European Journal of Health Economics最新文献

{"title":"Understanding moral trade-offs in pandemic response: A discrete choice experiment on avian influenza policies.","authors":"Nicholas V R Smeele, Charlotte N M Waltz, Anja J M Schreijer, Pearl A Dykstra","doi":"10.1007/s10198-026-01985-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-026-01985-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pandemic preparedness requires navigating trade-offs between health, economic, and social impacts; choices that often involve moral tensions. This study investigates how the Dutch public evaluates such trade-offs in the context of a potential outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). Using a discrete choice experiment (DCE) administered to a representative sample of 1,045 respondents from the LISS panel, we examined preferences across six policy outcomes: mortality, lasting physical and mental injuries, postponed healthcare, social restrictions, and one-off tax payments. A latent class logit model identified four distinct preference profiles, revealing substantial heterogeneity in moral and economic reasoning. Two classes exhibited taboo trade-off aversion (TTOA) when values such as life or human dignity were traded against monetary costs. Respondents displaying TTOA emphasized solidarity and governmental responsibility, while cost-sensitive groups prioritized economic efficiency. These findings highlight that public acceptance of pandemic policies depends not only on effectiveness and cost but also on perceived moral legitimacy. Accounting for TTOA in economic evaluation can improve the ethical considerations and societal acceptability of future pandemic preparedness strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":51416,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Health Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148834579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How long retirement lasts matters: the effect of retirement duration on frailty in Europe.","authors":"Thomas Blavet, Thomas Rapp, Jérôme Ronchetti, Jonathan Sicsic","doi":"10.1007/s10198-026-01986-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-026-01986-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many OECD countries have implemented retirement policies aimed at increasing the minimum retirement age, with the dual objectives of improving older workers' employment rates and ensuring the financial sustainability of pension systems. However, the long-term effects of retirement on health - and particularly on the onset of frailty - remain underexplored. In this paper, we examine the impact of retirement duration on the probability of being frail using an instrumental variable approach and assess heterogeneity by gender and occupation. Our analysis draws on longitudinal data from seven waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), spanning 2004-2019, and restricted to individuals aged 50-75. We instrument retirement duration using both the number of years since the early retirement age and the number of years since the statutory retirement age. The results reveal a non-linear relationship between retirement duration and frailty: in the short and medium term, retirement reduces the likelihood of being frail, whereas in the long term, it increases this likelihood. The marginal effect of retirement duration becomes positive after approximately 4.4 years of retirement, indicating that beyond this point, each additional year of retirement is associated with a higher probability of being frail. These findings suggest that while retirement may initially benefit health, prolonged retirement can impact health negatively, highlighting the need for preventive programs targeting individuals exiting the labor market early.</p>","PeriodicalId":51416,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Health Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148814769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The application of excess hazard models for plausible long-term extrapolation in cost-effectiveness: a re-evaluation of immunotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer using the KEYNOTE-024 trial.","authors":"Kun Kim, Michael Sweeting, Nils Wilking, Linus Jönsson","doi":"10.1007/s10198-026-01981-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-026-01981-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Economic evaluations often rely on immature data to evaluate cost-effectiveness of new treatments. Pembrolizumab was approved for advanced non-small cell lung cancer with high PD-L1 expression based on interim data from the KEYNOTE-024 trial. Using 5-year follow-up data, we re-evaluated the cost-effectiveness analysis to assess optimal survival models and their impact on the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A partitioned survival model was developed from the national payer's perspective. Standard parametric distribution (SPD) models and excess hazard (EH) models were fitted to digitally reconstructed overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) data from the 11-month interim and 5-year follow-up data from KEYNOTE-024. EH models incorporated general population mortality (GPM) rates to ensure stability and consistency in modelling OS and PFS. Model inputs were primarily derived from the prior assessment by the Swedish Health Technology Assessment agency. Uncertainties around survival models and inputs were examined in probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We demonstrated that incorporating the relative survival framework, using EH models, provided a more suitable modelling approach than SPD models when applied to immature survival data from a clinical trial. The SPD exponential models produced overly pessimistic projections, while the SPD log-normal models produced overly optimistic projections. The EH log-normal models without a cure assumption aligned closely with the follow-up data, producing realistic and consistent projections across interim and follow-up data. Scatter