Population Health Metrics最新文献

{"title":"Socio-demographic, behavioral, and biological risk factors of hypertension in Kazakhstan: results of a national study.","authors":"Yevgeniy Zhukov, Kuanysh Nikatov, Ermek Dyussembekov, Rauan Kastey, Niyazbek Yerniyazov, Mukhtar Korabayev, Darina Menlayakova, Talgat Muminov, Shynar Tanabayeva, Ildar Fakhradiyev, Marat Shoranov","doi":"10.1186/s12963-026-00454-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12963-026-00454-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Arterial hypertension (AH) is a major contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study aimed to identify sociodemographic and biological factors associated with hypertension in a nationally representative adult sample in Kazakhstan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional WHO STEPS survey (October 2021-May 2022) included 6,720 adults aged 18-69 years from all regions of Kazakhstan. Sociodemographic, behavioral, physical and biochemical data were collected, hypertension was defined by ESC/ESH criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Crude AH prevalence was 16.0% (95% CI 15.1-16.8) and increased sharply with age from 3.0% at 18-24 years to 46.7% at ≥ 65 years (p < 0.001). Men had higher systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) than women (126/82 vs. 119/79 mmHg, p < 0.001) and a less favorable BP profile. Urban residents were younger and more likely to report smoking and alcohol use than rural residents (21.4% vs. 14.8% and 6.5% vs. 3.2%, p < 0.001), whereas rural participants had higher BMI, SBP, DBP, total cholesterol and HbA1c (p < 0.05). Hypertension prevalence showed marked regional heterogeneity, from 9.5% in Kyzylorda and 9.6% in Astana to 25.3% in Akmola and 23.7% in North Kazakhstan. In adjusted models, hypertension was independently associated with older age (OR 1.894, 95% CI 1.780-2.014, p < 0.001), higher BMI (OR 1.597, 95% CI 1.484-1.719, p < 0.001), higher total cholesterol (OR 1.171, 95% CI 1.098-1.249, p < 0.001) and urban residence (OR 1.304, 95% CI 1.121-1.517, p = 0.001), while female sex was protective (OR 0.596, 95% CI 0.511-0.696, p < 0.001). Smoking, HbA1c, education and ethnicity were not significant after adjustment, and alcohol intake showed a statistically detectable but clinically minimal association (OR 0.997, 95% CI 0.995-0.999).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In 2021-2022, hypertension affected roughly one in six adults in Kazakhstan and rose steeply with age. Modifiable metabolic factors, particularly excess body weight and elevated cholesterol, were the main drivers of risk, while an independent urban effect and pronounced north-south regional differences highlight the need for targeted weight and lipid management and intensified long-term risk control, especially in cities and high-prevalence northern regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":51476,"journal":{"name":"Population Health Metrics","volume":" ","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12888478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145971692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The decline of 'Deaths of Despair' in Italy: unveiling this phenomenon in a new context.","authors":"Giacomo Lanfiuti Baldi, Andrea Nigri, Sergi Trias-Llimós, Elisabetta Barbi","doi":"10.1186/s12963-025-00430-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12963-025-00430-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The term \"Deaths of Despair\" (DoD) refers to mortality due to alcohol consumption, drug use, and suicides. While extensively studied in the United States, where these deaths have markedly increased, less is known about their patterns in other contexts. This study explores the relevance of this concept to Italy, a country with comparatively lower rates, to determine whether these causes of death exhibit common trends and can be meaningfully grouped under a single category.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We use cause-specific mortality data from the Italian National Institute of Statistics covering the period 1983 to 2018. Data are aggregated by gender and five-year age groups at the NUTS1 regional level. The Potential Gain in Life Expectancy is used to assess the impact of each cause on overall mortality. To explore potential long-term relationships between the causes and across regions, we apply Cointegration Analysis to the time series.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis shows a general decline in mortality from causes typically associated with despair in Italy, mainly driven by a reduction in alcohol-related deaths. Drug-related mortality and suicide show more heterogeneous trends across regions and over time. Cointegration Analysis reveals no evidence of long-term dependency among these causes or across regions, with only a few exceptions. This indicates that the observed causes do not share a common underlying temporal structure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings suggest that in the Italian context, deaths from alcohol, drugs, and suicide do not follow a unified pattern and should not be treated as a single category. Rather, they represent distinct public health issues with different regional trajectories and determinants. As such, they require targeted and differentiated policy responses rather than a unified approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":51476,"journal":{"name":"Population Health Metrics","volume":" ","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12801950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145946750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of loneliness and social isolation with excess risk of mental disorders in people with obesity: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Ying Zhou, Rui Chen, Hongyu Yan, Xiaoxv Yin","doi":"10.1186/s12963-025-00451-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12963-025-00451-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Loneliness and social isolation are more prevalent among obese individuals. This study aims to explore the association of the level of loneliness and social isolation with the excess risk of mental disorders among obese people compared with non-obese people.