Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique最新文献

{"title":"The double burden of food and housing insecurity in Saskatchewan, Canada, understood in the context of a pandemic.","authors":"Suvadra Datta Gupta, Syed Jafar Raza Rizvi, James Dixon, Nazeem Muhajarine","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01014-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01014-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Using data from a population-based cross-sectional survey, we aim to measure the prevalence, risk factors, and impact of COVID-19 on household food insecurity, housing insecurity, and the double burden of experiencing both.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected from July to November 2022. We used simple and multivariable logistic regression models to investigate the factors contributing to food insecurity, housing insecurity, and the double burden. Additionally, we computed the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) to determine whether any significant interactions contributed to the increased risk of experiencing the double burden.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Around 27% of our study participants were food insecure, 54% were housing insecure, and 22% were food and housing insecure (double burden). Respondents' gender, age, ethnicity, education, and income were associated with experiencing the double burden of food and housing insecurity. Additionally, this study found a significant statistical interaction between residence location and employment status, with both employed and unemployed individuals in urban areas facing higher odds of experiencing the double burden of food and housing insecurity compared to retired individuals in either urban or rural areas; the relative excess risk due to interaction analysis suggests that increasing employment opportunities may have a more substantial impact on reducing this burden in urban areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings from this study provide important insights into addressing the issue of food and housing insecurity, especially through improving employment opportunities for vulnerable populations in Canada. Comprehensive systems-oriented intersectoral policies are much needed to improve households' experience of multiple need insecurities.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143755762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reimagining Indigenous healthcare through a readiness to practice lens: A quantitative content analysis of the empirical literature.","authors":"Tyara Marchand, Adam Murry, Devin Proulx, K Alix Hayden, Lynden Crowshoe","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00989-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-024-00989-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The concept of \"readiness to practice\" has not been clearly delineated within an Indigenous health context. This systematic review occurred on a multi-database survey of published primary literature. The primary objective of this review was to determine what it takes for clinicians to be ready to practice with Indigenous populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review identified articles published in the last 20 years within Canada, the United States, New Zealand, and Australia. The databases that were searched included CINAHL, Medline (via Ovid), Embase (via Ovid), Scopus, and Web of Science, with an additional hand search of references from relevant articles. This search took place from January to May 2022, with subsequent analysis from May to September 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Primary studies were coded using quantitative content analysis procedures and quantified codes were subjected to exploratory factor analyses. Four factors described a competent clinician across studies, including a relational disposition, decolonized practice, cultural immersion, and Indigenous professional support.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This sphere of literature is relatively novel and there do not appear to be many individuals directly commenting on attributes needed to be prepared to work with Indigenous communities. There exist potential gaps in knowledge that could be addressed by conversations with Indigenous stakeholders and implementation of health education programs that focus on developing Indigenous-specific competencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143755754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removing barriers to care: The importance of addressing nonfatal overdoses among women living with HIV in British Columbia, Canada.","authors":"Megan E Marziali, Katherine W Kooij, Silvia S Martins, Morgan M Philbin, Julio S G Montaner, Robert S Hogg","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01026-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01026-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The overdose and drug toxicity crisis continues to devastate communities across Canada. British Columbia has an overdose mortality rate nearly double the Canadian national average, emphasizing a dire need for proactive public health approaches. Within the general population, men experience higher overdose mortality rates in comparison to women; however, among people with HIV, the disparity is inverted such that women with HIV experience higher overdose mortality rates than men with HIV. Less is known concerning the epidemiology of nonfatal overdoses among people with HIV, and understanding gender disparities in nonfatal overdoses would allow public health practitioners and policymakers to focus evidence-informed interventions and clinical guidelines for people most in need. In this commentary, we propose that systemic and structural barriers function to hinder access to crucial services for women with HIV, thus placing them at a disproportionately high risk for nonfatal overdose. We argue that additional research is needed to understand how to completely address these barriers in order to create programmatic changes. Fatal overdoses are a failure of the healthcare system; intervening after the occurrence of a nonfatal overdose is crucial in order to prevent a subsequent fatal overdose.