Population Health Metrics最新文献

{"title":"4. THE POWER OF DATA. Global Malaria Governance and the Senegalese Data Retention Strike","authors":"Marlee Tichenor","doi":"10.1515/9780822374480-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9780822374480-005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51476,"journal":{"name":"Population Health Metrics","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87291624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"9. THE TYRANNY OF THE WIDGET. An American Medical Aid Organization’s Struggles with Quantification","authors":"P. Minn","doi":"10.1515/9780822374480-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9780822374480-010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51476,"journal":{"name":"Population Health Metrics","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75252463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"8. WHEN NUMBERS AND STORIES COLLIDE. Randomized Controlled Trials and the Search for Ethnographic Fidelity in the Veterans Administration","authors":"Carolyn Smith-Morris","doi":"10.1515/9780822374480-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9780822374480-009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51476,"journal":{"name":"Population Health Metrics","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81631190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking household surveys and facility assessments: a comparison of geospatial methods using nationally representative data from Malawi.","authors":"Michael A Peters, Diwakar Mohan, Patrick Naphini, Emily Carter, Melissa A Marx","doi":"10.1186/s12963-020-00242-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12963-020-00242-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Linking facility and household surveys through geographic methods is a popular technique to draw conclusions about the relationship between health services and population health outcomes at local levels. These methods are useful tools for measuring effective coverage and tracking progress towards Universal Health Coverage, but are understudied. This paper compares the appropriateness of several geospatial methods used for linking individuals (within displaced survey cluster locations) to their source of family planning (at undisplaced health facilities) at a national level.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In Malawi, geographic methods linked a population health survey, rural clusters from the Woman's Questionnaire of the 2015 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS 2015), to Malawi's national health facility census to understand the service environment where women receive family planning services. Individuals from MDHS 2015 clusters were linked to health facilities through four geographic methods: (i) closest facility, (ii) buffer (5 km), (iii) administrative boundary, and (iv) a newly described theoretical catchment area method. Results were compared across metrics to assess the number of unlinked clusters (data lost), the number of linkages per cluster (precision of linkage), and the number of women linked to their last source of modern contraceptive (appropriateness of linkage).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The closest facility and administrative boundary methods linked every cluster to at least one facility, while the 5-km buffer method left 288 clusters (35.3%) unlinked. The theoretical catchment area method linked all but one cluster to at least one facility (99.9% linked). Closest facility, 5-km buffer, administrative boundary, and catchment methods linked clusters to 1.0, 1.4, 21.1, and 3.3 facilities on average, respectively. Overall, the closest facility, 5-km buffer, administrative boundary, and catchment methods appropriately linked 64.8%, 51.9%, 97.5%, and 88.9% of women to their last source of modern contraceptive, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Of the methods studied, the theoretical catchment area linking method loses a marginal amount of population data, links clusters to a relatively low number of facilities, and maintains a high level of appropriate linkages. This linking method is demonstrated at scale and can be used to link individuals to qualities of their service environments and better understand the pathways through which interventions impact health.</p>","PeriodicalId":51476,"journal":{"name":"Population Health Metrics","volume":"18 1","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7731755/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38696391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequent use of emergency departments and chronic conditions in ageing societies: a retrospective analysis based in Italy.","authors":"Enrico di Bella, Luca Gandullia, Lucia Leporatti, Walter Locatelli, Marcello Montefiori, Luca Persico, Roberta Zanetti","doi":"10.1186/s12963-020-00237-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12963-020-00237-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Most western countries are facing relevant demographic changes, and the percentage of older people is destined to rise in the next decades. This fact is likely to affect the sustainability of healthcare systems significantly, mainly due to the connected issue of chronicity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this paper, using an extensive and comprehensive administrative dataset, we analyse the phenomenon of frequent use of emergency departments (ED) in the oldest region in Europe (i.e. Liguria) over 4 years (2013-2016). Two alternative approaches