Tiantian Dai , Shenyi Jiang , Yang Ming , Xinyi Zhang
{"title":"The spatial spillover effect of the multi-school zoning policies","authors":"Tiantian Dai , Shenyi Jiang , Yang Ming , Xinyi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhe.2025.102070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhe.2025.102070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Local governments in China have implemented a series of education and real estate policies to promote educational equity and mitigate the escalation of housing prices within school attendance zones. This paper examines the spatial spillover effects of changes in the probability of school enrollment, stemming from the implementation of the Multi-School Zoning Policies in Xicheng district, Beijing, on housing prices in neighboring districts. We first present a theoretical model and derive testable predictions. Subsequently, we utilize transaction-level data on previously owned homes to evaluate spillover effects in addition to direct treatment effects. A flexible event study model is employed to incorporate both the anticipatory effect induced by the early policy announcement and the post-treatment effect. Our findings highlight significant negative direct impacts on Xicheng’s average total home sale price (1.5 % to 2.8 %) and noteworthy positive spillover effects on home sale prices in neighboring districts (1.1 % to 1.6 %). Furthermore, the spillover effect operates as a general equilibrium effect, being more pronounced for housing units in better school attendance zones and that are smaller and closer to Xicheng district. Our findings suggest that in formulating regional policies to stabilize housing prices, policy makers should account for spillover effects to ensure that these policies align with the broader objectives of a larger region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Housing Economics","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 102070"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Capital structure, the adjusted present value, and mortgage choice","authors":"Dogan Tirtiroglu , Ercan Tirtiroglu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhe.2025.102066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhe.2025.102066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Choosing the right combination of mortgage interest rate and discount points is important for real estate investors to minimize their cost of capital. This paper subscribes to Myers’ (1974) Adjusted Present Value (APV) method to study the effect of capital structure on the mortgage choice. An important implication and advantage of subscribing to the APV method is that an investor’s risk aversion does not affect the investor’s mortgage choice. Our framework relies on the <em>daily observable</em>, and <em>objectively</em> and <em>market-determined interest rates</em> and, by avoiding the need to estimate a risk-adjusted discount rate, offers a simpler and cleaner platform for empirical tests on the mortgage choice questions than those proposed in the extant literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Housing Economics","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 102066"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Living in the gender spectrum: Evidence from non-cisgender applications in the rental housing market","authors":"Sofia Fritzson , Joakim Jansson","doi":"10.1016/j.jhe.2025.102064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhe.2025.102064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present novel evidence from the first correspondence study investigating the effect of individual non-cisgender signals in the housing market. In a preregistered trial, 800 fictitious letters were sent to rental apartment landlords in Sweden. Cismale applicants received fewer positive responses compared to ciswomen, while non-cisgender applicants had response rates that fell between those of ciswomen and cismen. The effects were strongest for apartments located outside of major cities. Non-cisgender applicants were also more often asked to clarify their gender. Additionally, cismale applicants were more likely to be addressed by the wrong name and were less frequently asked if they would bring any cohabitants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Housing Economics","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 102064"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christina Stacy , Timothy R. Hodge , Timothy M. Komarek , Christopher Davis , Alena Stern , Owen Noble , Jorge Morales-Burnett , Amy Rogin
{"title":"Rent control and the supply of affordable housing","authors":"Christina Stacy , Timothy R. Hodge , Timothy M. Komarek , Christopher Davis , Alena Stern , Owen Noble , Jorge Morales-Burnett , Amy Rogin","doi":"10.1016/j.jhe.2025.102063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhe.2025.102063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We generate the first cross-city panel dataset of rent control reforms and estimate their effect on the supply of rental housing overall and across varying levels of affordability. To identify reforms, we use machine learning algorithms to analyze over 76,000 newspaper articles from 7000 news outlets, spanning 27 metropolitan areas and >4000 census places across the US between 2000 and April of 2021. We then manually validate identified articles to ensure accuracy and combine these data with rental unit counts by affordability level, created using Census microdata. To assess the impact of rent control reforms on rental supply, we employ a two-way fixed effects model with place specific time trends and examine the robustness of our results with a staggered treatment design. Our results provide evidence that more restrictive rent control reforms are associated with a 10-percent reduction in the total number of rental units in a city. When stratified by affordability (based on U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development definitions of affordability), these reforms lead to an increase in the availability of units affordable to extremely low-income households by about 52 % (with a lower-bound effect equal to 11 %), offset by a decline in units affordable to higher-income households of about 46 % (with a lower-bound estimate equal to 4 %). These findings highlight the complex trade-offs inherent to rent control policies, illustrating differential impacts across income groups and underscoring the nuanced nature of such interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Housing Economics","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 102063"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhenguo Lin , Michael J. Seiler , Ralph B. Siebert (Professor of Economics) , Daniel T. Winkler (Professor of Finance and Real Estate)
{"title":"Selling price, time on the market, and contractual contingencies","authors":"Zhenguo Lin , Michael J. Seiler , Ralph B. Siebert (Professor of Economics) , Daniel T. Winkler (Professor of Finance and Real Estate)","doi":"10.1016/j.jhe.2025.102062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhe.2025.102062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Real estate contracts often have a wide variety of contractual contingencies. This study examines whether a property inspection clause, the sale of other property contingency clause, and a backup offer contract affect a property's time on the market and selling price. A theoretical model is created based on the relative bargaining power between the buyer and seller. Using a large sample of transactions from Miami-Dade County in South Florida, we find that contingency clauses are significantly affected by market conditions, time on the market, list price premiums, brokerage characteristics, home size, and age. The time on the market (TOM) for purchase contracts with a property (pending) inspection clause or a backup offer contract is shorter. In contrast, the TOM for a sale of other property clause is longer. When holding constant TOM, buyers pay less for properties with a property inspection clause. In comparison, sellers receive a premium for properties with a sale of other property contingency clause. A backup offer contract has no effect on the selling price.