Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique最新文献

{"title":"Self-study tool for integrating health equity into Health in All Policies (HiAP) initiatives.","authors":"Carol Ragheb, Ketan Shankardass, Laura Lee Noonan","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01098-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01098-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Setting: </strong>Setting. Health system leaders in Canada recognise that quality improvement alone cannot address health inequities. Intersectoral action, which involves coordination and collaboration across public, private, and third-sector organisations, can improve the distribution of social determinants of health (SDOH) and thereby, health equity. While Health in All Policies (HiAP) promotes this approach, critiques and empirical data highlight implementation gaps over whether health equity is actually being improved. The potential for HiAP initiatives to reduce health inequities can be strengthened by paying greater attention to how these interventions are designed, implemented, and evaluated.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>We developed and pilot tested a self-study tool that helps organisations learn and reflect on how health equity can be targeted in intersectoral initiatives, including HiAP. This is not the only tool that can be used to consider ways to integrate health equity into intersectoral action; however, it is the first one designed for HiAP initiatives specifically.</p><p><strong>Outcomes: </strong>The self-study tool asks the user to reflect on a series of health equity concepts to raise awareness about opportunities to better integrate health equity into the design, implementation, and evaluation of intersectoral initiatives.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>The survey and appendix can fill in the gaps of other tools meant to support intersectoral action for health by focusing on ways to strengthen the health equity potential of initiatives. Users can apply the tool prospectively and retrospectively to explicitly target specific criteria to improve how their interventions focus on and potentially address health equity.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145042188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to: Beyond hunger: The health costs of Canada's charitable food model.","authors":"Geneviève Mercille, Emma Teasdale, Federico Roncarolo, Mylène Riva, Marie-Pierre Sylvestre, Rosanne Blanchet, Louise Potvin","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01103-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01103-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145034641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Did anti-Asian racism decrease after the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada?","authors":"Sibo Chen, Cary Wu","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01096-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01096-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic fueled a surge in anti-Asian sentiment in Canada, which negatively impacted the health and well-being of Asian Canadians. This study examines whether anti-Asian racism has decreased since the end of the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a trend analysis of anti-Asian racism in Canada by synthesizing and analyzing two key sources of data that capture changes in both objective and subjective dimensions of anti-Asian racism before, during, and after the pandemic. First, we used a census of all racially motivated hate crimes known to police services in Canada (2014-2023). Second, we used a series of anti-Asian racism surveys conducted at different time points by various research teams in collaboration with the Angus Reid Institute, including most recently, the Asian Canadians' Experiences Survey conducted by our team in June 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our analysis of police-reported data suggests that the number of hate crimes targeting East or Southeast Asians rose sharply from 67 in 2019 to 263 in 2020-a 293% increase. The number peaked at 312 in 2021, then declined to 213 in 2022 and further to 158 in 2023. These figures suggest a decline in anti-Asian racism following the pandemic; however, the levels have not returned to their pre-pandemic baseline. Our analysis of survey data indicates Asian Canadians continue to encounter more subtle forms of racism, including micro-aggressions, racist media representations, reduced respect in social interactions, and derogatory name-calling. We highlight that such experiences, though not always explicitly violent, foster a hostile environment that can profoundly affect the overall well-being of Asian Canadians.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Anti-Asian racism is multifaceted and persistent. Policymakers and public health practitioners need to also pay attention to the negative health impacts of micro-aggressions and other less overt forms of racial discrimination, including subjective experiences of racism.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145034626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparing for resilience - Si Vis Pacem, Para Bellum.","authors":"Victoria Haldane, Andrew Beckett, Paul Engels, Colleen Forestier, David Gomez, David Klein, David Pedlar, Manveen Puri, David Redpath, Anthony Robb, Adalsteinn Brown","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01106-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01106-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canada has faced numerous public health challenges but remains inadequately prepared for future crises. For example, despite extensive reports and plans following the 2003 SARS-CoV-1 outbreaks, the country was unprepared for COVID-19 and lessons learned from the pandemic emphasized the need for immediate action to enhance preparedness. In the current era of poly-crisis, Canada must be ready for diverse challenges, including potential conflicts and their impacts on public health and health systems. The conflict in Ukraine highlights the need for extensive medical resources for returnees, which could strain public health and health systems alongside other concurrent threats. Exercise Trillium Cura (ETC) in 2024 simulated Ontario's health system response to a prolonged conventional war, revealing both successes and challenges. Key issues included leadership and resource needs, with recommendations for specific actions like creating a repatriation hub and a trauma registry. ETC emphasized a \"whole of society\" approach, engaging civil society in planning and highlighting the importance of integrated preparedness. Tabletop exercises like ETC are crucial for building relationships, shared learning, and innovative solutions. They help prepare for complex crises by fostering collaboration and readiness. Regular exercises are recommended to enhance preparedness and resilience, ensuring effective responses to future health emergencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145034667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal and neonatal health in Canada's Black communities: A scoping review of epidemiologic studies.","authors":"Ebonee Lennord, Elsie Amoako, Maya Rajasingham, Abirami Kirubarajan, Rohan D'Souza, Isabelle Malhamé, Susie Dzakpasu, Modupe Tunde-Byass, Cynthia Maxwell, Giulia M Muraca","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01102-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01102-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Black-White disparities in maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality highlight health inequities in several settings, yet such racial disparities in Canada are not well defined. Our objective was to conduct a scoping review to identify the extent of epidemiologic evidence assessing Black-White disparities in maternal and neonatal health in Canada.