality and to deeply entrenched structural factors. The empirical analysis suggests that the factors conditioning the shock absorption across euro area Member States largely differ from those facilitating recovery in the face of a common shock. More specifically, labour market features play an important role in shock absorption with higher levels of labour market rigidity dampening the shock absorption capacity most. The recovery capacity is affected by a broader set of factors, especially those that hinder the reallocation of labour as well as of the production of goods and services. While high public debt seems to hinder shock absorption capacity, high private debt weakens the recovery capacity. Some factors such as high economic openness have a negative impact on the absorption capacity in case of a common shock as it also affects trading partners, while having a positive impact on the recovery capacity. The results also suggest that degrees of macroeconomic resilience differ across the euro area and well-calibrated reforms are needed to address the nexus of country-specific challenges.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51505,"journal":{"name":"Economic Systems","volume":"47 3","pages":"Article 101093"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47797968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Self-reported tax compliance in post-transition Estonia 爱沙尼亚过渡后自我报告的纳税情况

IF 3.1 2区经济学

Economic Systems Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecosys.2022.101047

Natalia Levenko, Karsten Staehr

引用次数: 0