{"title":"Source characterization of a ducted source using acoustic free velocity","authors":"David Neihguk, D. Herrin, Ke Luo","doi":"10.3397/nc_2024_0173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3397/nc_2024_0173","url":null,"abstract":"A common method to characterize linear time invariant ducted acoustic sources is the electro-acoustic analogy. The sources are typically defined by their internal source strength and source impedance. Various methods have emerged to determine the source characteristics, broadly categorized\u0000 into direct and indirect methods. Direct methods involve using a secondary source with significantly higher amplitude to measure source impedance but cannot determine source strength. Indirect methods vary acoustic loads to obtain both source strength and source impedance, accuracy depends\u0000 on appropriate load combinations. In this research, we propose an inverse method to determine the acoustic source strength from the measured acoustic transfer function and the operational acoustic pressure. This approach yields what we term as the \"acoustic free velocity,\" corresponding\u0000 to a plane monopole source that characterizes the original sound source. Subsequently, the source impedance is obtained using the acoustic free velocity in conjunction with the load impedance and acoustic pressure in the acoustic circuit. The method is demonstrated using a compressor driver\u0000 source attached to a 1 3/8\" impedance tube. Validation of the measured source strength and source impedance is conducted using a two-load method. Additionally, prediction of muffler insertion loss shows a good correlation with experimental measurements, affirming the efficacy of the proposed\u0000 methodology.","PeriodicalId":514177,"journal":{"name":"INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings","volume":" 54","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Extremely low-vibration experiments with resolutions nanometer range supported on air tables may also require a low-noise environment","authors":"M. Gendreau, H. Amick","doi":"10.3397/nc_2024_0124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3397/nc_2024_0124","url":null,"abstract":"The paper reports key results from an extensive diagnostic study examining a room's vibration and acoustic noise environments and their correlation to measurement noise. Vibrations of unknown origin were contaminating research being performed on highly vibration-sensitive apparatus\u0000 in the basement of a recently completed engineering building. The research involved extensive single‐molecule microscopy requiring resolutions down to 1 nm carried out on an optical table supported on pneumatic legs. Researchers reported that the experimental noise was reported to be\u0000 of random amplitude less than 40 nm. The problem did not appear to correlate with obvious building or personnel activities. The design vibration and noise criteria for the new space had been VC-E and NC-40, respectively. At the time of the study, the ambient floor vibrations were several classes\u0000 better; however, the acoustic environment was slightly worse. FRF correlation was calculated between combinations of the tabletop and floor vibrations and airborne sound. The best correlation was between tabletop vibration and airborne sound. The supply air was a significant part of the problem,\u0000 but the ceiling offered very little attenuation from above. Some of the sound was being generated above the ceiling by HVAC components other than the supply air.","PeriodicalId":514177,"journal":{"name":"INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings","volume":" 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141834005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of Microperforated Panel Parallel Baffle Silencers in Ducts","authors":"Caoyang Li, David Herrin","doi":"10.3397/nc_2024_0175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3397/nc_2024_0175","url":null,"abstract":"Microperforated panel (MPP) baffle sound absorbers are analogous to glass fiber parallel baffles frequently used in building air moving equipment or large exhaust systems. The MPP baffles in this study consists of two microperforated panels with honeycomb sandwiched between them. The\u0000 MPP baffles are tested by positioning them in a duct and measuring the insertion loss where insertion loss is defined as the difference in outlet sound power without and with the baffled treatment. It is demonstrated that the insertion loss of the MPP baffle treatments is superior to single\u0000 MPP sheets positioned in the duct and the honeycomb by itself. A finite element model of the MPP baffle is also developed and results correlate acceptably with the measured results.","PeriodicalId":514177,"journal":{"name":"INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141834077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Underwater sound from rotary oscillator and pile driving construction activities - I-205 Bridge over the Willamette River - I-205 Abernethy