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143755758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harm reduction, treatment, and prevention-essential pillars to Canada's response to the drug poisoning crisis.","authors":"Patricia Daly, Eileen de Villa, Mylène Drouin, Mark Lysyshyn, Jason Tockman","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01029-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01029-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canada's toxic drug crisis continues to worsen in the country's urban centres, with the unregulated drug supply becoming more deadly and causing life-altering harms. The increasingly toxic mix of substances in the unregulated supply is the primary driver of drug poisoning deaths. We anticipate that the current toxicity of the supply will persist, and may worsen, until people are able to access alternatives to the poisoned supply. As the leaders responsible for public health in the country's largest urban centres, we understand that harm reduction and addiction treatment services are complementary medically necessary health services that enable people who use substances to survive and work toward their health and wellness goals. Harm reduction and treatment, along with prevention, are pillars of a serious response to the drug toxicity crisis. Neither should be prioritized to the exclusion of the other. In this commentary, we highlight the critical harm reduction measures that are being implemented to save lives and reduce the risks of substance use, and we point to some of the ways that these programs could be expanded to improve the health and well-being of people who use drugs and the capacity of the public health system to respond to the crisis.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143755749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Doctor of Public Health (DrPH) program at the University of Toronto: Early observations from Canada's first professional public health doctorate.","authors":"Theodore J Witek, Erica Di Ruggiero, Dionne Gesink","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01003-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01003-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Setting: </strong>The Dalla Lana School of Public Health (DLSPH) at the University of Toronto.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>The DLSPH entered its inaugural cohort of Doctor of Public Health (DrPH) students in 2021. Development and launch of the program stemmed from the school's strategic plan to offer advanced public health training and was the first such university offering the DrPH in Canada. This paper reflects on the overarching launch experience of the program and its innovation in practice.</p><p><strong>Outcomes: </strong>Early interest in the program is strong and the entry requirement for at least 5 years of real-world experience drives the program's distinction in Canada. The inaugural cohort was instrumental in constructive criticism and harvestable suggestions via evaluations, reflections, and appreciative inquiry-a likely result of the lived professional experiences of students who enrolled in this program. A key feature is the hybrid nature of the program consisting of a series of in-person on-campus forums (\"burst weeks\") over the first half of the degree requirements. In addition to allowing in-person components of the core course, agenda components continually evolve to meet students' stated needs and competencies.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>The deliberate focus on the foundational competencies of leadership was fostered through classes on leadership of self as well as leadership and governance of organizations. Special lectures are curated to ensure that new and emerging concepts challenging society and today's public health leaders are addressed in an ongoing leadership series. The focus is not on developing new leaders but on catalyzing the leaders who constitute this professional cohort to higher levels of responsibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing health equity within the Canadian health system.","authors":"Abimbola K Saka, Mohamed Bella Jalloh, Ijeoma Ozurigbo, Notisha Massaquoi","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01010-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01010-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canada's universal healthcare system aspires to provide equitable care for all citizens, yet persistent health disparities among Indigenous, Black, and other racialized communities reveal significant gaps in service and outcomes. This commentary explores how race-based data collection could address these inequities by identifying at-risk populations, informing targeted interventions, and improving accountability within healthcare systems. The discussion includes an overview of existing challenges, such as mistrust stemming from historical research abuses, varied provincial approaches, and ethical complexities related to privacy and data sovereignty. Examples from within Canada highlight the effectiveness of standardized data collection policies, while international lessons-particularly from the United Kingdom's incentivized data reporting and the United States' mandated approaches-underscore the importance of consistent data-gathering and careful monitoring. The commentary emphasizes that community engagement and leadership are essential to the development of culturally safe practices, and that legal and ethical frameworks must safeguard data from commodification or other forms of misuse. By integrating race-based data collection into policy reforms, embracing Indigenous data governance principles, providing mandatory training for health providers, and establishing robust monitoring systems, Canada can advance meaningful strategies to reduce health disparities. This approach promotes a more equitable healthcare environment, ensuring the principle of universal coverage benefits all communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143712062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Perinatal mental illness in Ontario (2007-2021): A population-based repeated cross-sectional surveillance study.","authors":"Simone N Vigod, Amreen Babujee, Anjie Huang, Kinwah Fung, Kelsey Vercammen, Jennifer Lye, Susie Dzakpasu, Wei Luo","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01030-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01030-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143702285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of Black youth.","authors":"Khadija Brouillette, Olivia Aiello, Onaopeoluwapo Egbedeyi, Olga Loggale, Andre M N Renzaho, Aloysius Maduforo, Oluwabukola Salami","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01017-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01017-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic had a disproportionate impact on members of Canada's Black community. Morbidity and mortality rates were higher among Blacks, and the mental health of Black youth was particularly affected by health policy measures undertaken during the pandemic, such as social distancing and isolation. Despite this understanding, a lack of awareness remains regarding how containment measures from COVID-19, such as school closures, physical distancing, and lockdowns, impacted the mental health of Black youth in Canada.