Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique最新文献

{"title":"Correction: Unmasking population undercounts, health inequities, and health service access barriers across Indigenous populations in urban Ontario.","authors":"Marcie Snyder, Stephanie McConkey, Raman Brar, Judy Anilniliak, Cheryllee Bourgeois, Brian Dokis, Michael Hardy, Serena Joseph, Amanda Kilabuk, Jo-Ann Mattina, Constance McKnight, Janet Smylie","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01040-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01040-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal effects of neighbourhoods' material and social deprivation on psychological distress of adults in Canada.","authors":"Vandad Sharifi, Gina Dimitropoulos, Anees Bahji, Jeanne V A Williams, Pardis Pedram, Andrew G M Bulloch, Scott B Patten","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01042-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01042-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This nationwide longitudinal study investigates the impact of neighbourhood deprivation on psychological well-being of Canadian adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Utilizing data from the Longitudinal and International Study of Adults (LISA) spanning 2016, 2018, and 2020, we included individuals aged 15 and above across Canada. The 2016 and 2020 samples comprised approximately 17,700 and 12,700 respondents, respectively. LISA data were paired to Neighbourhood Material and Social Deprivation data derived from Canada's 2016 Census. Psychological distress was assessed using the Kessler Scale (K-10), both dimensionally (score) and categorically (above the cut-point prevalence). Multi-level mixed-effects regressions were conducted, adjusting for individual-level variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, participants' mean age was 47.7 years (50.6% female), and higher social and material deprivation were associated with greater psychological distress. Longitudinally, psychological distress showed distinct temporal patterns based on the type of deprivation. Adjusted models revealed that residing in the most socially deprived neighbourhoods was linked to a greater increase in psychological distress scores over time as compared with the least socially deprived areas. Conversely, the highest degree of material deprivation showed a negative association with increasing distress, contrasting with the lowest material deprivation. A similar trend emerged regarding the prevalence of high psychological distress: in the most socially deprived neighbourhoods, there was an elevated prevalence over time, whereas the highest material deprivation was negatively associated with increasing prevalence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study supports the link between mental health and neighbourhood social deprivation, but differs from previous research regarding material deprivation. While material support remains crucial for disadvantaged communities, public health interventions should also address social deprivation.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144163691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Income inequality and life expectancy in Canada: New evidence from province-level panel regression, 1996-2019.","authors":"Edgardo R Sepulveda, Lindsay McLaren","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01024-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01024-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Previous research on the association between income inequality and population health measures has yielded mixed results. This reflects, in part, the level of income inequality and surrounding political economic context of the setting in question. Previous research in Canada has not consistently identified an association between income inequality and population health measures. Those studies, however, largely focused on time periods prior to the manifestations of neoliberal policy reforms, which led to high levels of income inequality characterized by rising income at the top of the distribution. Our objective was to investigate the population-level association between income inequality and life expectancy in Canada during the years 1996-2019, a period of high after-tax income inequality in Canada.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used ordinary least squares panel multivariate regression analysis of publicly available aggregate data on after-tax income inequality and life expectancy for the 10 Canadian provinces during the period 1996-2019. We used an inequality variable that is sensitive to the disproportionate growth in income at the top of the income distribution (share of income held by top 5%); we took into account the proportion of the First Nations, Métis, and Inuit populations across provinces and over time; and we separately analyzed female, male, and total populations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found a robust, negative and statistically significant association where higher population-level after-tax income inequality was associated with lower average life expectancy in Canada.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings speak to the far-reaching consequences of neoliberalism, and to the need for public policy that will reduce income inequality in the interest of the public's health.