Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique最新文献

{"title":"Focusing on sleep health for all, not just sleep disorders.","authors":"Jean-Philippe Chaput","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01008-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01008-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sleep is increasingly recognized as a critical pillar of overall health, yet public health efforts have traditionally focused on treating sleep disorders rather than promoting sleep health for all. This article argues that the time has come to shift the emphasis from a disorder-centric approach to one that prioritizes sleep health for everyone. Sleep health extends beyond the absence of disorders and involves achieving optimal sleep quality, duration, and consistency. Poor sleep is linked to numerous health problems, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, mental health disorders, and impaired cognitive function. Focusing on sleep health can help prevent these conditions and reduce healthcare costs. Moreover, addressing sleep health disparities, particularly among lower-income populations, shift workers, and racial and ethnic minorities, is crucial for achieving health equity. This article outlines strategies such as public awareness campaigns, workplace policies, school-based interventions, and policy advocacy to promote sleep health. By fostering a sleep-healthy society, we can improve individual and public health outcomes, enhance productivity, and reduce the economic burden associated with poor sleep. Ultimately, a comprehensive approach to sleep health offers significant benefits that extend beyond the treatment of sleep disorders, promoting a healthier and more equitable society.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographical narcissism and Ontario's opioid crisis.","authors":"Emily Groot","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01019-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01019-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Northern Ontario is the largest and least populated region of the Canadian province of Ontario. Like other rural, remote, and northern regions, Northern Ontario has been disproportionately impacted by the opioid crisis, with an opioid-related mortality rate more than twice that of the province as a whole. Social exclusion is a predictor of drug use, and the urban core-hinterland periphery socioeconomic relationship that undergirds Northern Ontario's economy results in social degradation and economic marginalization. Along with deindustrialization and increased employment precarity, lack of access to health services, and higher rates of work-related pain, the exclusion inherent to the core-hinterland relationship increases risk of opioid-related mortality. Although the inequities in both the determinants and outcomes of substance use in Northern Ontario are stark, research, policy, and intervention continue to focus on Southern Ontario.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resident and staff experiences of structural barriers to a housing-based overdose prevention site in Vancouver, Canada: \"There is a double standard if you smoke\".","authors":"Benjamin D Scher, Benjamin W Chrisinger, David K Humphreys, Gillian W Shorter","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01007-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01007-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Most overdoses in British Columbia (BC), Canada, occur within housing settings. In response, the provincial government is increasingly implementing housing-based overdose prevention sites (HOPS). Within the context of a contaminated drug supply, and changing consumption practices, there is little research examining the effectiveness of HOPS. The aim of this study was to explore qualitatively how residents and staff experience HOPS, focusing on how this intervention fits into the day-to-day operations of a low-barrier housing facility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was undertaken at a non-profit housing and emergency shelter facility, with a HOPS in Vancouver, BC. We employed rapid-ethnographic methods including six weeks of non-participant observation (> 200 h), three focus groups, 20 informal interviews with residents, and 10 semi-structured interviews with staff. Data were analyzed through an inductive thematic approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results suggest that this facility's HOPS is underutilized due to a variety of structural factors, the most prominent of these being the lack of inhalation services. This lack of service provision exacerbates overdose vulnerability and stigma. Continued drug consumption near the building and in non-monitored areas inside the building creates challenges for staff in identifying potential overdoses and exposes residents who do not consume drugs to drug use within the building.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Housing provision which provides a safer consumption environment to include those who smoke drugs is urgently needed to support both individuals who smoke and those looking to transition from injecting to smoking.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evolving HIV epidemic in Ontario, Canada: A retrospective analysis of new HIV diagnoses to identify subpopulations with persistent risk of HIV transmission.","authors":"Abigail Kroch, David Gogolishvili, Kristen O'Brien, Lauren Orser, Kevin Woodward, Wangari Tharao, Daniel Lazzam, Katherine Burress, Majorie Kabahenda, Mona Loutfy, Patrick O'Byrne","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-00997-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-00997-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to characterize new HIV diagnoses in key Ontario cities, in order to understand current drivers of continued HIV transmission to inform HIV testing and prevention efforts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Chart reviews were carried out at four clinical sites in Ontario, Canada. The study population included individuals who were diagnosed with HIV in Ottawa, Hamilton, and Toronto between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2020, and had no previous evidence of HIV documented.