Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique最新文献

{"title":"Strengthening global science: The role of the International Network for Epidemiology in Policy (INEP) in bridging science and policy.","authors":"Laura N Anderson, Laura Duncan, Jennifer I Payne, Jacqueline H Stephens, Catherine Troisi, Robin Taylor Wilson","doi":"10.17269/s41997-026-01249-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-026-01249-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gaps between epidemiological evidence and public policy remain a persistent challenge in public health. Despite increasing data availability, and public awareness, evidence often fails to translate into timely or equitable policy action. In this Commentary, we argue that epidemiologists must come together to support the integrity of evidence-informed public health policy making. As an example, we describe the International Network for Epidemiology in Policy (INEP). INEP was established in 2006 to address these gaps by promoting the more ethical and effective use of epidemiological evidence in policy making. Comprising 25 member organizations, including the Canadian Society for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, INEP provides an international forum to support the bridge between science and policy. Highlighted is the Toolkit on the Misuse of Epidemiological Methods which provides a framework for recognizing and countering misinformation used to cast doubt and confuse the public and policy makers. Also highlighted is the statement on Including Children's Voices in Policy as an example of INEP's advocacy for equitable, evidence-informed, decision-making. Finally, we call for expanded engagement of Canadian epidemiologists and biostatisticians in global networks like INEP, which are essential for bridging science and policy, strengthening public trust, and ensuring epidemiologic evidence informs public health action.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148881684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Describing trends of sexually transmitted blood borne co-infections in Nova Scotia from 2019 to 2023.","authors":"Haylie Simmons, Maria N Wilson, Alysia Robinson","doi":"10.17269/s41997-026-01244-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-026-01244-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>(1) To describe sexually transmitted and blood-borne (STBB) co-infection events in Nova Scotia from 2019 to 2023. (2) To compare the demographics and risk factors of individuals presenting with a single STBB Infection (STBBI) vs an STBB co-infection event over the same period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a population-based descriptive study of residents in Nova Scotia diagnosed with an STBBI between January 2019 and December 2023. Data were pulled from Panorama, Nova Scotia Public Health's information management system. Nova Scotia Surveillance Guidelines were used to define confirmed cases of each included STBBI (human immunodeficiency (HIV), hepatitis B (HBV), and hepatitis C (HCV) viruses, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis). We defined a co-infection event as infection by at least two separate STBBI pathogens within a 90-day period. We summarized demographic characteristics of individuals who experienced co-infection events and used the chi-square goodness-of-fit test to determine whether there was a significant difference in risk factor distribution compared to those who had a single STBBI (non-co-infection events).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 320 STBB co-infection events from 2019 to 2023, with the reported rate of 6.7 co-infections per 100,000 population in 2019 and 10.7 co-infections per 100,000 population in 2023. A chlamydia-gonorrhea co-infection event was the most prevalent STBB co-infection in Nova Scotia, representing 72% of all events over the study period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Creating awareness of prevalent STBB co-infection events, trends, and those most susceptible to STBB co-infections within Nova Scotia is important to inform public health strategies and awareness programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148882667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Collaboratively building teaching resources for EDI in epidemiology and biostatistics.","authors":"Japteg Singh, Todd Coleman, Agatha Nyambi, Tyler Pittman, Amanda Doggett, Fernanda Andre, Josée Dupuis, Daniel Fuller","doi":"10.17269/s41997-026-01251-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-026-01251-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148882680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can we eliminate cervical cancer in Canada? In conversation with leading experts in public health and cancer prevention.","authors":"Mika Rathwell, Aine Dolin, Thilina Bandara, Michelle Halligan, Cory Neudorf","doi":"10.17269/s41997-026-01247-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-026-01247-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148882738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intentional injuries in newcomers to Alberta, 2016-2023.","authors":"Chitvi Mahajan, Natasha Saunders, Claire Benny","doi":"10.17269/s41997-026-01246-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-026-01246-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Violence and intentional self-harm are major contributors to morbidity and mortality in Canada. Newcomers may face unique vulnerabilities shaped by pre-migration trauma, settlement stressors, and structural barriers, yet population-based evidence on intentional injuries among immigrants in Alberta remains limited. The objective of the current study was to identify associations between immigrant status, and immigrant admission type, and intentional injuries experienced by Albertans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a longitudinal retrospective cohort study of Albertans using the 2016 data from census records linked to emergency department (ED) data from 2016 to 2023. Outcomes were ED visits for intentional injuries, defined using International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision, Canada (ICD-10-CA) codes for assault and self-harm. The primary exposure was immigrant status (recent immigrant vs. non-immigrant), and the secondary exposure was immigration by admission category (compared to long-term immigrants). Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between immigrant status, immigration admission type, and intentional injury outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our baseline sample was representative of over 300,000 immigrants and 2.4 million non-immigrants living in Alberta in 2016. Injury rates were highest among non-immigrant (237.57 per 100,000 person-months) populations (vs. 168.73 per 100,000 person-months). Immigrant status was associated with a lower hazard of intentional injury compared with non-immigrants (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.60-0.84). Among immigrants, refugees experienced a higher hazard of intentional injury (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.04-2.06) and, specifically, assault (HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.20-2.59) compared with economic immigrants, while no significant differences were observed for self-harm.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While immigrant status appears protective overall, refugees face elevated risks of assault-related injuries. These findings underscore the need for targeted, trauma-informed and culturally safe violence prevention strategies for refugee populations and other high-risk newcomer groups in Alberta.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148867689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Closing the research-to-practice gap: Using a plan-do-study-act approach to test innovative interventions to increase HPV immunization uptake in Canada.","authors":"Navdeep Sandhu, Mika Rathwell, Aine Dolin, Thilina Bandara, Mulugeta Wondim, Cory Neudorf","doi":"10.17269/s41997-026-01248-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-026-01248-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2020, the Canadian Partnership Against Cancer commissioned the Urban Public Health Network to lead a multi-phased project to identify the inequalities and barriers to HPV vaccination for school-aged children across Canada. In Phase One, the UPHN team collaborated with public health and community partners across Canada to identify barriers to vaccination at a sub-jurisdictional and sub-populational level using a multiple methods approach. In Phase Two, UPHN is working with existing and new partners to achieve system-level outcomes through developing and testing innovative education and program delivery strategies to increase HPV immunization in school-based programs, using findings from Phase One. A Plan, Do, Study, Act (PDSA) framework, a core component of the Quality Improvement (QI) Model for Improvement, to implement quality improvement programs has been foundational in the development of and approach to these projects. In this commentary, we suggest that a PDSA framework offers an effective stepwise strategy to promote continuous learning, evaluation, and refinement of innovative practices, particularly in complex systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148867686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Canada learn from the European Health Data Space?","authors":"Joseph Donia, Kimberlyn McGrail, Luca Marelli","doi":"10.17269/s41997-026-01245-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-026-01245-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Federal, provincial, and territorial governments in Canada are increasingly committed to promoting health data access and use. The European Union has advanced a bold vision for health data integration with the European Health Data Space (EHDS) Regulation, which entered into force in March 2025. As the first data space to take shape as part of the broader European Strategy for Data, the EHDS establishes a robust regulatory regime for both primary use (clinical care, including electronic health record certification) and secondary use (research, policymaking, and innovation). In this commentary, we outline what Canada can learn from the EHDS policy experience to ensure that debates about health data access and use in Canada remain connected to broader discussions about community rights, accountability, public value, and the practical challenges of integrating data across jurisdictions. In particular, we suggest a more explicit focus on the politics of health data access and use; a value-oriented approach; and situating individual rights in relation to community-oriented governance.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148834596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eliminating cervical cancer in Canada is within reach.","authors":"Riley Urquhart-Ducharme, Erica Dias, Robyn Leonard, Naiomi Lu, Caitlyn Timmings, Kendall Tisdale, Cynthia Neilson, Corinne Daly, Talia Pfefferle, Shari Dworkin, Michelle Halligan","doi":"10.17269/s41997-026-01240-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-026-01240-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cervical cancer is highly preventable and treatable but continues to affect thousands in Canada each year. Inspired by the World Health Organization's global elimination goal, Canada has committed to eliminating cervical cancer by 2040. The Action Plan for the Elimination of Cervical Cancer in Canada, 2020-2030 outlines key strategies to increase human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, implement