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Race, discrimination, and mental health adversity in Canada.","authors":"Newsha Mahinpey, Afia Amoako, David R Williams, Arjumand Siddiqi","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01021-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01021-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Canada is undergoing a crisis in mental health, and the federal government has established a strategy that is attentive to mental health among Black people. Our objective is to inform this work by understanding the relationships between race, discrimination, and mental health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We obtained a sample of 17,526 respondents from the Canadian Community Health Survey Rapid Response Module on Experiences of Discrimination, which asked about respondent race and other sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics, the validated Williams Everyday Discrimination Scale, and mental health outcomes (mood and anxiety disorders, substance use, and self-rated mental health). We ran descriptive statistics as well as crude, sociodemographic- and socioeconomic-adjusted logistic regressions to assess relationships in the overall sample between race and the Williams Discrimination Scale and between the Williams Discrimination Scale and mental health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to white people, Black people had two to three times the odds of experiencing frequent discrimination, while Asian people were not statistically different from white people. Frequent experiences of everyday discrimination in the sample were associated with between 40% and two times the odds of experiencing adverse mental health outcomes, though white people had the highest prevalences of adverse mental health outcomes in the sample.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In Canada, experiences of discrimination can produce adverse mental health outcomes, and Black people in particular experience high degrees of discrimination compared to all other racial groups. National health surveys should contain larger and more representative samples of non-white individuals, which allow for more complex analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons from an evaluation of an urban Indigenous food sharing initiative in Southwestern Ontario: \"I feel like I'm nourishing my spirit\".","authors":"Laura Peach, Kaitlyn Patterson, Dave Skene, Sarina Perchak, Kelly Skinner, Hannah Neufeld","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01044-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01044-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to examine an urban Indigenous food sharing initiative through an evaluation attending to the Food Share Initiative's implementation and early outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This project used a community-based participatory research methodology to guide an evaluation of process and initial outcomes. Storytelling methods including interviews and a sharing circle, which took place in July and August 2021, were used to create a relational context for the research team and project participants, which honour Indigenous research methodologies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 14 self-identifying Indigenous people participated in this evaluation. Initiative staff and Food Share recipients identified community relationships as a shared initiative experience that contributed to the wholistic health effects experienced by recipients. All participants recognized capacity limitations of both Food Share recipients and operational staff were important constraints to the initiative's process and implementation. Participant recommendations to improve the Food Share included enhanced outreach to involve other Indigenous community members as well as infrastructure like long-term funding and a central location to strengthen the initiative's operational capacity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As an important community food support, the Food Share's relational care approach fosters a meaningful and wholistic sense of nourishment for Indigenous community members in the Waterloo-Wellington Region.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the post-landing surveillance process for people migrating to British Columbia: A retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Audrey Mitchell, Raman Ubhi, Negar Mousavi, Marie Yan, Elisabeth Hansen, Victoria J Cook, James C Johnston","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01050-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01050-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>People migrating to Canada are disproportionately impacted by tuberculosis (TB) disease. Prior to arrival, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) require an immigration medical exam (IME) intended to detect TB disease in all permanent and select temporary residents. People deemed high risk for TB are then referred for post-landing surveillance. This process has not substantially changed in four decades, prompting our review.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a retrospective cohort study of people referred for post-landing surveillance in British Columbia (BC) from Aug 1, 2020, to May 31, 2022. Through chart review, clinical and demographic data were recorded from the IME and provincial TB registry. Participants were followed for 2 years to assess for TB disease and to record their clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 1700 participants, 19 (1.1%, 95% CI 0.7, 1.7) were diagnosed with TB disease after arriving in Canada; 580 (34.1%) had prior TB treatment noted on their IME, with a median time from treatment to arrival of 9 years (IQR 4-18 years). The post-landing process took a median of 211 days (IQR 160-282 days) to complete workup. Some participants (611; 35.9%) received either an interferon gamma release assay or tuberculin skin test with 127 (35.5%) and 166 (65.6%) positive results, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The post-landing surveillance process in BC is slow and resource-intensive for both migrants and the healthcare system, with uncertain impact on outcomes. These findings highlight existing inefficiencies in the process and the need to identify people who are at highest risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding supervised consumption services in rural Canada: Bridging gaps.","authors":"Nyal Mirza, Holly Mathias, Elaine Hyshka","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01057-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01057-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Supervised