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included peer-reviewed epidemiologic studies which measured maternal or neonatal outcomes in Black versus White individuals in Canada. We searched OVID platforms (MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare) from inception to May 9, 2024, using keywords and controlled vocabulary terms related to race and maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Results synthesis was carried out using descriptive analysis.</p><p><strong>Synthesis: </strong>After exclusions, six retrospective cohort studies were included in the scoping review. The majority of the included studies used data obtained from provincial datasets (n = 5), defined maternal race using self-reported race (n = 5), and were set in Ontario (n = 4). All studies reported one or more significant associations between race and adverse maternal or neonatal outcomes, with Black individuals experiencing higher rates of spontaneous fetal loss (n = 1), perinatal mortality (n = 1), preterm birth (n = 3), small for gestational age infants (n = 1), low Apgar scores (n = 2), congenital heart disease (n = 1), neonatal intensive care unit admission (n = 1), preeclampsia (n = 2), gestational diabetes (n = 1), and inadequate gestational weight gain (n = 1).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although literature on the topic is sparse, Black-White disparities in maternal and neonatal health in Canada are apparent. National, population-based data are needed to provide a comprehensive understanding of racial disparities in maternal and neonatal health and the factors driving these differences.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144993543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increase in alcohol outlets by neighbourhood socioeconomic status following the expansion of alcohol sales into convenience stores in Ontario, Canada.","authors":"Naomi Schwartz, Sze Hang Fu, Erin Hobin, Daniel T Myran, Brendan T Smith","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01094-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01094-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In September 2024, the province of Ontario expanded alcohol sales into convenience stores. It is important to examine differences in alcohol sales expansion by socioeconomic status (SES) as lower SES groups experience a disproportionately higher burden of alcohol-attributable harms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This repeated cross-sectional study examined whether neighbourhood SES was associated with increases in alcohol outlets immediately following the expansion of alcohol sales. A spatial BYM2 Poisson regression model was used to estimate the association between neighbourhood SES and the number of alcohol outlets.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Immediately following expansion, 4200 alcohol outlets were licensed in Ontario. The median increase in alcohol outlets within 1500 m of a neighbourhood was greater in the lowest SES neighbourhoods (400% increase) compared to the highest (183%). In adjusted models, the lowest SES quintile was associated with a greater increase in outlets (relative risk = 2.26, 95% credible interval:1.98-2.58) compared to the highest quintile, with a dose-response relationship by SES quintile.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>A large increase in alcohol outlets was seen across Ontario neighbourhoods. Lower SES neighbourhoods experienced a greater increase in outlets, which may disproportionately increase harms related to the expansion of alcohol sales. These findings highlight the need for strategies to mitigate potential harm in low SES groups and the widening of existing inequities.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144993487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A scoping review of Indigenous community-based research practices, guidelines, and ethical standards.","authors":"Elaine Toombs, Brittany Skov, Megan Campbell, Jessie Lund, Christopher J Mushquash","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01090-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01090-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>There has been increased efforts to identify wise practices among research efforts completed in partnership with Indigenous communities. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) has been a leading guideline for this work in recent years, as such frameworks emphasize collaboration, partnership, and community-guided efforts; however, no work to date has examined how various CBPR standards, ethical guidelines, and practices may vary by community or regional context.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize Indigenous-specific research practices among relevant frameworks, to identify more common collective values and practices, and other, potentially more unique or distinctive aspects of frameworks within Canadian, Australian, New Zealand, and United States (CANZUS) nation-based Indigenous communities. A scoping review of six databases to retrieve relevant literature describing community-based research principles, guidelines, and ethical standards specifically related to an Indigenous population or community.</p><p><strong>Synthesis: </strong>We retrieved 46 sources proposing an Indigenous-based principle, guideline, and/or ethical standard. When these studies were descriptively analyzed, we derived eight common themes across these frameworks: Benefit to Community, Respect, Reciprocal Relationships, Recognize Diversity, Embed Indigenous Culture, Autonomous and Active Participation, Consultation, and Authenticity. Specific research practices that align within framework values across a research process were also identified across ten themes, and 38 sub-themes. Practices included Learn About Culture, Region, Community, or Nation, Establish and Maintain Meaningful Relationships, Community Engagement or Consultation, Project Design, Develop a Research Agreement, Data Agreement, and/or Protocols, Project Management, Methods, Data Analysis and Interpretation, Knowledge Translation and Exchange, and Post-Research Relationships.