plots from the EH models exhibited reduced variability than the SPD models in PSA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Model selection should prioritize realistic survival projections with the use of EH models that incorporate GPM adjustment potentially preferred over SPD models. Models that accommodate waning disease-specific mortality with or without a cure assumption should be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":51416,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Health Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148801337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of proxy-reported EQ-5D-Y-3L in younger children with spinal muscular atrophy: age-related differences in performance.","authors":"Chenxi Yang, Janine Verstraete, Richard Huan Xu, Dong Dong","doi":"10.1007/s10198-026-01980-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-026-01980-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to examine the psychometric performance of the proxy-reported EQ-5D-Y-3L (Y-3L) for children living with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) aged between 5 and 12 years, with a particular focus on examining whether its properties differ across three age groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients were recruited through a nation-wide patient advocacy association in China. Parents of eligible patients were invited to complete a web-based survey. Proxy-reported cross-sectional data from children aged 5-12 years were included in the analysis and categorized into three age groups: 5-6, 7-8, and 9-12 years. Convergent validity, known-groups validity, and the explanatory power of the Y-3L were assessed across the three age groups as well as in the overall sample.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Y-3L showed strong ceiling effects for \"pain/discomfort\" and \"feeling worried, sad, or unhappy,\" and floor effects in the three physical dimensions. Ceiling effects generally decreased with age for \"pain/discomfort\" and \"feeling worried, sad, or unhappy.\" Level sum scores and index values correlated moderately to strongly with other measures. Four dimensions correlated well with comparator scales, but \"doing usual activities\" showed weaker links. Known-groups validity was highest for Y-3L, with clear age differences. Y-3L dimensions explained less EQ VAS variance with age, while emotional problems were more influential in 5-6-year-olds.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Y-3L is a valid instrument for assessing health-related quality of life in SMA children aged between 5 and 12 years, with better psychometric properties observed in older children aged over 7 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":51416,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Health Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148801390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of body mass index categories with healthcare use and health expenditures in Switzerland: a cross-sectional, community-based study.","authors":"Julien Gisiger, Pedro Marques Vidal, Jacques Spycher, Julien Vaucher, Joachim Marti, Peter Vollenweider","doi":"10.1007/s10198-026-01978-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-026-01978-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Increased body mass index (BMI) is associated with increased medical costs, but no information is available for Switzerland. We investigated the association of individual BMI categories with healthcare use and healthcare expenditures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from an ongoing prospective, community-based study conducted in Lausanne, Switzerland. Information on healthcare use, type of insurance and deductible level were provided by the participants for period 2018-2021. Health expenditures were obtained from health insurers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>1960 participants (64.5 ± 9.6 years, 50.4% women) had data on healthcare use. After multivariable adjustment on socioeconomic and health covariates, participants with obesity were less likely to use complementary medicines or over the counter drugs, odds ratio and (95% confidence interval): 0.74 (0.56-0.98) and 0.61 (0.44-0.85), respectively, while being more likely to be on polypharmacy [1.52 (1.05-2.20)] and benefitting from home care [2.25 (1.19-4.25)]. 907 participants (64.4 ± 9.4 years, 48.6% women) had data on health expenditures. BMI levels were positively associated with total health expenditures (median and [interquartile range]: 3740 [1717-7935], 2815 [666-6170] and 1680 [248-4975] CHF for obesity, overweight and normal weight, respectively, p < 0.001) and expenditures paid by insurance (3189 [820-7262], 2179 [0-5604] and 1019 [0-4205] CHF, respectively, p < 0.001). After multivariable adjustment, participants with obesity still presented higher total expenditures, while no difference was found for insurance-paid expenditures or participants with overweight.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>People with obesity have higher healthcare use and higher total health expenditures than people with normal weight.</p>","PeriodicalId":51416,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Health Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148686143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-effectiveness of a single dose of the adjuvanted respiratory syncytial virus preFusion protein 3 vaccine over 5 years and its potential public health impact among older adults in Italy.","authors":"Anna Puggina, Eleftherios Zarkadoulas, Filippo Rumi, Alen Marijam, Giovanna Elisa Calabrò","doi":"10.1007/s10198-026-01968-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-026-01968-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Respiratory syncytial virus-associated acute respiratory illness (RSV-ARI) is an underrecognized cause of illness in older adults aged ≥ 75 years (OAs) and individuals at increased risk (AIR), contributing to a substantial disease burden. AS01E-adjuvanted RSV PreFusion protein 3 vaccine (aRSVPreF3) is approved for the prevention of RSV-associated lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) in OAs. This study assesses the cost-effectiveness of a single dose of aRSVPreF3 vaccine among OAs and AIR individuals aged 60-74 years over 5 years in Italy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A static multi-cohort Markov model with 5-year horizon and 1-month cycle length was developed to model the effect of aRSVPreF3 vaccination. Inputs were obtained from national databases and scientific literature. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the results to variations in input parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 75% coverage, aRSVPreF3 vaccination was predicted to prevent 1,253,641 and 1,083,247 RSV-ARI cases, and 552,517 and 579,008 RSV-LRTD cases, with direct healthcare costs reduced by €240,849,821 and €331,050,265 over a 5-year period in OAs and AIR individuals, respectively. Vaccination of OAs and AIR individuals was estimated to prevent 58,129 and 102,786 quality-adjusted life-year losses, yielding incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of €13,832 and €4,529, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Vaccination of OAs and AIR individuals with one dose of aRSVPreF3 has the potential to reduce RSV disease-associated burden and direct costs for the Italian National Healthcare System over a 5-year period. These results could support policymakers and clinicians in decision-making processes around the recommendation and implementation of RSV vaccination in Italy.</p>","PeriodicalId":51416,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Health Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148686240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stock neutrality, flow crowding-out, and state dependence: revisiting the debt-health nexus in OECD Europe.","authors":"Chengcheng Yue, Lili Shang, Jiangrui Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10198-026-01971-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-026-01971-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Public debt is widely assumed to constrain social spending by shrinking fiscal space, yet empirical evidence from advanced economies shows little consistent association between debt levels and public health expenditure. This study revisits the debt-health nexus by distinguishing between two analytically separate fiscal constraints: long-term solvency, captured by public debt stock, and short-term liquidity, captured by debt service obligations. Using an unbalanced panel of 26 OECD European countries from 2000 to 2022, the analysis combines data from the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the OECD and employs a dynamic panel framework estimated with bias-corrected least squares dummy variable methods. The empirical strategy explicitly separates stock and flow effects, controls for total government expenditure to identify compositional crowding-out, and tests whether fiscal constraints vary across macroeconomic conditions. The results indicate that public debt stock does not exert a robust negative effect on health expenditure, suggesting a form of \"stock neutrality\" in mature welfare states. By contrast, interest payments are associated with significantly lower public health expenditure, even conditional on total government expenditure, indicating compositional crowding-out. Moreover, this liquidity-based crowding-out is shaped by macro-fiscal context, with its strength varying across periods of fiscal stress and more stable economic conditions. These findings highlight the importance of debt-service costs, rather than debt accumulation per se, as a key fiscal mechanism shaping health system financing in advanced economies.</p>","PeriodicalId":51416,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Health Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148664800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agreement and measurement properties of the interviewer-administered, self-completed and proxy-reported versions of the Tigrinya EQ-5D-Y-5L in Ethiopia.","authors":"Abraham G Welie, Elly Stolk, Janine Verstraete, Laura Duncan, Mike Herdman, Feng Xie","doi":"10.1007/s10198-026-01972-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-026-01972-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess measurement properties of self-complete (SC), interviewer-administered (IA), and proxy-report versions of EQ-5D-Y-5L and to assess the degree of agreement in response between these versions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>SC, IA, and proxy-report were administered to children and adolescents with and without health conditions on two occasions, separated by either a 10-day interval (to assess test-retest reliability) or a one-month interval (to assess responsiveness). The SC and IA versions were administered in randomized order. Agreement and test-retest reliability assessed using Gwet's agreement coefficient (Gwet's AC2) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and, interpreted based on predefined thresholds. Feasibility, known-group validity, and responsiveness were assessed using missing values, Kruskal-Wallis test, and standardized effect size (SES), respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 644 child/parent dyads participated. Missing values were higher for SC, particularly among younger children aged 8-12 years (4.65%-11.63%). Agreement between EQ-5D-Y-5L versions ranged from moderate to almost perfect, with excellent test-retest reliability across all dimensions and EQ-VAS. The EQ-5D-Y-5L level sum score (LSS) significantly differentiated between known disease groups across all versions (SC: χ² = 285; IA: χ² = 273; Proxy-report: χ² = 232; all p < 0.01). Both SC and IA versions were responsive to change in health with a moderate SES (SC: 0.74, - 0.61; IA: 0.36, - 0.66) in \"worsened\" and \"improved\" groups, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The substantial agreement and similar measurement properties between SC and IA versions suggest that IA could be used as an alternative approach for data collection when self-complete is not an option. Although the proxy-report version had acceptable measurement properties, they were inferior to the SC and IA versions.