are used to define categories of ED users based on the intensity and frequency of accesses and splitting patients into different age groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results allow identifying clinical and socio-demographic risk-factors connected to different levels of ED utilisation and highlight the influential role played by chronic conditions (particularly mental disorders, respiratory diseases) and by multiple chronic conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study aims at representing an informative tool to support policy-makers in setting proper policies addressed, on the one side, towards the potentially preventable frequent users and, on the other, towards those accessing due to complex medical conditions. The results can help in building a warning system to help general practitioners in the identification of potential frequent users and to develop preventive policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":51476,"journal":{"name":"Population Health Metrics","volume":"18 1","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7654169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38586449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social network-based measurement of abortion incidence: promising findings from population-based surveys in Nigeria, Cote d'Ivoire, and Rajasthan, India.","authors":"Suzanne O Bell,&nbsp;Mridula Shankar,&nbsp;Elizabeth Omoluabi,&nbsp;Anoop Khanna,&nbsp;Hyacinthe Kouakou Andoh,&nbsp;Funmilola OlaOlorun,&nbsp;Danish Ahmad,&nbsp;Georges Guiella,&nbsp;Saifuddin Ahmed,&nbsp;Caroline Moreau","doi":"10.1186/s12963-020-00235-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12963-020-00235-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Monitoring abortion rates is highly relevant for demographic and public health considerations, yet its reliable estimation is fraught with uncertainty due to lack of complete national health facility service statistics and bias in self-reported survey data. In this study, we aim to test the confidante methodology for estimating abortion incidence rates in Nigeria, Cote d'Ivoire, and Rajasthan, India, and develop methods to adjust for violations of assumptions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In population-based surveys in each setting, female respondents of reproductive age reported separately on their two closest confidantes' experience with abortion, in addition to reporting about their own experiences. We used descriptive analyses and design-based F tests to test for violations of method assumptions. Using post hoc analytical techniques, we corrected for biases in the confidante sample to improve the validity and precision of the abortion incidence estimates produced from these data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicate incomplete transmission of confidante abortion knowledge, a biased confidante sample, but reduced social desirability bias when reporting on confidantes' abortion incidences once adjust for assumption violations. The extent to which the assumptions were met differed across the three contexts. The respondent 1-year pregnancy removal rate was 18.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 14.9-22.5) abortions per 1000 women of reproductive age in Nigeria, 18.8 (95% CI 11.8-25.8) in Cote d'Ivoire, and 7.0 (95% CI 4.6-9.5) in India. The 1-year adjusted abortion incidence rates for the first confidantes were 35.1 (95% CI 31.1-39.1) in Nigeria, 31.5 (95% CI 24.8-38.1) in Cote d'Ivoire, and 15.2 (95% CI 6.1-24.4) in Rajasthan, India. Confidante two's rates were closer to confidante one incidences than respondent incidences. The adjusted confidante one and two incidence estimates were significantly higher than respondent incidences in all three countries.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings suggest that the confidante approach may present an opportunity to address some abortion-related data deficiencies but require modeling approaches to correct for biases due to violations of social network-based method assumptions. The performance of these methodologies varied based on geographical and social context, indicating that performance may be better in settings where abortion is legally and socially restricted.</p>","PeriodicalId":51476,"journal":{"name":"Population Health Metrics","volume":"18 1","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12963-020-00235-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38505941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A latent class analysis of attitudes concerning the acceptability of intimate partner violence in rural Senegal.","authors":"John Sandberg,&nbsp;Rosalind Fennell,&nbsp;Yacine Boujija,&nbsp;Laetitia Douillot,&nbsp;Valerie Delaunay,&nbsp;Simona Bignami,&nbsp;Wubin Xie,&nbsp;Cheikh Sokhna,&nbsp;Steven Rytina","doi":"10.1186/s12963-020-00233-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12963-020-00233-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research concerning the causes and consequences of intimate partner violence (IPV), particularly in less developed areas of the world, has become prominent in the last two decades. Although a number of potential causal factors have been investigated the current consensus is that attitudes toward IPV on the individual level, likely representing perceptions of normative behavior, and the normative acceptability of IPV on the aggregate level likely play key roles. Measurement of both is generally approached through either binary indicators of acceptability of any type of IPV or additive composite indexes of multiple indicators. Both strategies imply untested assumptions which potentially have important implications for both research into the causes and consequences of IPV as well as interventions aimed to reduce its prevalence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using survey data from rural Senegal collected in 2014, this analysis estimates latent class measurement models of attitudes concerning the acceptability of IPV. We investigate the dimensional structure of IPV ideation and test the parallel indicator assumption implicit in common measurement strategies, as well as structural and measurement invariance between men and women.