{"title":"Effects of option incentive compensation on corporate innovation: The case of China","authors":"Rui Cheng , Bart Frijns , Hyeongjun Kim , Doojin Ryu","doi":"10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines the effect of option incentives on corporate innovation in a representative emerging and transitioning economy. Using data from China, we show that option incentives have significant positive impacts on two crucial aspects of innovation: inputs and outputs. Innovation efficiency consistently improves after the introduction of option incentives. These positive effects remain when we control for potential endogeneity using difference-in-differences estimation with propensity score matching. Option incentives have more pronounced effects in high-tech firms than in other firms. Our findings suggest that firms’ specific characteristics and needs should be considered when developing incentive policies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51505,"journal":{"name":"Economic Systems","volume":"48 1","pages":"Article 101171"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138988306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Economic SystemsPub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101178
Juan-Francisco Albert , Nerea Gómez-Fernández
{"title":"The impact of monetary policy shocks on net worth and consumption across races in the United States","authors":"Juan-Francisco Albert , Nerea Gómez-Fernández","doi":"10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this paper is to determine whether monetary policy has a heterogeneous impact on net worth and consumption across races in the United States by applying several empirical methodologies and combining macro and micro data. The results suggest that an expansionary monetary shock increases the race gap in the short run in terms of net worth and that this is explained by differences in portfolio composition, especially between black and white households. Consequently, the heterogeneous wealth effect among these racial groups means that white households retain a higher elasticity than some minorities with respect to different forms of consumption as a consequence of a monetary policy shock. Although the heterogeneous effects of monetary policy across race are primarily explained by the different observable characteristics of households, a non-negligible part of this heterogeneity could be explained by the credit constraints faced by racial minorities that determine the composition of their wealth.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51505,"journal":{"name":"Economic Systems","volume":"48 1","pages":"Article 101178"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0939362523001176/pdfft?md5=b2723822f26129d943c01aaddc847e60&pid=1-s2.0-S0939362523001176-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139065927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Economic SystemsPub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101166
Maria V. Kulikova , David R. Taylor , Gennady Yu. Kulikov
{"title":"Evolving efficiency of the BRICS markets","authors":"Maria V. Kulikova , David R. Taylor , Gennady Yu. Kulikov","doi":"10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>This paper investigates a time-varying version of weak-form market efficiency in the </span>BRICS countries<span><span>. A moving window test for sample autocorrelations is applied alongside a Kalman filter approach to recover the hidden dynamics of the market efficiency process through appropriate time-varying </span>autoregressive models with both homoscedastic and heteroscedastic conditional variance. Monthly data cover the period from January 1995 to December 2020, which includes the 2008–2009 global financial crisis and the recent COVID-19 recession. The results reveal that all the BRICS stock markets were affected during both periods, but generally remained weak-form efficient, with the exception of China.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":51505,"journal":{"name":"Economic Systems","volume":"48 1","pages":"Article 101166"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139026368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Economic SystemsPub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101165
Boris Fisera
{"title":"Exchange rates and the speed of economic recovery: The role of financial development","authors":"Boris Fisera","doi":"10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study the influence of the exchange rate on the speed of economic recovery in a sample of 67 developed and developing economies over the years 1989–2019. First, using a cross-sectional sample of 341 economic recoveries, we study the effect of nominal depreciation and real undervaluation on the length of economic recovery. Our findings indicate that a small nominal depreciation, as well as a real undervaluation of the domestic currency, increases the speed of economic recovery. However, this effect is small in size. Second, we use an interacted panel VAR (IPVAR) model to investigate the effect of real undervaluation on the speed of economic recovery after an external shock. While we once again find evidence that an undervalued domestic currency increases the speed of economic recovery, its positive effect is limited in size. Furthermore, we also explore the role of financial development in influencing the effectiveness of an undervalued domestic currency in stimulating economic recovery. We find that a higher level of financial development limits the negative effect of an overvalued currency on the speed of economic recovery, but does not influence the effect of an undervalued currency on economic recovery.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51505,"journal":{"name":"Economic Systems","volume":"48 1","pages":"Article 101165"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138568913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Economic SystemsPub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101168
James W. Saunoris
{"title":"Individualism, economic freedom, and the development of the shadow economy","authors":"James W. Saunoris","doi":"10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To better understand the relationship between formal institutions, culture, and the size of the shadow economy, this paper considers the impact of pro-market institutions and cultures of individualism, and their interplay, on the size of the shadow economy. Using panel data for 64 countries from 1995 to 2017, the results show that economically free countries that value individualism over collectivism are, on average, associated with smaller shadow economies. Furthermore, the findings reveal that individualistic cultures amplify the effect of formal market-supporting institutions in reducing the size of the shadow economy, and vice versa. In terms of policy guidance, the results of this study suggest that policies would benefit from accounting for culture in promoting pro-market institutions to combat the shadow economy or in transitioning shadow participants to the formal sector.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51505,"journal":{"name":"Economic Systems","volume":"48 1","pages":"Article 101168"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138680188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Economic SystemsPub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101167