consumption services (SCS) and overdose prevention services (OPS) are core interventions for reducing risks of overdose death, HIV, and hepatitis C (HCV) and supporting the health of people who use drugs. However, most SCS/OPS are concentrated in major urban centres. There is an urgent need for the expansion of SCS/OPS in rural and small population centres across Canada, particularly given rising rates of drug-related mortality and morbidity in these settings. This commentary outlines current knowledge of SCS based in rural and small population centres, including availability and key barriers and facilitators of implementation and access. To support a public health approach that reduces drug-related mortality and morbidity, further research is needed on scaling up SCS/OPS in communities of all sizes. Alternative delivery models, including virtual and mobile, and the role of informal peer networks have the potential to enhance SCS/OPS in rural and other low resource settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143995348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Routine vaccination coverage at ages 2 and 7, before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from the STARVAX surveillance system.","authors":"Ahash Jeevakanthan, Sophia Roubos, Cindy Hong, Allison Hender, Morag Granger, Sazzadul Khan, Maaz Shahid, Shannon LeBlanc, Jeanine O'Connell, Nicolas L Gilbert","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01043-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01043-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144048086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responding to an evolving crisis: Meeting the needs of a growing population who smoke their unregulated substances.","authors":"Jessica C Xavier, Charlene Burmeister, Iesha Henderson, Kali-Olt Rufus-Sedgemore, Amber Streukens, Kurt Lock, Sammy Iammarino, Sierra Williams, Alexis Crabtree, Heather Palis","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01046-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01046-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Jurisdictions across Canada are experiencing high and increasing numbers of drug toxicity (overdose) deaths. To effectively respond to this crisis, a recognition and adaptation to shifting substance use patterns is needed. People may use one or more modes of consumption (e.g. injection, inhalation, snorting, oral, rectal), with different modes of consumption presenting different opportunities and challenges for public health education and intervention. In recent years, inhalation has increasingly been identified as a major mode of consumption for unregulated substances. We discuss the implications and what is needed to respond. We argue that (1) more research and evidence focused specifically on services for people who smoke unregulated substances is needed; (2) inhalation services that have an acceptable evidence base, even if incomplete, should be implemented and rigorously monitored, to be responsive to an ongoing public health crisis; and (3) there is a need to be mindful of the implications of delays in services for people who inhale drugs. We acknowledge the efforts of public health decision-makers to learn from the context of public health emergencies when it comes to upholding evidence-based practice standards. In this context, it will be important for decision-makers to remain agile in responding to complex public health issues that are characterized by ongoing and acute harms, political tensions, and a growing yet incomplete body of evidence, such as the evolving drug toxicity crisis.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in the prevalence and cardiometabolic risk profiles of steatotic liver disease: A Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging analysis.","authors":"Jessica Burnside, Felice Cinque, Giada Sebastiani, Alnoor Ramji, Keyur Patel, Mark Swain, Sahar Saeed","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01025-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01025-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Steatotic liver disease (SLD) is absent from global public health agendas. Our study is the first to comprehensively examine SLD prevalence in Canada, focusing on sex differences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging between 2012 and 2018. Steatosis was identified using the validated NAFLD Ridge Score. Using the most recent diagnostic criteria, we defined metabolic (dysfunction)-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), metabolic dysfunction-associated alcohol-associated liver disease (MetALD), and alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and estimated prevalences by sociodemographic factors. Survey-weighted adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) for MASLD (sex-stratified) and MetALD were estimated using Poisson regression with robust standard errors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 24,888 people (51.4% female; median age 58 years) were included. The most common subtype of SLD was MASLD, 35% (95%CI, 34-36), followed by MetALD 2.6% (2.3-2.9), and ALD 0.8% (0.6-1.0). Overall, the prevalences for MASLD and MetALD were significantly higher among males at 46% (45-48) and 3.7% (3.2-4.2) compared to females at 24% (23-26) and 1.6% (1.2‒2.1), respectively. Lower household incomes were associated with higher MASLD prevalence in females (aPR, 2.9, 2.4-3.5) and males (aPR, 1.1, 1.0-1.3). Multimorbidity was high among the MASLD group; 31 unique MASLD phenotypes based on cardiometabolic characteristics were identified. Females with MASLD were also more likely to have more cardiometabolic conditions compared to males with MASLD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this large Canadian cohort, we found significant sex differences in SLD burden and cardiometabolic features. Epidemiological assessments are necessary to improve preparedness for the significant projected increase in advanced liver disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}