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We find that a two-class model of the acceptability of IPV in which the conditional probability of class membership is allowed to vary between the sexes is preferred for both men and women. Though the assumption of structural invariance between men and women is supported, measurement invariance and the assumption of parallel indicators (or equivalence of indicators used) are not.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Measurement strategies conventionally used to operationalize the acceptability of IPV, key to modeling perceptions of norms around IPV, are a poor fit to the data used here. Research concerning the measurement characteristics of IPV acceptability is a precondition for adequate investigation of its causes and consequences, as well as for intervention efforts aimed at reducing or eliminating IPV.</p>","PeriodicalId":51476,"journal":{"name":"Population Health Metrics","volume":"18 1","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12963-020-00233-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38496525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing coverage of essential maternal and child health interventions using health-facility data in Uganda.","authors":"Elizabeth M Simmons, Kavita Singh, Jamiru Mpiima, Manish Kumar, William Weiss","doi":"10.1186/s12963-020-00236-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12963-020-00236-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nationally representative household surveys are the gold standard for tracking progress in coverage of life-saving maternal and child interventions, but often do not provide timely information on coverage at the local and health facility level. Electronic routine health information system (RHIS) data could help provide this information, but there are currently concerns about data quality. This analysis seeks to improve the usability of and confidence in electronic RHIS data by using adjustments to calculate more accurate numerators and denominators for essential interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from three sources (Ugandan Demographic and Health (UDHS) survey, electronic RHIS, and census) were used to provide estimates of essential maternal (> 4 antenatal care visits (ANC), skilled delivery, and postnatal care visit (PNC)) and child health interventions (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b and polio vaccination series, measles vaccination, and vitamin A). Electronic RHIS data was checked for quality and both numerators and denominators were adjusted to improve accuracy. Estimates were compared between the three sources.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Estimates of maternal health interventions from adjusted electronic RHIS data were lower than those of the UDHS, while child intervention estimates were typically higher. Adjustment of electronic RHIS data generally improved accuracy compared with no adjustment. There was considerable agreement between estimates from adjusted, electronic RHIS data, and UDHS for skilled delivery and first dose of childhood vaccination series, but lesser agreement for ANC visits and second and third doses of childhood vaccinations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nationally representative household surveys will likely continue being the gold standard of coverage estimates of maternal and child health interventions, but this analysis shows that current approaches to adjusting health facility estimate works better for some indications than others. Further efforts to improve accuracy of estimates from RHIS sources are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":51476,"journal":{"name":"Population Health Metrics","volume":"18 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12963-020-00236-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38567772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring the prevalence of 60 health conditions in older Australians in residential aged care with electronic health records: a retrospective dynamic cohort study.","authors":"Kimberly E Lind,&nbsp;Magdalena Z Raban,&nbsp;Lindsey Brett,&nbsp;Mikaela L Jorgensen,&nbsp;Andrew Georgiou,&nbsp;Johanna I Westbrook","doi":"10.1186/s12963-020-00234-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12963-020-00234-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The number of older Australians using aged care services is increasing, yet there is an absence of reliable data on their health. Multimorbidity in this population has not been well described. A clear picture of the health status of people using aged care is essential for informing health practice and policy to support evidence-based, equitable, high-quality care. Our objective was to describe the health status of older Australians living in residential aged care facilities (RACFs) and develop a model for monitoring health conditions using data from electronic health record systems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a dynamic retrospective cohort of 9436 RACF residents living in 68 RACFs in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory from 2014 to 2017, we developed an algorithm to identify residents' conditions using aged care funding assessments, medications administered, and clinical notes from their facility electronic health record (EHR). We generated age- and sex-specific prevalence estimates for 60 health conditions. Agreement between conditions recorded in aged care funding assessments and those documented in residents' EHRs was evaluated using Cohen's kappa. Cluster analysis was used to describe combinations of health conditions (multimorbidity) occurring among residents.