{"title":"Crisis politics of dehumanisation during COVID-19: A framework for mapping the social processes through which dehumanisation undermines human dignity.","authors":"Salvador Santino F Regilme","doi":"10.1177/13691481231178247","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13691481231178247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 global pandemic is understood to be a multidimensional crisis, and yet undertheorised is how it reinforced the politics of dehumanisation. This article proposes an original framework that explains how dehumanisation undermines the human dignity of individuals with minoritised socio-economic identities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The framework identifies four interrelated mechanisms of crisis-driven dehumanisation: threat construction, expanded state coercion, reinforcement of hierarchies, and normalisation of deaths. The article argues that an understanding of these mechanisms is crucial for capturing the complexity of human rights deterioration during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article uses the plausibility probe method to demonstrate macro-processes of dehumanisation, with illustrative empirical examples from diverse societies during COVID-19. It proposes a framework for understanding these dehumanisation processes that can apply to other transnational crises.</p>","PeriodicalId":51479,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Politics & International Relations","volume":"25 1","pages":"555-573"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10261968/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42050306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"COVID-19 vaccine apartheid and the failure of global cooperation.","authors":"Stephen Brown, Morgane Rosier","doi":"10.1177/13691481231178248","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13691481231178248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The equitable distribution of COVID-19 vaccines is one of the most important tests of global cooperation that the world has faced in recent decades. Collectively, global leaders failed that crucible abysmally, creating a 'vaccine apartheid' that divided the world according to income into countries with widespread access and those without. Why, given that leaders were fully aware of the risks and injustice of vaccine inequity, did governments of wealthy countries hoard doses, impede the expansion of vaccine manufacturing and otherwise prevent equitable access to vaccines? We argue that their decisions to act selfishly are best explained by governments' accountability to domestic constituencies, their lack of leadership and commitment to multilateralism and their adoption of short-term perspectives, as well as their unwillingness to curb the influence of profit-oriented global pharmaceutical companies and, to a certain extent, of an additional private actor, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.</p>","PeriodicalId":51479,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Politics & International Relations","volume":"25 1","pages":"535-554"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10265252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47660312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Britain's COVID-19 battle: The role of political leaders in shaping the responses to the pandemic.","authors":"Consuelo Thiers, Leslie Wehner","doi":"10.1177/13691481231159021","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13691481231159021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article introduces an analytical framework to trace and compare leaders' different types of behaviours to the health crisis posed by COVID-19, following the analytical benefits of Leadership Trait Analysis. It examines Boris Johnson's and Nicola Sturgeon's diverging initial responses to the pandemic's onset. We employ the Leadership Trait Analysis to shed light on three main differences in their respective leadership styles: risk-proneness versus risk-aversion; flexibility versus rigidity and rule advocacy versus rule ambivalence. Crises are one of the more fruitful situations in which to study leaders as their personal characteristics become central to the decision-making process. Thus, we employ an agent-centred and political psychology approach to analyse leaders' behaviour and make sense of their divergent management styles. The results show that the differences between these leaders' approaches to handling this global health crisis can be partly explained by their level of openness to information and their task versus relationship focus.</p>","PeriodicalId":51479,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Politics & International Relations","volume":"25 1","pages":"517-534"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10028684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42541648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Alcohol policy, multi-level governance and corporate political strategy: The campaign for Scotland's minimum unit pricing in Edinburgh, London and Brussels.","authors":"Benjamin Hawkins, Jim McCambridge","doi":"10.1177/1369148120959040","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1369148120959040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Scottish government's plans for a minimum unit price for alcohol were vehemently opposed by the alcohol industry leading to a 6-year delay in implementation after legislation was passed. This article seeks to explain the consequences of devolution and European Union membership for the development of minimum unit price in Scotland through the concepts of multi-level governance, veto points and venue shifting. Systems of multi-level governance create policy interdependencies between settings, an increased number of veto points at which policies can be blocked, and the potential for policy actors to shift decision-making to forums where favourable outcomes are more likely to be attained. In the minimum unit price debates, the alcohol industry engaged in multiple forms of venue shifting and used regulatory compliance procedures and legal challenges at the EU level to try to prevent and delay the policy. This has led to a 'chilling effect' on subsequent alcohol policy developments across the United Kingdom.</p>","PeriodicalId":51479,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Politics & International Relations","volume":"23 3","pages":"391-409"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1369148120959040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39290923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"'The Pope's own hand outstretched': Holy See diplomacy as a hybrid mode of diplomatic agency.","authors":"Jodok Troy","doi":"10.1177/1369148118772247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1369148118772247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The unconventional nature of Holy See diplomats rests in the composite character of their ecclesiastical role as the Pope's representatives and their legal diplomatic status and commencement to ordinary diplomatic practice. Holy See diplomacy is a form of conduct created by a set of mixed secular and religious standards in which agents are guided by practices. I locate this argument within a classical English School and a conventional understanding of practice, diplomacy, and agency while incorporating understandings of the diplomat as a stranger. The article situates a Holy See diplomat's mode of agency as a hybrid one by nature, located at the intersections of political and religious modes of agency and substantial and relational conceptions of international politics. I probe this conceptual framework of hybrid agency by analysing episodes involving papal diplomats in turmoil-ridden historical episodes, and correspondence with informed agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":51479,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Politics & International Relations","volume":"20 3","pages":"521-539"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1369148118772247","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36343175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is there a parliamentary peace? Parliamentary veto power and military interventions from Kosovo to Daesh.","authors":"Wolfgang Wagner","doi":"10.1177/1369148117745859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1369148117745859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article studies the effect of parliamentary involvement on security policy. Building on Democratic Peace Theory, it examines whether democracies with a parliamentary veto power are indeed less likely to participate in military interventions, than democracies without such a veto power, ceteris paribus. By studying patterns of participation across 25 to 35 countries in five military missions, this paper finds modest evidence for such a parliamentary peace and