Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique最新文献

{"title":"Examining the Capacities of Municipal Governments to Reduce Health Inequities: A Survey of Municipal Actors' Perceptions in Metro Vancouver.","authors":"Patricia A Collins, Michael V Hayes","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00927-0","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00927-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":"739-745"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559503/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142480320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mental health of staff at violence against women organizations during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from a mixed-methods study of service providers in Canada's largest city.","authors":"Bridget Steele, Priya Shastri, Catherine Moses, Elizabeth Tremblay, Monique Arcenal, Patricia O'Campo, Robin Mason, Janice Du Mont, Maria Hujbregts, Amanda Sim, Alexa R Yakubovich","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00904-7","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00904-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Staff at violence against women (VAW) organizations provide essential services for survivors of violence. The increase in VAW during the COVID-19 pandemic placed additional pressures on VAW staff. We investigated the impacts of the pandemic on the mental health of VAW staff in the Greater Toronto Area to inform recommendations for policy and practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a community-based, mixed-methods study on the processes, experiences, and outcomes of adapting VAW programming during the pandemic using a sequential explanatory approach. Throughout 2021, we conducted a survey of direct support and leadership staff who worked on VAW services (\"VAW staff\") followed by semi-structured interviews with VAW staff purposively sampled from the survey. We descriptively analyzed quantitative survey data on the mental health of 127 VAW staff. We then applied thematic analysis to qualitative data from 18 interviews with VAW staff. We used the qualitative data to support interpretation and enrich the quantitative findings regarding staff mental health.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the survey, 81% of leadership and 61% of direct support staff indicated that their work was more distressing during the pandemic. Participants reported moderate symptoms of vicarious trauma and mild symptoms of anxiety and depression. We generated three themes from the qualitative data to help explain these findings: (1) challenges related to changing work environments; (2) distress over not meeting client needs; and (3) difficulties in adapting self-care strategies in response to pandemic stressors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>VAW organizations require increased resources and flexible funding to hire and retain more staff to respond to higher and more complex caseloads during public health emergencies. With more structural supports in place, VAW organizations could create more time and space to develop their trauma-informed organizational practices: for example, establishing a culture of connection and learning among staff virtually and in-person and facilitating a range of self-care opportunities.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":"756-769"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11535010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rising out-of-hospital mortality in Canada during 2020‒2022: A striking impact observed among young adults.","authors":"Mukesh Kumar, Jessalyn K Holodinsky, Amy Y X Yu, Candace D McNaughton, Peter C Austin, Anna Chu, Michael D Hill, Colleen Norris, Douglas S Lee, Moira K Kapral, Nadia Khan, Noreen Kamal","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00934-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-024-00934-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Out-of-hospital mortality rates surged during the early COVID-19 pandemic. While expecting a return to pre-pandemic levels, the evolving patterns of out-of-hospital mortality in Canada remain uncertain. We investigated whether these rates returned to pre-pandemic levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study, employing linked administrative data, analyzed out-of-hospital mortality trends among adult residents in Ontario, Alberta, and Nova Scotia. Interrupted time series analysis assessed trends in age- and sex-standardized rates/100,000/quarter during pre-pandemic (April 2014-March 2020) and pandemic periods (April 2020-March 2022), while considering April to June 2020 as the pandemic onset period. Crude mortality rates were also examined, stratified by sex and age groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pre-pandemic, Ontario's standardized out-of-hospital mortality rates were rising, while Alberta's and Nova Scotia's remained stable. At the pandemic onset, all provinces experienced significant increases in standardized out-of-hospital mortality rates/100,000 (Ontario: β 14.6, 95% CI [3.97, 25.22]; Alberta: 21.3, 95% CI [9.26, 33.34]; Nova Scotia: 10.5, 95% CI [1.06, 19.88]). During the pandemic, standardized out-of-hospital mortality rates/100,000/quarter remained above pre-pandemic levels, with no significant departure from the increased pandemic onset levels (Ontario: - 1.6, 95% CI [- 3.63, 0.52]; Alberta: 0.45, 95% CI [- 1.47, 2.36]; Nova Scotia: - 0.06, 95% CI [- 2.18, 2.06]). Crude out-of-hospital mortality rates increased most prominently among individuals aged 18 to 45 in Alberta and Ontario, and among males across all provinces.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The sustained increase in out-of-hospital mortality, observed from the pandemic's onset, spanning more than 2 years, potentially suggests its persistent direct and indirect effects on population health in Canada.