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 219,086 participants (109,543 obese participants and 109,543 matched non-obese participants) from the UK Biobank were included at baseline. Loneliness and social isolation were assessed using a two-item scale and a three-item scale, respectively. Incident mental disorders, including substance use, psychotic disorders, mood disorders, depression, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and behavioral syndromes, were ascertained through linkage to primary and secondary care records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median (IQR) follow-up of 12.40 (11.50-13.20) years, a total of 18,280 obese participants developed mental disorders. Compared to the least lonely group, obese people in the moderate and most lonely groups had a significantly and progressively higher risk of mental disorders (moderately lonely: HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.33-1.42; most lonely: HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.65-1.81; P-trend < 0.001). We observed a similar pattern in terms of social isolation. The relative importance of loneliness and social isolation in predicting mental disorders ranked third and eighth among traditional risk factors. Compared to non-obese individuals, the excess risk of mental disorders for obese individuals varied considerably by levels of loneliness and social isolation, with HRs ranging from 1.05 in the least lonely to 1.79 in the most lonely, and from 1.14 in the least isolated to 1.36 in the most isolated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Alleviating loneliness and social isolation was associated with lower obesity-related excess risk of mental disorders. Our finding suggests the incorporation of social networking platforms and support systems into intervention strategies to effectively mitigate the mental health issues in obese population.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration number: </strong>Not applicable. (This study is an observational analysis based on UK Biobank data and does not involve a clinical trial. This research was conducted under UK Biobank application no. 88159. The UK Biobank study was approved by the North West Multi-Centre Research Ethics Committee (11/NW/0382). All participants provided informed consent through electronic signature at baseline assessment.).</p>","PeriodicalId":51476,"journal":{"name":"Population Health Metrics","volume":" ","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12859870/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145866572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond binary: a machine-learning classification of childhood COVID-19 vaccination intentions using behavioural data.","authors":"Chiara Chiavenna, Laura P Leone, Paolo Pin, Maria Cucciniello, Alessia Melegaro","doi":"10.1186/s12963-025-00437-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12963-025-00437-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51476,"journal":{"name":"Population Health Metrics","volume":" ","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12857026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145829264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-housing assets and all-cause mortality in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: a National cohort study.","authors":"Yuanyuan Qin, Biheng Feng, Qingjiang Cai, Liuyun Huang, Mingjie Xie, Ling Li, Debin Huang","doi":"10.1186/s12963-025-00452-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12963-025-00452-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Financial resources beyond housing may influence survival in later life. Given China's rapid population aging and high home ownership, focusing on non-housing assets can clarify wealth-health links. We therefore examined the association between total non-housing assets and all-cause mortality among Chinese middle-aged and older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A nationwide cohort of 12,670 adults (aged 45-85) was established using the harmonized CHARLS dataset (2011-2018). All-cause mortality was ascertained through 2020 by supplementing harmonized data with vital status information from the raw CHARLS 2020 wave. The main exposure was total non-housing assets. In addition, non-housing assets were combined with household consumption (median split) to create four joint groups: Group 1 (low assets/low consumption), Group 2 (low assets/high consumption), Group 3 (high assets/low consumption), and Group 4 (high assets/high consumption). All-cause mortality was tracked. Baseline characteristics and mortality were presented by asset quartile and asset consumption group. Survival curves, Cox models (adjusted for confounders), and restricted cubic splines assessed associations. Subgroup and interaction analyses, especially for marital status, were visualized using forest and stratified plots.