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We employed a qualitative description approach informed by Youth Participatory Action Research and guided by intersectionality theory as our methodological framework. Semi-structured interviews were used as the primary data generation method, enabling Black youths from across Canada to share their experiences of how the COVID-19 pandemic uniquely impacted their mental health. Thematic analysis was applied to analyze the data and identify key patterns and themes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We recruited 48 Black youth, aged 16 to 30 years. Analysis revealed heightened stress, depression, and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. These mental health challenges were linked to prolonged isolation, academic disruptions, financial insecurity, precarious employment, and fears of police brutality, all of which were exacerbated by the pandemic's disproportionate impact on Black communities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the mental health of Black youth in Canada. The results of this study highlight the urgent need for increased attention and investment in mental health initiatives specifically targeting Black youth across the country.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143675059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial disparities in HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) awareness and uptake among white, Black, and Indigenous men in Canada: Analysis of data from the I'm Ready national HIV self-testing study.","authors":"Wale Ajiboye, Wangari Tharao, Maureen Owino, Lena Soje, Jason M Lo Hog Tian, Amy Ly, Margaret Kisikaw Piyesis, Albert McLeod, Mathew Fleury, Kristin McBain, Notisha Massaquoi, Tegan Mosugu, Jaris Swidrovich, Darrell H S Tan, LaRon Nelson, Sean B Rourke","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01009-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01009-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Black and Indigenous men in Canada continue to experience significant and disproportionate burden of new HIV infection. The purpose of this study was to understand racial differences in PrEP awareness and use, and PrEP cascade among white, Black, and Indigenous men in Canada with the intention to provide evidence for immediate action in our publicly funded health care system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a secondary analysis (n = 4294) of cross-sectional data from the I'm Ready national HIV self-testing research program launched in June 2021 and running through December 2023. Binary logistic regression was used to assess racial differences in PrEP awareness and uptake. A proposed PrEP cascade was developed using the data on awareness, uptake, and retention in PrEP care.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Black participants (OR = 0.34, CI 0.29, 0.39), who are gbMSM (OR = 0.27, CI 0.21, 0.35), aged 18-45 (OR = 0.35, CI 0.30, 0.40), living in urban (OR = 0.41, CI 0.33, 0.51) or rural areas (OR = 0.33, CI 0.26, 0.44), and who are PrEP-eligible (OR = 0.34, CI 0.28, 0.40), were less likely to be aware of PrEP than white participants. Indigenous participants (OR = 0.57, CI 0.44, 0.75), aged 18-45 (OR = 0.57, CI 0.43, 0.75), living in rural communities (OR = 0.15, CI 0.25, 0.57), and who are PrEP-eligible (OR = 0.62, CI 0.46, 0.83), were less likely to be aware of PrEP than white participants. For PrEP uptake, Black participants (OR = 0.61, CI 0.46, 0.82), aged 18-45 (OR = 0.59, CI 0.44, 0.80), living in rural communities (OR = 0.44, CI 0.23, 0.84), and PrEP-eligible (OR = 0.62, CI 0.46, 0.85), were less likely to be on PrEP than white participants. Also, Indigenous men living in urban areas were more likely to be on PrEP than white participants (OR = 1.65, CI 1.01, 2.69).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Community-based and public health interventions are immediately needed to increase PrEP awareness, access, and uptake for Black and Indigenous communities in Canada.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143665348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the rollout of the Triple P system parenting program in Manitoba on rates of child maltreatment: Administrative data analyses and document review of policies and programs.","authors":"Divya Joshi, Marni Brownell, Elizabeth Decaire, Rob Santos, Isuru Dharmasena, Heather Prior, Okechukwu Ekuma, Charlene Attard, Tracie O Afifi, Andrea Gonzalez","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01005-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01005-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Triple P is a multilevel parenting program aimed at promoting children's emotional, social, and behavioural competence and preventing behavioural problems through supporting parents in positive parenting.</p><p><strong>Research question: </strong>Examine the rollout of the Triple P system parenting program on child maltreatment rates in Manitoba, Canada, using administrative data analysis and document review of policies and programs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This population-based retrospective cohort study included 962,170 children aged 18 years or younger. Administrative healthcare and social services data from the Manitoba Population Research Data Repository were used to compare child maltreatment indicators before (1989-2004) and after (2005-2018) Triple P implementation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to before Triple P implementation, injury hospitalization rates were lower in the early (2005-2011) and later (2012-2018) periods of implementation. Maltreatment hospitalization and violent death rates were not statistically different in the early period, but they were lower in the later period of Triple P implementation. The interrupted time-series analysis showed that after Triple P intervention in 2005, injury hospitalization rates increased until 2012, followed by a gradual decline through 2018, compared to the expected trend without the intervention. Maltreatment hospitalization trends displayed a decline until 2012, followed by an increase, and then a gradual decline from 2014 to 2018 relative to the anticipated trend without the intervention. These trends varied by age, sex, income quintiles, and region.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Triple P is one of several programs that may have contributed to reductions in child maltreatment rates observed in Manitoba since the implementation of the program.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143665347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}