Metrology最新文献_第3页

Experimental Investigation on the Transfer Behavior and Environmental Influences of Low-Noise Integrated Electronic Piezoelectric Acceleration Sensors 低噪声集成电子压电加速度传感器的传输行为和环境影响实验研究

Metrology Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.3390/metrology4010004

Jan-Hauke Bartels, Ronghua Xu, Chongjie Kang, Ralf Herrmann, Steffen Marx

{"title":"Experimental Investigation on the Transfer Behavior and Environmental Influences of Low-Noise Integrated Electronic Piezoelectric Acceleration Sensors","authors":"Jan-Hauke Bartels, Ronghua Xu, Chongjie Kang, Ralf Herrmann, Steffen Marx","doi":"10.3390/metrology4010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metrology4010004","url":null,"abstract":"Acceleration sensors are vital for assessing engineering structures by measuring properties like natural frequencies. In practice, engineering structures often have low natural frequencies and face harsh environmental conditions. Understanding sensor behavior on such structures is crucial for reliable measurements. The research focus is on understanding the behavior of acceleration sensors in harsh environmental conditions within the low-frequency acceleration range. The main question is how to distinguish sensor behavior from structural influences to minimize errors in assessing engineering structure conditions. To investigate this, the sensors are tested using a long-stroke calibration unit under varying temperature and humidity conditions. Additionally, a mini-monitoring system configured with four IEPE sensors is applied to a small-scale support structure within a climate chamber. For the evaluation, a signal-energy approach is employed to distinguish sensor behavior from structural behavior. The findings show that IEPE sensors display temperature-dependent nonlinear transmission behavior within the low-frequency acceleration range, with humidity having negligible impact. To ensure accurate engineering structure assessment, it is crucial to separate sensor behavior from structural influences using signal energy in the time domain. This study underscores the need to compensate for systematic effects, preventing the underestimation of vibration energy at low temperatures and overestimation at higher temperatures when using IEPE sensors for engineering structure monitoring.","PeriodicalId":514840,"journal":{"name":"Metrology","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139814897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Conservation Voltage Reduction Impact Investigation for Personal Computing Devices Using Experimental Measurements and Computation Performance Metrics 利用实验测量和计算性能指标调查个人计算设备的节能降压影响

Metrology Pub Date : 2024-01-16 DOI: 10.3390/metrology4010003

Muhammad Ayaz, Syed Muhammad Hur Rizvi, Muhammad Akbar

{"title":"Conservation Voltage Reduction Impact Investigation for Personal Computing Devices Using Experimental Measurements and Computation Performance Metrics","authors":"Muhammad Ayaz, Syed Muhammad Hur Rizvi, Muhammad Akbar","doi":"10.3390/metrology4010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metrology4010003","url":null,"abstract":"Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR) is a potential energy management approach for increasing computer system energy efficiency. This study uniquely contributes to the field by thoroughly investigating the impact of CVR on computing devices, filling a significant gap in the existing literature. The research employs a novel experimental approach, considering the temporal variations in energy use behavior, and presents a comprehensive benchmark analysis of desktop PCs and laptops. Notable gains in processing efficiency are observed, with specific instances such as Desktop 1’s 1.53% Single-Core performance improvement and Desktop 3’s 3.19% total performance boost. Despite variations, the thermal performance of CVR-equipped devices, particularly Desktop 3 and Laptop 3, consistently demonstrates lower temperatures, indicating thermal management enhanced by 3.19% and 1.35%, respectively. Additionally, the study introduces the CVR Performance Enhancement Ratio (%), providing a unique metric for evaluating the trade-offs between energy efficiency and system performance. This research highlights the dual impact of CVR on thermal and computational elements, emphasizing its broad advantages. Integrating CVR emerges as a viable strategy for developing more durable, efficient, and sustainable computing devices, setting the stage for advancements in voltage regulation.","PeriodicalId":514840,"journal":{"name":"Metrology","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139620076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design of Experiments for Evaluating the Relevance of Change in Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Opaque Oils 评估不透明油类运动粘度测试方法变化相关性的实验设计

Metrology Pub Date : 2024-01-05 DOI: 10.3390/metrology4010002

Mauro Alves Correa de Camargo, Gabriela Knippelberg Bifano Manea, E. C. de Oliveira

{"title":"Design of Experiments for Evaluating the Relevance of Change in Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Opaque Oils","authors":"Mauro Alves Correa de Camargo, Gabriela Knippelberg Bifano Manea, E. C. de Oliveira","doi":"10.3390/metrology4010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metrology4010002","url":null,"abstract":"Viscosity is a physicochemical property that evaluates the resistance that fuel offers to flow, influencing the engine’s operation and combustion process. Its control is aimed at good fuel atomization and the preservation of lubricating characteristics. Changes in viscosity can lead to wear on various parts of the engine. Viscometers typically measure the viscosity of fuels in the oil and gas industry. These instruments can measure the time it takes for a fluid to move a given distance through a pipe or the time it takes for an object of a given size and density to pass through the liquid. The traditional test method, ASTM D445, differentiates the procedure for opaque liquids from transparent ones; that is, it requires a warm-up of the sample between 60 °C and 65 °C for 1 h. This additional step can overload laboratory routines, although it is not guaranteed to have a metrologically significant effect on the final result. Thus, this study evaluated the relevance of complying with this step in the test method for the kinematic viscosity of opaque liquids using a 32 factorial experimental design. Based on the F test, p-value, confidence intervals, and percentage contribution of the sum of squares approaches concerning the regression analysis, one concluded that the warm-up time was not a relevant factor in the kinematic viscosity, specifically of very low sulphur fuel oil, Brazilian fuel oil, and atmospheric residue diluted with diesel oil, which are fluids at room temperature.","PeriodicalId":514840,"journal":{"name":"Metrology","volume":"4 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139381086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Digital Impedance Bridge for Four-Terminal-Pair AC Resistor Calibration up to 20 kHz 用于四端对交流电阻器校准的数字阻抗桥，频率高达 20 kHz

Metrology Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.3390/metrology4010001

M. Ouameur, Renata Vasconcellos, M. Agazar

{"title":"Digital Impedance Bridge for Four-Terminal-Pair AC Resistor Calibration up to 20 kHz","authors":"M. Ouameur, Renata Vasconcellos, M. Agazar","doi":"10.3390/metrology4010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metrology4010001","url":null,"abstract":"For this study, a substitution principle-based impedance bridge has been developed to calibrate AC resistors in a four-terminal-pair (4TP) configuration. The calibration is performed in the full complex plane for resistances ranging from 100 mΩ to 400 Ω and frequencies of between 50 Hz and 20 kHz. The automated bridge is based on four resistors associated with two high-impedance stages. The balancing of the bridge is achieved by means of PXI modules. The bridge is automatically balanced via a simplex top-down algorithm. The new bridge is primarily used for the measurement chain of AC standard resistors defined in a 4TP configuration at LNE, which are used for routine customer calibrations. The traceability of LNE’s standard resistors when defined in a 4TP configuration is ensured by a measurement chain from a 1 kΩ reference resistor using the new bridge. The reference resistor was calibrated previously via comparison with a calculable resistor up to 20 kHz. The bridge was validated via comparison with calibration results obtained in 1983 and 2009. For a resistor of 1 Ω at 1 kHz, the uncertainty of the series resistance variation and the phase shift are less than 6 µΩ/Ω (k = 1) and 6 µrad (k = 1), respectively.","PeriodicalId":514840,"journal":{"name":"Metrology","volume":"21 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139386401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0