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The total number of persons in this analysis was 359, from Toronto (n = 201), Ottawa (n = 88), and Hamilton (n = 70). More than half of the diagnoses were among those who immigrated to Canada, and many were diagnosed (11%) during the year they arrived. Many participants experienced a late diagnosis (43.2%), and while 116 (32.3%) had HIV testing history in Ontario, 155 did not (43.2%). Many participants were men who have sex with men (MSM) and had a previously recorded diagnosis of gonorrhea or chlamydia (n = 27; 7.5%) or syphilis (n = 39; 10.9%). Among women and heterosexual men, a diagnosis of hepatitis C (n = 18; 5.0%) appeared to signal a risk of HIV diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These data show that HIV testing and prevention strategies should be targeted to (1) MSM with a history of syphilis, gonorrhea, or chlamydia; (2) heterosexual men and women with a history of hepatitis C; and (3) immigrants within the first 5 years of migration. To address the evolving epidemic, it will be necessary to employ targeted HIV screening and prevention measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A call for government-driven health promotion solutions surveillance in public health: Nests and networks.","authors":"Jenna Keeble","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01015-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01015-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Health Promotion Solutions Surveillance (HPSS) framework is proposed to enhance public health systems by systematically identifying, cataloguing, and supporting community-driven public health solutions. Developed in response to limited public health resources and the dominance of problem-focused health protection surveillance systems, this framework can complement current infrastructure using a proactive and solutions-oriented approach. Designed for implementation by government public health systems, it focuses on interdisciplinary collaboration, equity, and engagement with communities and their grassroots initiatives. Rooted in health promotion principles, it seeks to address systemic inequities and bridge public health gaps that fail to adequately resource people and communities to address identified public health issues. Although the framework has not been implemented in its intended context, its ability to recognize various methodologies and use diverse methods, including community network identification, digital ethnography, and participatory action research, would position public health systems to promote innovation, collaboration, and sustainable public health outcomes. An accompanying visual guide outlines practical steps and principles for operationalizing this framework, offering public health professionals and policymakers a tool to align local interventions with public health goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"All-cause and cause-specific hospitalization rates among temporary and permanent residents living in Canada: A linkage study.","authors":"Jenney Meng Han Wang, Edward Ng, Dafna Kohen, Rachel Viau, Claudia Rank, Anne Grundy","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-00996-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-00996-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Increased understanding of migrant health outcomes is important for health policy and planning and to support continuity of care for Canadian newcomers. The objective of this study is to expand on previous migrant health research by examining age-standardized hospitalization rates (ASHR) among temporary residents (TRs) and permanent residents (PRs) living in Canada from 2014 to 2018.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Hospitalization outcomes were obtained by linking administrative health databases to the Longitudinal Immigration Database. TRs and PRs were characterized by covariates including age, sex, migration category, and immigration status transition. All-cause and select cause-specific ASHRs were calculated, including hospitalizations for cancer, injury, and mental and health conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All-cause ASHRs were lower among TRs than among PRs, with variations observed within specific migration categories. Among TRs, the ASHR was highest for temporary foreign workers. Workers had the highest ASHR for cancer and injury, while asylum claimants had the highest ASHR for mental health conditions. Among PRs, ASHRs were highest for refugees overall and for all specific causes examined. People who transitioned from TR to PR status had higher ASHRs overall compared to those who did not.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Observed ASHR differences between TRs and PRs, and among those with immigration status transitions and within specific migration categories, may be related to selection criteria by migrant stream, differential access to healthcare resources, preventive health behaviours, and different exposures influencing health needs. Additional research on characteristics associated with migrant health can inform post-arrival health planning and continuity of care.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a classification of common interventions to describe the work of local public health agencies.","authors":"Alexander Summers, Joanne Kearon, Sarah Maaten, Carolynne Gabriel, Amanda Harvey, Michelle Sangster Bouck, Melissa McCann, Tanya Verhaeghe, Devyn DeMars, Adeola Oyelade","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01016-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01016-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Setting: </strong>The Middlesex-London Health Unit (MLHU) is a local public health agency serving a population of 500,000 people in southwestern Ontario.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Public health can have a nearly infinite scope. Given the impact of our social, economic, and physical environments on health, everything can rightly be considered a \"public health issue.\" However, the role of a local public health agency in addressing a \"public health issue\" varies widely and is not always clearly described. We have described and defined the interventions of a local public health agency and have developed a classification of common interventions. These interventions outline the work that we do for the community, clearly and concretely articulating the actions we take to protect and promote health.</p><p><strong>Outcomes: </strong>The work of local public health agencies can be categorized and classified by these common interventions: • Communication and social marketing • Education and skill building • Healthy public policy development • Community and partner mobilization • Surveillance • Inspections • Investigations • Case, contact, and outbreak management • Clinical services delivery • Health resource inventory management • Vector control IMPLICATIONS: The benefits of defining the interventions of a local public health agency include an improved understanding of the skills required to do the work; opportunities to strategically target prioritized public health issues, utilizing the full suite of interventions to maximize impact; the ability to adapt to changing priorities; opportunities to effectively measure organizational performance; clarity with partners regarding roles and responsibilities in addressing public health issues; and an enhanced ability to tell others what we do and demonstrate our value.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning from the pandemic: Building capacity for risk communication in the Canadian federal health portfolio.","authors":"Gabriela Capurro, Josh Greenberg","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01002-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01002-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Setting: </strong>The federal health portfolio has had a risk communications framework in place since 2006; however, the COVID-19 pandemic pushed the capacity of this plan and the need for communications resources to new levels. Health communicators in the public service face significant challenges: a fragmented mediascape, changes to how people seek and use information, the proliferation of misinformation and disinformation, declining trust in public institutions, and the politicization of science, to name just a few. It has never been more important for health authorities to communicate clearly, consistently, effectively, and from an evidence-based position.