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a 9-year follow-up, 2,418 deaths occurred. Higher total non-housing assets were associated with lower mortality: Q4 (highest) vs. Q1 (lowest), adjusted HR = 0.79 (95% CI 0.68-0.91). In fully adjusted models, we also observed a graded inverse association across asset-consumption groups (P for trend < 0.001); high-consumption categories remained protective (Group 2: HR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.74-0.97; Group 4: HR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.65-0.85). Marital status showed a significant interaction with asset level (P‑interaction < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Greater non-housing assets was associated with lower mortality. Marital status has a significant interacting effect on this association. Focus should be on vulnerable elderly groups with middle-low assets, low consumption, or those who are non-married.</p>","PeriodicalId":51476,"journal":{"name":"Population Health Metrics","volume":" ","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12837438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145822133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediating effects between social capital and health care utilization in Italy-a structural equation model analysis.","authors":"Tallys Feldens, Chiara Seghieri, Andrea Fontana, Paolo Berta","doi":"10.1186/s12963-025-00441-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12963-025-00441-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Social capital, in its broad definitions, has been linked to improved health outcomes, yet the scarce consistency of social capital measurements and its further effects on healthcare utilization remain less clear. Particularly in Italy, where regional disparities and an aging population challenge the healthcare system, understanding these dynamics is crucial. This study proposes two population-based indicators of social capital and investigates whether they influence health itself and healthcare utilization.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Italian population data from 2014 to 2023 was used to develop two social capital measurements: Social support and Social participation, applying Item Response Theory (IRT). Hence, we applied structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore the pathways between social capital, self-reported health status, and healthcare utilization. The analysis includes control variables for demographic and behavioral factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our main findings contribute with the current literature by identifying that population-based measures for social support and social participation may be useful for empirical research, and both direct and indirect effects of social constructs were found significantly associated with health and health utilization outcomes. Both social participation and social support were found to exert significant positive effects on self-perceived health and health utilization. The model suggests that while better social connections contribute to improved health, such increased support and participation can also lead to increased healthcare-seeking behavior.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Social capital plays a dual role in shaping both health outcomes and healthcare utilization in Italy. Our findings highlight the relevance of social resources as population-level determinants of health and access, suggesting that strengthening community networks and health literacy can reduce inequities and enhance the efficiency of healthcare systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":51476,"journal":{"name":"Population Health Metrics","volume":" ","pages":"75"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12750791/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145800889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflections from a departing editor-in-chief.","authors":"Jonathan M Samet","doi":"10.1186/s12963-025-00439-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12963-025-00439-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51476,"journal":{"name":"Population Health Metrics","volume":"23 1","pages":"74"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12715966/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145783613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in income-related concentration and inequality in health in Japan: evidence from population-based National surveys from 2001 to 2022.","authors":"Takashi Oshio, Ruru Ping, Ayako Honda","doi":"10.1186/s12963-025-00443-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12963-025-00443-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Japan has experienced widening income disparity in recent years, raising concerns about income inequality in health. This study aims to investigate trends in income-related concentration and inequality in key health outcomes between 2001 and 2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilized repeated cross-sectional data from 500,580 individuals (238,746 men and 261,834 women) aged ≥ 6 years, obtained from eight waves of population-based national surveys conducted between 2001 and 2022. The study examined trends in the concentration index and the relative and slope indices of inequality for key health outcomes, including self-rated health, subjective symptoms, limitations in undertaking activities of daily living, and experience of stress/anxiety, as well as the number of physician visits and incidence of selected non-communicable diseases (NCDs). All measures were standardized by age and sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Increasing concentrations of poor health status among low-income individuals and rising income-related health inequality were observed over the study period, although a greater pro-poor concentration was noted for physician visits. Additionally, income-related inequality increased for persons with hypertension, diabetes, and at least one type of NCD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results indicate persistent income-related inequalities in health within a context of universal health coverage.