HPV primary screening, and improve follow-up care. It also prioritizes equity by embedding First Nations-, Inuit-, and Métis-specific actions and addressing systemic barriers faced by equity-denied populations. Provinces and territories have made progress, but more needs to be done to improve vaccination and screening rates. Recent advances, such as reduced HPV dosing schedules and HPV self-screening, offer promising opportunities to accelerate progress. Achieving elimination will require coordinated action to improve access, foster culturally safe care, and enhance data collection to identify and address inequities. This commentary highlights the need for intensified efforts and shared accountability to ensure all people in Canada benefit from cervical cancer prevention and care. With bold and inclusive action, Canada can become one of the first countries in the world to eliminate cervical cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148762595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indigenous epidemiology in Canada: Epistemic struggle towards evidence, authority, and governance.","authors":"Jennifer Leason","doi":"10.17269/s41997-026-01239-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-026-01239-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Indigenous epidemiology has emerged as a critical intervention to address health inequities and the exclusion of Indigenous Peoples from population health research. While advances in Indigenous data sovereignty and community-led surveillance have strengthened ethical accountability, less attention has been given to the epistemic conditions that shape how Indigenous knowledge systems are evaluated, constrained, and authorized within epidemiological research. This article examines how routine methodological, governance, and interpretive practices constrain Indigenous epistemologies in public health research and introduces the Theory of Epistemic Containment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The analysis draws on a longitudinal, reflexive, meta-methodological study of institutional texts produced over 15 years (2011-2026), including peer-review reports, grant-adjudication feedback, research ethics correspondence, editorial decisions, and committee and governance deliberations. The study treats methodological negotiations as empirical evidence of how scientific authority is produced and contested.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings reveal recurring patterns of epistemic containment, including differential standards of methodological scrutiny, the relegation of Indigenous governance to ethical or contextual domains, the separation of Indigenous governance from epistemic authority, and asymmetrical authorization of causal claims and policy relevance. Quantitative epidemiological methods are routinely treated as neutral and self-authorizing, whereas Indigenous methodologies and governance systems are subjected to heightened justification, limitation, and restraint.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This article advances the Theory of Epistemic Containment as a framework for understanding epistemic racism in Indigenous epidemiology. It argues that transforming population health research requires moving beyond methodological inclusion towards methodological accountability, recognizing Indigenous governance as an epistemically authoritative foundation for knowledge production, public health decision-making, and Indigenous self-determination.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148714434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a Canadian heat illness-related emergency department visit surveillance system.","authors":"Christopher Wituik, Ellen Demlow, Eric Grafstein, Siu-Kae Yeong, Geoff Ramler, Martin StJean, Heather Lindsay, Michael Schwandt, Adrienne MacDonald","doi":"10.17269/s41997-026-01216-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-026-01216-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In the summer of 2021, the Canadian province of British Columbia (B.C.) experienced an unprecedented extreme heat event, which resulted in 619 heat-related deaths across the province (Henderson et al., 2022). This evaluation aims to assess the sensitivity and specificity of a surveillance algorithm to identify heat illness-related emergency department (ED) visits during this period, as well as to explore the impact of adjusting the case definition to enhance algorithm performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A chart review of ED visits across a regional health authority in B.C. during the 2021 period of extreme heat was conducted. This was considered the most accurate information to which the algorithm was compared. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for the original algorithm, as well as for an expanded algorithm including heat-related illnesses and the following additional diagnoses: syncope, altered level of consciousness, acute kidney injury, acute renal failure, and general weakness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The original algorithm focusing on explicitly recorded heat illnesses has a sensitivity of 59% and a specificity of 100%. The expanded algorithm produced a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 96%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Surveillance sensitivity for heat-related illness may be substantially impacted by the inclusion of diagnoses not explicitly naming effects of heat. Other jurisdictions could consider expanding heat-related illness definitions to include additional heat-associated diagnoses to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of heat on health to support monitoring and action.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148671288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}