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142332142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canada's Census of Environment and public health.","authors":"Chris G Buse","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00954-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-024-00954-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 2021 federal budget committed funding to a co-sponsored Statistics Canada and Environment and Climate Change Canada initiative aimed at conducting a 'census' of Canadian environments. The goal of the Census of Environment (CoE) is \"to deliver a full picture of the complex relationship between ecosystems and the economy, society, and human well-being\", with obvious implications for the ongoing monitoring and surveillance of environmental influence on human health. This commentary reflects on the evolution of the CoE initiative in describing two opportunities for population and public health researchers, practitioners, and policy-makers in engaging with the CoE and its data. First, it describes stated CoE commitments to enhancing access to complex environmental data and the provision of data processing to support novel analyses and data utilization. Second, it highlights the relative importance of disaggregating environmental data across a variety of bio-geographical scales to engender a holistic understanding of the health of multiple elements that comprise living systems, including consideration of environmental health equity and intersectoral action. It ends with a constructive critique of the CoE's framing of 'ecosystem accounting' to support its maturation, and advocates for public health involvement in centring the importance of health in this initiative into the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142332140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual and gender minority youth in Canada: An investigation of disparities in positive mental health.","authors":"Sonia Hajo, Colin A Capaldi, Li Liu","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00931-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-024-00931-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>While studies indicate that 2SLGBTQ + youth are more likely to experience negative psychological outcomes compared to their heterosexual and cisgender peers, less is known about the positive mental health (PMH) of 2SLGBTQ + youth in Canada. To fill this gap, we investigated disparities in PMH by self-reported sexual attraction among 15‒17-year-olds and gender modality among 12‒17-year-olds.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from youth respondents in the 2019 Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth. We obtained estimates of average life satisfaction and high self-rated mental health, happiness, autonomy, competence, and relatedness for youth with an exclusively heterosexual attraction and youth with a minority sexual attraction (those exclusively attracted to the same gender, and those attracted to both females and males), and for cisgender and gender minority youth. Regression analyses were conducted to test for disparities on each PMH outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with exclusively heterosexual youth, sexual minority youth reported lower life satisfaction and were less likely to report high self-rated mental health, happiness, autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Significant disparities were more consistently found for youth attracted to both females and males than youth exclusively attracted to the same gender. Gender minority (versus cisgender) youth also reported lower average life satisfaction and were less likely to report high self-rated mental health, happiness, autonomy, competence, and relatedness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although this study provides evidence for the presence of disparities in PMH, its strength-based focus on PMH also documents the presence of well-being among many sexual and gender minority youth in Canada.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142332144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equity-oriented food supports: Learnings from the Nova Scotia COVID-19 pandemic response.","authors":"Valerie Blair, Eleanor Eville, Christine Johnson, Heather Monahan","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00929-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-024-00929-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Setting: </strong>Public health measures enacted during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted Nova Scotians experiencing food insecurity. Public Health (PH), Nova Scotia Health, created a provincial Housing Isolation Program (HIP) which addressed barriers to isolation, including food access, for COVID-19 cases and contacts being followed by PH.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>HIP worked with partners to coordinate and respond to urgent food needs of isolating clients by providing grocery and meal delivery options. HIP also made referrals to government and community partners for income and food supports. This program was intended to minimize the spread of COVID-19 by facilitating isolation while meeting basic needs for people with no other means of support.</p><p><strong>Outcomes: </strong>From December 2020 to March 2022, HIP completed grocery and meal deliveries for 579 clients, 1351 referrals to a provincial Income Support Program, and 231 referrals to external food supports. HIP staff worked with clients to manage potential perceptions of stigma. Challenges reported included the urgency of food needs, lack of social supports, and availability and accessibility constraints in rural communities, as well as difficulty accessing culturally appropriate foods and special diets.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>This intervention demonstrates the importance of addressing food insecurity during emergency preparedness, planning, and response. During emergencies, planning and mobilizing food access requires an equity-oriented approach to overcome stigma. Broadly, continued reliance on charitable responses creates significant vulnerability during emergencies and addressing root causes of food insecurity through social policy will provide longer-term protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142156623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stillbirth rates following the change in definition of fetal mortality in Quebec.","authors":"Golden Welsh, Aimina Ayoub, Marianne Bilodeau-Bertrand, Antoine Lewin, Nathalie Auger","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00930-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-024-00930-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In 2019, Quebec changed its stillbirth definition to include fetal deaths at 20 weeks gestation or more. Previously, the criterion was a minimum birth weight of 500 g. We assessed the impact of the new definition on stillbirth rates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective study of stillbirth rates between 2010 and 2021 in Quebec. The exposure consisted of the period during the new definition versus the preceding period. We assessed how the new definition affected stillbirth rates using interrupted time series regression, and compared the period during the new definition with the preceding period using prevalence differences and prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We determined the extent to which fetuses at the limit of viability (under 500 g or 20‒23 weeks) accounted for any increase in rates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Stillbirth rates went from 4.11 before the new definition to 6.76 per 1000 total births immediately after. Overall, the change in definition led to an absolute increase of 2.58 stillbirths per 1000 total births, for a prevalence ratio of 1.76 (95% CI 1.61‒1.92) compared with the preceding period. Fetal deaths due to congenital anomalies increased by 6.82 per 10,000 (95% CI 4.85‒8.78), while deaths due to pregnancy termination increased by 10.47 per 10,000 (95% CI 8.04‒12.89). Once the definition changed, 37% of stillbirths were under 500 g and 42% were between 20 and 23 weeks, with around half of these caused by congenital anomalies and terminations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Stillbirth rates increased after the definition changed in Quebec, mainly due to congenital anomalies and pregnancy terminations.