</p>","PeriodicalId":51476,"journal":{"name":"Population Health Metrics","volume":" ","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12829236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145783551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attacks on healthcare in conflict-affected countries: a comparison of temporal trends in ongoing conflicts in Lebanon, Myanmar, occupied Palestinian territory, Sudan and Ukraine using WHO SSA and SHCC data, 2018-2024.","authors":"Jayra Usmany, Dennis G Barten, Krzysztof Goniewicz, Fredrik Granholm, Danielle N Poole, Derrick Tin, Frits H M van Osch","doi":"10.1186/s12963-025-00442-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12963-025-00442-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Geneva Conventions form the core of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), safeguarding healthcare and protecting civilians from the brutality of war. Unfortunately, these conventions are often disregarded. Attacks on healthcare have devastating effects on healthcare systems, and it is therefore vital to document such attacks and detect possible temporal patterns. This study aims to assess temporal trends in attacks on healthcare in five conflict-affected countries: Lebanon, Myanmar, occupied Palestinian territory (oPt), Sudan and Ukraine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used two publicly available databases: the World Health Organization Surveillance System for Attacks on Health Care (WHO SSA) and the Insecurity Insight Safeguarding Health in Conflict Coalition (SHCC). Start dates and key events were determined for each conflict based on grey literature searches. From the start dates onward, data on attacks on healthcare were collected. The data collection ended on December 31, 2024. Statistical analysis entailed chi-square tests for temporal trends.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The WHO SSA and SHCC database reported a total of 4,289 and 5,454 attacks, respectively, in the five investigated conflict-affected countries. For all conflict-affected countries except Lebanon, there were significant differences between the databases regarding the reported number of attacks. Temporal trend analyses revealed that, in Myanmar, oPt, Sudan and Ukraine, the highest number of attacks occurred during the 0-2 month period. In Lebanon, the highest number of attacks was observed in the 9-11-month period. All peaks in the number of attacks were associated with either the immediate or early phase of the conflict or with major conflict escalations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Temporal trend analyses of five ongoing armed conflicts revealed that spikes in attacks on healthcare were either associated with the immediate or early phases of the conflict or with major conflict escalations. Although major differences exist between the WHO SSA and SHCC database, particularly regarding the reported number of attacks, the observed patterns were largely similar.</p>","PeriodicalId":51476,"journal":{"name":"Population Health Metrics","volume":" ","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12822187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145758206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The migration experience and mental health in the context of insecurity: evidence from Burkina Faso.","authors":"Hervé Bassinga, Alexandra Tebkieta Tapsoba, Bruno Yempabou Lankoandé, Nabié Douba, Mamadou Soura, Roch Modeste Millogo, Yacouba Compaoré, Soumaïla Ouedraogo, Daniel Mwanga","doi":"10.1186/s12963-025-00438-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12963-025-00438-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Since 2015, recurrent terrorist attacks in Burkina Faso have caused large-scale displacement, impacting the psychological health of affected populations. This study explores the effects of migration forced or voluntary on depression and anxiety among adolescents and young people aged 15-24, in line with SDG 3, which aims to \"ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages\".</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The analysis is based on data from the baseline survey conducted by the Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Population (ISSP) for the Sahel Resilience Building Program. A total of 1,911 adolescents and young people aged 15-24 living in four regions were interviewed. We measured mental health using two tools: the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depression and the Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) for anxiety. We used multinomial regressions to test the effects of migration status on depression and anxiety.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Forced migrants report higher symptoms of moderate or severe depression (11.1%) and anxiety (15.7%) compared to non-forced migrants (6.8% and 14.4%) and non-migrants (6.6% and 9.5%). Forced migrants were 2.16 times more likely (RRR = 2.16; p < 5%) than non-migrants to experience moderate or severe depression, and non-forced migrants were 2.12 times more likely (RRR = 2.12; p < 5%) than non-migrants to experience moderate or severe anxiety. Youth aged 20-24 and urban residents were also more likely to face these mental health issues.</p><p><strong>Contributions: </strong>These findings call for more attention to the needs of both forced and non-forced migrants in terms of mental health. Psychological care mechanisms are needed in destination areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":51476,"journal":{"name":"Population Health Metrics","volume":" ","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12817392/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145745725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}