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Housing Economics","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 102062"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Asymmetric information provision and flood risk salience","authors":"Dongxiao Niu , Piet Eichholtz , Nils Kok","doi":"10.1016/j.jhe.2025.102060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhe.2025.102060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the impact of information provision on the capitalization of flood risk in the housing market. We exploit a climate risk disclosure program and a subsequent flooding event in the Netherlands, using a difference-in-differences framework. The results indicate that annual flood risk communication letters sent to residents in flood-prone areas have minimal impact on housing prices. In contrast, a small-scale flood event triggers a 3.4 % decline in house prices, demonstrating the effectiveness of direct experience in influencing price adjustments. This price effect is short-lived and is observed only among local buyers who have access to both the letters and firsthand flood experience, while non-local buyers remain unresponsive. We also observe an increase in the time on market and listing-to-sales ratio among local buyers, alongside a rise in the renter-occupied household ratio following flood risk information provision. Small-sized, high-educated, and risk-averse families tend to relocate from the high-risk area. The results in this paper provide insights for policymakers grappling with how to reduce information asymmetry in housing markets in the face of increasing climate risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Housing Economics","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 102060"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamics of subletting: Evidence from Swedish university students","authors":"Theo Herold","doi":"10.1016/j.jhe.2025.102049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhe.2025.102049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groups with more transient accommodation needs, such as students and expatriates, are increasingly turning to long-term rental sublets to satisfy their demand. We empirically analyze seasonality and market dynamics of such a market in the context of university admissions in Sweden. We find no difference in rents during the first half of the calendar year in student cities, followed by a sharp increase in August that stays persistent throughout the year. Student city listing density increases until May but is completely offset by September. During the subsequent 8 weeks following the university admission period, rents grow between 4.6 and 5.4 percent on average, while a one percentage point increase in the ratio of student net movement to population is associated with an increase in rent between 0.77 and 0.98 percent. Using a more robust subsample, we find that daily listing density in student cities decreases by 29.6 percent relative to non-student cities in the week immediately following the admission periods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Housing Economics","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 102049"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143641720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lorenzo Forni , Filippo Fortuna , Elena Giarda , Francesco Giovanardi , Demetrio Panarello
{"title":"The ‘Green buildings’ directive: A quantification of its costs and benefits in two Italian regions","authors":"Lorenzo Forni , Filippo Fortuna , Elena Giarda , Francesco Giovanardi , Demetrio Panarello","doi":"10.1016/j.jhe.2025.102057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhe.2025.102057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The building sector is responsible for a significant portion of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Europe. Thus, achieving 2050 net-zero emissions targets necessitates the decarbonisation of the sector. This paper assesses the monetary costs, based on current technologies, of meeting the intermediate targets for 2030 and 2033 outlined in the EU Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD). The analysis focuses on two Italian regions with an ageing building stock and demonstrates that these costs are substantial. We employ open-source microdata on Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs) for the Lombardy and Piedmont regions, which provide information on dwellings’ energy class and recommendations of the necessary retrofits to reach a higher energy class, as well as CO2 emissions and energy consumption. We estimate a total expenditure of €118.9 billion to take Lombardy's and Piedmont's residential stock to at least energy class D, which is 20.2 % of the two regions’ GDP and 5.6 % of Italy's GDP. Understanding the balance of costs and benefits is crucial to evaluate the economic incentives for homeowners to adopt energy efficiency measures. Households are estimated to save yearly €3.3 billion in lower energy bills in the two regions, and CO2-equivalent emissions are estimated to drop annually by 6.9 million tons. While homeowners may internalise the private benefits, they are unlikely to account for the social benefits in terms of lower emissions. As a result, achieving the EPBD targets is likely to require public subsidies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Housing Economics","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 102057"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rational eviction: How landlords use evictions in response to rent control","authors":"Eilidh Geddes , Nicole Holz","doi":"10.1016/j.jhe.2025.102047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhe.2025.102047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When designing rent control regulations, policy makers aim to create regulations that ensure affordable and stable housing for current tenants while minimizing exits from the rental market by landlords. Vacancy decontrol provisions that allow rent re-sets between tenants intend to strike a balance between a lower rent burden for current tenants and future potential profitability for landlords. However, such provisions also increase the incentive for landlords to evict tenants. Such evictions reduce both the anti-displacement and rent reduction effects of rent control. To study the effects of rent control on eviction behavior, we exploit variation across ZIP codes in policy exposure to the passage of the 1994 rent control referendum in San Francisco. We find that a ZIP code with the average level of treatment experiences an additional 34 eviction notices—an 83% increase—and an additional 13 wrongful eviction claims—a 125% increase. These effects were concentrated in low-income ZIP codes and were larger in years when average rent prices rose faster than the allowed rent increases for controlled units.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Housing Economics","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 102047"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Housing regulation and bubbles","authors":"Claire Océane Chevallier , Sarah El Joueidi","doi":"10.1016/j.jhe.2025.102046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhe.2025.102046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper develops a dynamic general equilibrium model in infinite horizon, in which deterministic rational housing bubbles may emerge. Borrowers are constrained by two macroprudential regulations: DTI and LTV limits. The study investigates whether housing bubbles can arise under these regulatory constraints and identifies the specific conditions for their emergence. Our findings show that: (1) with LTV regulations, the equilibrium may feature a housing bubble; (2) when agents face an LTV regulation, two equilibria may emerge: a bubbleless and a housing bubble equilibria; (3) tighter LTV regulations exacerbate the growth of housing bubbles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Housing Economics","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 102046"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143526812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}