Bridge, Oregon","authors":"James Reyff, Adwait Ambaskar","doi":"10.3397/nc_2024_0126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3397/nc_2024_0126","url":null,"abstract":"The Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) is conducting construction work in the Willamette River that involved the installation of piles through the water. There is a potential for impacts to wildlife, primarily fish, due to high noise levels. The project added piers to the existing\u0000 bridge that consist of 12-foot diameter pile casings and drilled shafts. These casings are installed through rotary-oscillation drilled shafts that extended well below the water. These piles extend 200 feet below the river bottom. A large rotary oscillator was required to install the casings,\u0000 which was supported on temporary platforms constructed in water. The platforms were supported by hollow 36-inch diameter steel piles. Underwater sounds from rotary oscillators have not been measured extensively in the past. This paper describes the underwater sound levels and characteristics\u0000 of drilling large diameter casings deep through the substrate using the rotary oscillator. Measurements were also conducted for impact pile driving sounds from installation of the 36-inch diameter piles. The sound measurements evaluated the effectiveness of air bubble curtains meant to reduce\u0000 sound from impact pile driving and meet permit requirements to minimize exposure of fish to harmful sound levels.","PeriodicalId":514177,"journal":{"name":"INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings","volume":" 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141834088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of Ensemble vs One-Third Octave Band Averaging of Field Collected Decays","authors":"Matthew V. Golden","doi":"10.3397/nc_2024_0180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3397/nc_2024_0180","url":null,"abstract":"There are two allowable methods to calculate the average decay rate in ASTM E2235 - 20, \"Standard Test Method for Determination of Decay Rates for Use in Sound Insulation Test Methods\". The first averages the data that is presented by the sound level meter for each measurement.\u0000 The second employs ensemble averaging to create one decay curve and then perform the decay rate calculation on that new curve. Historically, portable sound level meters exported a calculated reverberation time in each one-third octave band for each measurement due to lack of computing power.\u0000 With the rapid increase in portable computing power, portable sound level meters can now easily perform ensemble averaging. These two methods will be compared. It will be shown that ensemble averaging will produce reliable results with far fewer decays than arithmetic averaging.","PeriodicalId":514177,"journal":{"name":"INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings","volume":" 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solomon Ologe, Ufuoma Peter Anaidhuno, Idowu Mushafau Oshundairo
{"title":"The Impact of Vessel/Ship Noise on the Productivity and Well-being of Maritime Crew: A Holistic Examination","authors":"Solomon Ologe, Ufuoma Peter Anaidhuno, Idowu Mushafau Oshundairo","doi":"10.3397/nc_2024_0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3397/nc_2024_0006","url":null,"abstract":"This comprehensive survey examines the impact of vessel/ship noise on the productivity and well-being of 500 maritime crew members. The study explores the multifaceted repercussions of regular exposure to ship-related noise on both the operational efficiency and overall health of seafarers.\u0000 Through an extensive examination of existing literature and first-hand assessments, the research delves into the physiological and psychological effects of vessel noise on crew members. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and descriptive geometry were utilized to analyse the\u0000 field response data. Additionally, it evaluates the potential implications for maritime safety and productivity. Investigated noise levels range from 60 to 110 dB, observed productivity ranges from 40 to 90%, and well-being ranges from 60 to 95%. The findings from this survey offer valuable\u0000 insights to the maritime industry, illuminating the complex relationship between ship noise, crew well-being, and operational performance. Keywords: Maritime Noise Impact, Crew Well-being, Holistic Examination, Productivity Challenges and Vessel Sound Effects.","PeriodicalId":514177,"journal":{"name":"INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings","volume":" 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the modeling of urban air mobility vehicle takeoff and landing operations in the FAA Aviation Environmental Design Tool","authors":"Stefan J. Letica, Stephen A. Rizzi","doi":"10.3397/nc_2024_0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3397/nc_2024_0035","url":null,"abstract":"Urban air mobility (UAM) vehicles are anticipated to operate in close proximity to the public. A possible barrier to