Thanh Nguyen , Son Nghiem , Abhishek Singh Bhati
{"title":"Risk-adjusted efficiency and innovation: an examination of systematic difference and convergence among BRIC banks","authors":"Thanh Nguyen , Son Nghiem , Abhishek Singh Bhati","doi":"10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We argue that technological progress and technology diffusion is improving innovation the banking industry, leading to a potential steady-state equilibrium in operational efficiency and innovation across banks with similar characteristics. Using the latest meta-frontier method, this study examined BRIC banks during the period from 2000 to 2020. We found that Indian and Brazilian banks are more innovative in reducing costs, whereas Indian and Chinese banks are more cost efficient. Chinese, Russian, Indian, and Brazilian banks rank first to fourth in profit efficiency and profit-making innovation, respectively. Risk-taking boosts group cost and profit efficiencies and profit-making innovation but reduces cost-reducing innovation in each country. BRIC banks diverged in innovation during the analysis period but slowly converged after the 2008 crisis. Reform policies, adoption of production technology, formulating regulations and investing in human capital and technologies are crucial for less efficient and innovative banks to catch-up with frontier banks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51505,"journal":{"name":"Economic Systems","volume":"48 1","pages":"Article 101167"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0939362523001061/pdfft?md5=81d0887eb0479166353d5390f4e09de7&pid=1-s2.0-S0939362523001061-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139026331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Economic SystemsPub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101154
Ömer Tuğsal Doruk , Francesco Pastore , Hasan Bilgehan Yavuz
{"title":"Intergenerational occupational mobility in Latin American economies: An empirical approach","authors":"Ömer Tuğsal Doruk , Francesco Pastore , Hasan Bilgehan Yavuz","doi":"10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Identifying the determinants of intergenerational mobility<span> is an important aim in the development literature. In this article, we examine intergenerational transmission for 6 neglected Latin American Economies (Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama and Puerto Rico). We use a multinomial logit model of the determinants of choosing a white-collar job for the child of a father working in farming as compared to a child whose father had a blue- or white-collar job. We find that, in the studied countries, intergenerational occupation transmission is mainly linked to low skilled jobs. Our analysis confirms the low degree of social mobility typical of Latin America, in turn contributing to explaining the low growth rate. Our findings help identify specific target groups – talented young women coming from the agricultural sector – for developing soft skills while at primary or low secondary school and work-related skills while at high secondary school or university.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":51505,"journal":{"name":"Economic Systems","volume":"48 1","pages":"Article 101154"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138533271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Economic SystemsPub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101153
Zuzana Kučerová , Daniel Pakši , Vojtěch Koňařík
{"title":"Macroeconomic fundamentals and attention: What drives european consumers’ inflation expectations?","authors":"Zuzana Kučerová , Daniel Pakši , Vojtěch Koňařík","doi":"10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using survey data on consumer inflation expectations<span><span> in the European Union countries, we investigate the price, macroeconomic, attention, and geopolitical determinants of European consumers’ </span>inflation expectations. We employ panel data regression with both fixed and random effects. We conclude that when consumers in the EU form their expectations regarding future inflation, they are determined not only by past inflation and the general macroeconomic situation, but also by selected attention variables expressing their search queries on the Internet (SVI based on Google Trends), and uncertainty concerning economic policy (EPU) steps and measures. Moreover, our baseline specification also suggests that inflation expectations of consumers in the Central and Eastern European countries are higher than those in Euro Area countries. These findings are robust to multiple specifications using individual survey indicators of expected inflation.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":51505,"journal":{"name":"Economic Systems","volume":"48 1","pages":"Article 101153"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135763997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Economic SystemsPub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101125
Qiuyue Yang
{"title":"Do vertical ecological compensation policies promote green economic development: A case study of the transfer payments policy for China’s National Key Ecological Function Zones","authors":"Qiuyue Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The transfer payment policy for National Key Ecological Function Zones is a typical vertical ecological compensation (VEC) policy that has been in place in China since 2008. This study treats this VEC policy as a quasi-natural experiment and utilises a slack-based measure model to calculate each county’s green economic efficiency based on China’s county-level data for the period 2003–2020. Then, the difference-in-differences method is used to evaluate the impact of the VEC policy on green economic efficiency and to verify its possible mechanisms. The results indicate that the VEC policy significantly improves the green economic efficiency of compensated areas, demonstrating that this policy promotes regional green economic development. Moreover, we find that the VEC policy may improve green economic efficiency by reducing the pollution caused by industrial development, promoting eco-industrial development and accelerating technological innovation. From the perspective of realising its three policy goals, the VEC policy not only improves the compensated areas’ ecological environment quality, but also promotes economic growth and optimises public services in the compensated areas. Furthermore, an inverted U-shaped curve relationship between the scale of VEC and green economic efficiency is identified.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51505,"journal":{"name":"Economic Systems","volume":"47 4","pages":"Article 101125"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44154929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}