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142300493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: The human health effects of unconventional oil and gas development (UOGD): A scoping review of epidemiologic studies.","authors":"Amira M Aker, Michael Friesen, Lisa A Ronald, Mary M Doyle-Waters, Tim K Takaro, Willow Thickson, Karen Levin, Ulrike Meyer, Elyse Caron-Beaudoin, Margaret J McGregor","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00913-6","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00913-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":"699"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11303347/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141433335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of cannabis use and the frequency, types, and sources of cannabis products used in northern remote territories of the Canadian legal cannabis market.","authors":"Erin Hobin, Naomi Schwartz, Theresa Poon, David Hammond","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00891-9","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00891-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The Cannabis Policy Study in the Territories (CPST) is an annual repeat cross-sectional study aiming to evaluate the impacts of cannabis legalization in the Canadian territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut), where there is a paucity of data on cannabis use. This current study's objective was to describe the 2022 CPST, including methods, population prevalence estimates of cannabis use, and legal cannabis sources and perceptions in the territories.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The 2022 CPST includes 2462 respondents (aged 16 +) residing in the territories who either use or do not use cannabis. Respondents were recruited through mail-push-to-web invitations sent via licensed mailing lists, sampling from a near census of households in the territories. Population-weighted indicators of cannabis use are described.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Past 12-month cannabis use was self-reported by 46.1%, and 21.8% self-reported daily/almost daily use. The most commonly used product types among past 12-month consumers were dried flower (73.4%), edibles (59.0%), and vape oils (35.7%). On average, 74.8% of cannabis products used in the past 12 months were from legal sources, though legal sourcing varied by product type (54.4‒92.2%). Cannabis consumers reported favourable perceptions of legal compared to illegal cannabis products regarding quality, convenience, and safety, but a lesser extent for price.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cannabis use is highly prevalent in the territories, particularly daily/almost daily use, and legal market penetration is high despite region remoteness. Following cannabis legalization, monitoring cannabis use prevalence and patterns in remote regions is important for informing the development of harm reduction and prevention initiatives that consider the unique needs of these regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":"628-638"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11303624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140960676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic, health-related, and primary care physician characteristics associated with adherence to seasonal influenza vaccination in Manitoba, Canada: A population-wide record-linkage cohort study.","authors":"George N Okoli, Christiaan H Righolt, Geng Zhang, Silvia Alessi-Severini, Paul Van Caeseele, I Fan Kuo, Salaheddin M Mahmud","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00893-7","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00893-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>There is a lack of published evidence on factors associated with adherence (maintenance of cumulative vaccination) to seasonal influenza vaccination (SIV) in Manitoba, Canada. We sought to assess the associations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cohort study utilizing Manitoba administrative health databases. Participants received SIV in 2010/11 influenza season, remained registered Manitoba residents and received at least one SIV during the 2011/12‒2019/20 seasons. We dichotomized adherence into \"more adherent\" (6‒9 SIVs) and \"less adherent\" (1‒5 SIVs) and used multivariable adjusted generalized estimating equation logistic regression models to assess association between adherence and socioeconomic, health-related, and primary care physician (PCP) characteristics, stratified by age group (< 5, 5‒17, 18‒44, 45‒64, ≥ 65) and sex. Results are adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 152,493 participants. Males had lower odds of being more adherent except among ≥ 65-year-olds (1.03, 95% CI 1.01‒1.05). Compared with the lowest income quintile, those in higher income quintiles had higher odds of being more adherent. The odds mostly increased with increase in income quintile. Those with more contact with their PCP/hospitalization one year prior had higher odds of being more adherent. The odds increased with increased contact among those 18‒44, 45‒64 and ≥ 65 years old. Those who had PCP with more years of practice had higher odds of being more adherent. The odds increased as years of practice increased. These observations were mostly consistent irrespective of sex.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Female gender, having higher income, having more contact with the health system, and having an experienced PCP may determine increased adherence to SIV in Manitoba. These findings require attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":"585-598"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11382643/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}