the introduction of UAM vehicles as a transit solution is their community noise impact, particularly around vertiports. The Federal Aviation Administration Aviation Environmental\u0000 Design Tool (AEDT) is the mandated tool to assess aircraft noise and other environmental impacts due to federal actions at civilian airports, vertiports, or in U.S. airspace for commercial flight operations. However, AEDT was designed to model fixed-wing aircraft and conventional helicopter\u0000 operations, not UAM vehicles. Prior work by the authors showed significant differences in noise contours of UAM departures and approaches when modeling operations as fixed-wing and helicopter types in AEDT. This paper identifies the sources of those differences. Additionally, a NASA time-marching\u0000 simulation tool is used to generate noise exposure data for equivalent operations to help identify differences associated with the integrated noise model implemented in AEDT and offer possible changes to assess UAM community noise impact more consistently with simulation-based modeling.","PeriodicalId":514177,"journal":{"name":"INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings","volume":" 92","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A case study of residential waste plumbing noise control","authors":"Jeff Fullerton","doi":"10.3397/nc_2024_0187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3397/nc_2024_0187","url":null,"abstract":"Home renovations occasionally include the optimization of the residential layout by changing the use of the original rooms to different uses. A recent residential renovation involved changing a top floor bedroom into a full bathroom to provide the homeowners with a toilet and shower\u0000 closer to the bedrooms on the upper floor of the residence. With this change, a new toilet on the upper floor was located over a portion of a kitchen ceiling on the lower floor below, raising the concern for fluid flow noise in the kitchen when the toilet was flushed. This paper will review\u0000 the laboratory testing of pipe noise, conditions associated with plumbing of this case study, the noise control approach that was implemented, and measurements of the mitigation at different times prior to the final result.","PeriodicalId":514177,"journal":{"name":"INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings","volume":" 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of steering wheel vibration in electric vehicles and application to Dynamic Motor Drive","authors":"Vijay Srinivasan, Vibhor Kumar Rajput","doi":"10.3397/nc_2024_0185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3397/nc_2024_0185","url":null,"abstract":"Eliminating steering wheel vibration is a key in refining vehicle Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH). The absence of masking engine noise and vibration makes this challenge harder in a pure electric vehicle. This paper provides three key insights with regards to the evaluation of\u0000 steering wheel vibration in EVs using on-road test data. First, we explore the effects of steering wheel grip variation in the measured accelerometer response. Second, we identify the limitations of evaluating powertrain induced vibration in a noisy environment and propose a post-processing\u0000 technique to reject irregular road-induced perturbations from the measured data. Third, we evaluate a tuned mass absorber as a localized mitigation tool for steering wheel vibration. Finally, we describe how the above techniques were brought together to deliver a refined NVH experience while\u0000 integrating Dynamic Motor Drive (DMD) technology as a software-only solution which has been shown to improve EV range by 0.4% on IPM and 3% on EESM based vehicles.","PeriodicalId":514177,"journal":{"name":"INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings","volume":" 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modeling noise from large-scale data center equipment","authors":"Adam Buck","doi":"10.3397/nc_2024_0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3397/nc_2024_0037","url":null,"abstract":"Data centers present unique noise modeling challenges due to the scale of equipment needed to meet cooling and backup power demands. Three-dimensional environmental noise modeling software that is based on ISO 9613-2 \"Attenuation of sound during propagation outdoors\" offers\u0000 a range of modeling techniques. While more detailed modeling techniques may offer more accuracy in the near field, they also increase model calculation run times. Additionally, manufacturer sound emissions data often more closely align with simplified modeling techniques. This evaluation reviews\u0000 common data center noise sources, reviews the range of manufacturer noise emissions data typically available for such sources, and compares noise modeling techniques with reference to on-site observations.","PeriodicalId":514177,"journal":{"name":"INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings","volume":" 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}