suggests that it depends on the character of the military mission in question. If a mission is framed as a test case of alliance solidarity, as was the case with OEF and the Iraq War, domestic institutional constraints can be trumped by alliance politics. If, however, countries enjoy more discretion in deciding on the use of force, domestic constraints such as parliamentary war powers have a tangible impact on government policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":51479,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Politics & International Relations","volume":"20 1","pages":"121-134"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1369148117745859","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35940622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Europeanisation, Sovereignty and Contested States: The EU in northern Cyprus and Palestine.","authors":"Dimitris Bouris, George Kyris","doi":"10.1177/1369148117727534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1369148117727534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Combining the literature on sovereignty and Europeanisation, this article investigates the engagement and impact of the European Union (EU) on contested states (states lacking recognition) through a comparative study of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) and Palestine. We find that characteristics of contested statehood mediate EU engagement and impact: the lack of international recognition limits EU's engagement but encourages development promotion, international integration and assistance of local civil society. Lack of territorial control limits engagement, but ineffective government offers opportunities for development promotion and state-building. As such, and in addition to offering a rich empirical account of two prominent contested states, the article contributes to the discussion of international engagement by developing an innovative conceptual framework for understanding EU's impact on contested states-a topic neglected within a literature dominated by conventional statehood or conflict resolution themes but very important given extensive international engagement in contested states-and related conflicts.</p>","PeriodicalId":51479,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Politics & International Relations","volume":"19 4","pages":"755-771"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1369148117727534","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36671070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Economic Ideas and the Political Construction of the Financial Crash of 2008","authors":"Andrew Baker, Geoffrey R. D. Underhill","doi":"10.1111/1467-856X.12072","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1467-856X.12072","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article is a short introduction to a special section on economic ideas and the political construction of the financial crash. It begins by explaining why economic ideas and the politics of appeals to certain ideas are so integral to the historical significance of the crash of 2008 and the question of whether it can be considered a crisis at all. The first section covers the literature on ideas and economic crisis. The second section highlights that the contribution of the special section is to engage in a stock-taking exercise of the empirical and conceptual patterns concerning the politics of ideational change underway in the areas of: comparative fiscal policy; monetary policy and Euro zone debt management; capital controls; and financial and securities market regulation and standard setting. The final section outlines the structure and content of the contents of the section articles.</p>","PeriodicalId":51479,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Politics & International Relations","volume":"17 3","pages":"381-390"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2015-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/1467-856X.12072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133093566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gendering Demilitarisation and Justice in Northern Ireland","authors":"Fidelma Ashe","doi":"10.1111/1467-856X.12066","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1467-856X.12066","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article:\u0000 </p><ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Exposes how masculinised accounts of conflict transformational processes in Northern Ireland have distorted the historical record of the region's on-going transition from violent conflict.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Assesses the theoretical and practical effects of de-gendering the analysis of conflict transformational processes in the region.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Provides an empirical study of women's hidden contribution to the reduction of levels of paramilitary violence in ethnically divided, working-class communities in the region.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Utilises focus group data to develop a gender-sensitive reading of community justice, security and peace.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 <p>The 1998 Peace Agreement in Northern Ireland provoked local-level processes of demilitarisation that focused on developing community-based restorative justice practices to replace paramilitary forms of justice. These schemes were viewed as important aspects of the broader process of conflict transformation in the region. The dominant narrative surrounding the development of these new justice forms framed them as an outcome of the efforts of ex-combatant men. This article contests this narrative and examines women's contribution to the development of CBRJ in Northern Ireland. Using data from focus groups, the article exposes the consequences of displacing women in conflict transformational analysis. Additionally, it explores how women's articulation of their conflict transformational practices engenders a critical reframing of key terms in conflict transformational narratives including peace, security, and justice. This exploration reinforces wider feminist claims that any analysis of conflict transformational processes that displaces gender is both conceptually and politically problematic.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51479,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Politics & International Relations","volume":"17 4","pages":"665-680"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2015-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/1467-856X.12066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130086600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Leader Visits during the 2010 British General Election Campaign","authors":"Alia Middleton","doi":"10.1111/1467-856X.12061","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1467-856X.12061","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article shows\u0000 </p><ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The impact of leader visits on local results in general election campaigns.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The importance of party leaders in contemporary election campaigns.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>That leader visits impact vote share but not turnout.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The extent to which incumbency plays an important part in leader visit effectiveness.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 <p>The leaders of the three largest political parties in the UK spent a significant proportion of the 2010 general election campaign touring constituencies. However, the potential impact of such visits upon local party vote share and constituency turnout has remained relatively unstudied. This article, using original data collected in 2010, is the first to examine leader visits during UK election campaigns. The constituencies visited are typically marginal, and while Gordon Brown mostly limited his visits to Labour-held constituencies, the leaders of the other two parties ran more expansionist visit strategies. Exploring the ability of leader visits to affect turnout and vote share, the analysis shows that visits made no impact on local turnout, but the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats received a boost in vote share in constituencies when their leaders visited. Disaggregating this further, these boosts were received primarily in seats held by Labour prior to the election.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51479,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Politics & International Relations","volume":"17 2","pages":"244-259"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2014-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/1467-856X.12061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132891665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}