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using all data sources, 93% of residents had some form of circulatory disease, with hypertension the most common (62%). Most residents (93%) had a mental or behavioural disorder, including dementia (58%) or depression (54%). For most conditions, EHR data identified approximately twice the number of people with the condition compared to aged care funding assessments. Agreement between data sources was highest for multiple sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and dementia. The cluster analysis identified seven groups with distinct combinations of health conditions and demographic characteristics and found that the most complex cluster represented a group of residents that had on average the longest lengths of stay in residential care.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of many health conditions among RACF residents in Australia is underestimated in previous reports. Aged care EHR data have the potential to be used to better understand the complex health needs of this vulnerable population and can help fill the information gaps needed for population health surveillance and quality monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":51476,"journal":{"name":"Population Health Metrics","volume":"18 1","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12963-020-00234-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38570031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The burden of non-communicable diseases attributable to high BMI in Brazil, 1990-2017: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study.","authors":"Mariana Santos Felisbino-Mendes, Ewerton Cousin, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Ísis Eloah Machado, Antonio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro, Bruce Bartholow Duncan, Maria Inês Schmidt, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Scott Glenn, Ashkan Afshin, Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez","doi":"10.1186/s12963-020-00219-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12963-020-00219-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prevalence and burden of disease resulting from obesity have increased worldwide. In Brazil, more than half of the population is now overweight. However, the impact of this growing risk factor on disease burden remains inexact. Using the 2017 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) results, this study sought to estimate mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost to non-communicable diseases caused by high body mass index (BMI) in both sexes and across age categories. This study also aimed to describe the prevalence of overweight and obesity throughout the states of Brazil.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Age-standardized prevalence of overweight and obesity were estimated between 1990 and 2017. A comparative risk assessment was applied to estimate DALYs and deaths for non-communicable diseases and for all causes linked to high BMI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased during the period of analysis. Overall, age-standardized prevalence of obesity in Brazil was higher in females (29.8%) than in males (24.6%) in 2017; however, since 1990, males have presented greater rise in obesity (244.1%) than females (165.7%). Increases in prevalence burden were greatest in states from the North and Northeast regions of Brazil. Overall, burden due to high BMI also increased from 1990 to 2017. In 2017, high BMI was responsible for 12.3% (8.8-16.1%) of all deaths and 8.4% (6.3-10.7%) of total DALYs lost to non-communicable diseases, up from 7.2% (4.1-10.8%), and 4.6% (2.4-6.0%) in 1990, respectively. Change due to risk exposure is the leading contributor to the growth of BMI burden in Brazil. In 2017, high BMI was responsible for 165,954 deaths and 5,095,125 DALYs. Cardiovascular disease and diabetes have proven to be the most prevalent causes of deaths, along with DALYs caused by high BMI, regardless of sex or state.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates increasing age-standardized prevalence of obesity in all Brazilian states. High BMI plays an important role in disease burdens in terms of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and all causes of mortality. Assessing levels and trends in exposures to high BMI and the resulting disease burden highlights the current priority for primary prevention and public health action initiatives focused on obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":51476,"journal":{"name":"Population Health Metrics","volume":"18 Suppl 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7525961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38434370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}