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Several common values and practices underscore many Indigenous community-based research guidelines, principles, and ethical standards. This review may be used to increase knowledge on Indigenous approaches to research across disciplines, facilitate the evaluation of research conducted with Indigenous communities, and assist communities in developing independent practices, principles, and ethical guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144978000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural and contextual relevance of the Indigenous data in the Canadian longitudinal study on aging.","authors":"Grace M Spiro, Megan E O'Connell, Chaneesa Ryan, Laura Warren, Jennifer D Walker","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01087-5","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-025-01087-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The CLSA is a national data platform for aging research that used epidemiology-based sampling methods and explicitly excluded people living on First Nations Reserves and other provincial First Nations settlements as possible CLSA participants. As such, the CLSA research approach did not use Indigenous community engagement. Nevertheless, the CLSA sample includes a sizeable subsample of participants who self-identified as First Nations, Métis, or Inuit. This project seeks to describe the self-identified Indigenous subsample of the CLSA from the baseline data collection and interpret that description with the aid of an Elder Advisory Circle.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a descriptive analysis of the self-identified Indigenous subsample of the CLSA from the baseline data collection. The analysis was presented to an Elder Advisory Circle for consultation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The lack of community-engaged approaches to Indigenous research and sampling approaches appears to have resulted in a sociodemographic profile of older Indigenous Peoples that does not match the lived experience of the Elder Advisory Circle and contrasts with other data available on Indigenous Peoples in Canada. We feel the existing CLSA data does not reflect the sociodemographic profile of older Indigenous Peoples.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We use this community consultation process to provide recommendations for the appropriate use of the Indigenous-identified data in the CLSA, and we conclude by recommending great caution when using the data from the Indigenous subsample in the CLSA data.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144884286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in the dispensing of opioids for pain and concurrent benzodiazepine use among First Nations People in Ontario, Canada, from 2013 to 2021.","authors":"Alice Holton, Tianru Wang, Bisola Hamzat, Sacha Bragg, Bernadette deGonzague, Graham Mecredy, Tonya Campbell, Tony Antoniou, Lorrilee McGregor, Jonathan Bertram, Tara Gomes","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01097-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01097-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate dispensing trends and the characteristics of First Nations People in Ontario dispensed an opioid for pain and concurrent benzodiazepine treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a population-based serial cross-sectional study by quarter of registered (Status) First Nations People in Ontario who were dispensed an opioid for pain between April 1, 2013, and December 31, 2021. We reported quarterly trends in prevalent and incident opioid dispensing (rates per 1000 people), and the prevalence of concurrent benzodiazepine use among individuals receiving opioids for pain. For the final year (2021), we stratified rates by age, place of residence (within or outside First Nations communities), and sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 2013 and 2021, the quarterly rate of opioid dispensing for pain decreased by 25.0% among First Nations People in Ontario, from 74.7 to 56.0 per 1000 people. In stratified analyses for the year 2021, opioid use for pain was more frequent among First Nations People living outside versus within First Nations communities (118.2 vs. 91.2 per 1000, respectively) and among females relative to males (124.6 and 93.9 per 1000, respectively). Concurrent prescription benzodiazepine use among First Nations People receiving a prescription opioid for pain decreased from 20.9% in Q2 2013 to 16.7% in Q4 2021. In stratified analyses, concurrent use was more prevalent among females, adults aged ≥ 65 years, and First Nations People living outside First Nations communities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Opioid analgesic prescribing patterns for First Nations People living in Ontario indicate a decrease in both overall prescribing rates and concurrent benzodiazepine use.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144876776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on opioid toxicity mortality rates in Nova Scotia: An interrupted time series analysis (2009-2023).","authors":"Cindy Feng, Mark Asbridge, Amy Grant, Lihui Liu, Guanjie Lyu, Fahima Hassan","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01092-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01092-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine trends in opioid toxicity mortality in Nova Scotia and its health zones from 2009 to 2023, focusing on differences between pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical opioid-related deaths.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a population-based study using data on annual opioid toxicity mortality rates from 2009 to 2023, stratified by health zone and opioid type. An interrupted time series (ITS) analysis was applied to assess changes in mortality trends across three pandemic-related periods. Comparisons were made between pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical opioid mortality to assess evolving patterns of opioid-related harm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Opioid toxicity mortality in Nova Scotia declined during the peri-pandemic period (2019-2021) but increased significantly post-pandemic, particularly in non-pharmaceutical opioid-related deaths, which steadily rose after 2021. Pharmaceutical opioid-related deaths remained higher than non-pharmaceutical deaths. Health zone analysis revealed geographic variation: the Central Zone experienced stable pharmaceutical mortality with rising non-pharmaceutical deaths post-pandemic; the Eastern Zone saw higher pharmaceutical mortality pre-pandemic, which declined during the peri-pandemic period, while non-pharmaceutical deaths remained low; the Northern Zone had stable pharmaceutical mortality but rising non-pharmaceutical deaths post-pandemic; and the Western Zone exhibited consistently lower mortality rates across both opioid types.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study reveals significant shifts in opioid-related mortality trends in Nova Scotia, with a rise in non-pharmaceutical opioid deaths post-pandemic, while pharmaceutical opioids remain a major contributor. Geographic variations across health zones highlight the need for region-specific public health strategies. Ongoing efforts to reduce both pharmaceutical and illicit opioid misuse through harm reduction and improved prescribing practices are crucial.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144790698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}