</p>","PeriodicalId":51416,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Health Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148664802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The elicitation of quality of life preferences for lung cancer treatment from the perspective of patients and treating physicians: results of two discrete choice experiments.","authors":"Martin Emmert, Stefan Rohrbacher, Marie Ringlein, Ksenia Ibler, Florian Gürtler-Daiß, Michael Koller, Brunhilde Steinger, Jacqueline Müller-Nordhorn, Vinzenz Völkel, Monika Klinkhammer-Schalke, Sophie Friebel","doi":"10.1007/s10198-026-01979-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-026-01979-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Maintaining or improving the health-related quality of life (QoL) of lung cancer patients is essential throughout treatment. To support shared decision-making and improve patient-physician communication, patients' preferences should be understood and considered in clinical decision-making; however, existing research indicates notable discrepancies between patient and physician priorities. This study therefore aims to elicit and compare their preferences regarding QoL dimensions in lung cancer care in Germany.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on systematic literature reviews as well as qualitative analysis, two discrete choice experiments (DCEs) were applied to elicit the preferences of patients and treating physicians. In the DCE scenarios, both groups chose between alternative QoL profiles reflecting different health states during lung cancer treatment. Data were analyzed using multinomial logit models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The final DCEs comprised five common attributes - activities of daily living, shortness of breath, anxiety, social life, and emotional impairment - and one group-specific attribute: financial difficulties in the patient DCE and severity of pain in the physician DCE. Overall, 162 patients (mean age: 60.39 years, SD 10.05) and 154 referring physicians (mean age: 51.26 years, SD 11.28) participated. All model coefficients were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Patients prioritized \"Shortness of breath\" (28.0%; level range of 1.417) and \"Activities of daily living\" (23.8%; level range of 1.207), while \"Emotional impairment\" (6.4%; level range of 0.323) ranked lowest. In contrast, treating physicians emphasized ''Shortness of breath\" (26.0%; level range of 1.114) and \"Severity of pain\" (22.5%; level range of 0.962); again, \"Emotional impairment\" ranked lowest (4.8%; level range of 0.207).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, patients and treating physicians showed broad agreement regarding the importance of several central QoL dimensions, particularly shortness of breath and activities of daily living. At the same time, differences in the weighting of selected attributes suggest that individual QoL priorities should be addressed explicitly in patient-physician communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":51416,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Health Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148664813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Points to consider for incorporating climate impacts into health economic evaluation.","authors":"Jule Oldenburg, Oliver Lange, Mattis Keil, Scott McAlister, Rachael Morton, Don Husereau, Wolf Rogowski","doi":"10.1007/s10198-025-01859-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10198-025-01859-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Methodological approaches for incorporating the external effects resulting from climate impacts into health economic evaluation (HEE) are a vivid field of research. Combining established standards for reporting HEE and climate footprints (CF), our aim is to develop a structured list of points to consider for reporting full HEE that combines the two methodologies, referred to as climate-extended HEE METHODS: We mapped a transparency catalogue with methodological items for estimating CF to the reporting items described in the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS). We identified synergies and developed a proposal of methodological points to report for climate-extended HEE, structured by the CHEERS items. The proposal was validated using three published climate-extended HEEs and a hypothetical case study..</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We proposed extensions to 18 reporting items of CHEERS, for example, adding more detail to the measurement and valuation of resources and costs to facilitate a process- or cost-based estimation of CF. Using three identified publications and a hypothetical case study, examples on how all items could be addressed are provided, including a presentation of climate-extended versions of the standard summary measures of HEE.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The proposed catalogue can be used for reporting and reviewing climate-extended HEEs. Further work is necessary to include planetary boundaries beyond climate change. Future steps could be, first, to develop a reporting standard within a formal Delphi process of all relevant stakeholders. Second, the catalogue can be used to develop standards of analytic choices for specific decision makers or problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":51416,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Health Economics","volume":" ","pages":"1261-1276"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13451359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145913697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}