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>This report describes one aspect of how the federal health portfolio has been addressing these challenges. As part of a recent capacity-building initiative, 67 public servants working in health communications participated in a four-part, half-day, advanced seminar series at Carleton University in June 2023. Each session featured an interactive presentation from a leading scholar and/or local practitioner with real-world scenario exercises designed to put their learning into practice. The series explored issues in trust and transparency, algorithmic control and mis- and disinformation, media relations, and risk communication for equity-deserving populations.</p><p><strong>Outcomes: </strong>At the conclusion of the program, participants were given tools to (1) identify challenges to effective communication brought by a rapidly evolving media environment in which skepticism and misinformation often run rampant; (2) examine how key metrics and behavioural indicators on social media platforms demand different responses from health organizations and agencies who are monitoring and managing social media; (3) consider challenges for health communicators who must serve the public during health crises while also reinforcing public trust in their institutions; and (4) develop successful risk communication strategies for equity-deserving communities by considering specific information needs and tailored dissemination methods to reach the intended audience. Participants expressed high levels of satisfaction in the quality of the training and overwhelmingly reported that it would positively impact their daily work.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>The training program was an innovative and successful initiative to improve knowledge of current priority topics and best practices in risk communication. It illustrated the benefits of continued professional learning, the importance of university-public service partnerships, and how capacity building requires ongoing resource commitments and engaged support from senior management. The program, along with other risk communication training that is currently being implemented, is part of the investment in long-term professional development of risk communicators in the health portfolio.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Working group engagement as a precondition of successful community engagement in an expert-led social marketing public health intervention: Learning from the footprints.","authors":"Thomas Barker, Heather Allen, Karen Fulton, Nienke Klaver, Lori Motluk, Tanya Osborne, Edward Staples","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01011-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01011-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Setting: </strong>A public health society working group wanted to use social marketing approaches to engage with a community and stimulate social support for a health treatment. The group struggled to collect effectiveness (summative) data during the project. To make up for this lack, the group explored ways to measure effectiveness of engagement (the primary outcome) based on written records (meeting minutes) kept during the project.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>The working group kept minutes of meetings that contained records of the level of participation of members by names. The text of 18 meetings (14,000 words) was edited so that the names of participants were replaced with roles that corresponded to working group members' roles: grassroots health advocates, community health agency representatives, and experts or knowledge leaders. The corpus was imported into a text analysis platform that measured word frequency. Results were tallied for the three categories of group member roles. To validate the method as a meaningful summative evaluation, the text analysis approach was critiqued using a developmental evaluation framework.</p><p><strong>Outcomes: </strong>The text analysis evaluation indicated that the word frequency of \"partner,\" (community health partner), \"community\" (grassroots health advocates), and \"expert\" (or knowledge leaders) tags began to converge as the campaign progressed. Initially, experts and community health partners spoke less in meetings, and community members spoke more. Over time, all members began contributing more equally during the meetings. The checklist evaluation indicated alignment of the technique with established evaluation protocols used in the field of public health.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>The text and checklist analyses support the notion that engagement among working group members may be, and thus may be seen as, a precondition of engagement with the community. When used with evidence from event evaluations, the innovation may be used as an argument for effectiveness as an outcome in community-based public health campaigns that do not use conventional project (summative) evaluations.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Action intersectorielle locale pendant la pandémie de COVID-19: une démarche de développement territorial en milieu rural.","authors":"Lucie Morin, André-Anne Parent, Deena White, Christian Jetté","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-00995-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-00995-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic affected the action of collaborative networks, connecting organizations from the public, community, and private sectors. Intersectoral action is a recognized strategy for tackling complex problems and reducing social inequalities. This study aims to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic modified local intersectoral action to improve the living conditions of rural populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data for this qualitative, case study were collected through semi-structured individual interviews, observation sessions, and documentary analysis. Actor-network theory was used as the theoretical framework. Data collection took place from March 2021 to June 2022. The data were processed using a thematic analysis inspired by the analytical framework.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pandemic disrupted local intersectoral action, hampering networking operations and promoting a sectoral approach. Strategies favouring networking (use of technology and the liaison work of collective stakeholders) made it possible to create spaces for negotiating shared interests, identifying common causes, committing players to new roles, and sharing resources.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>When faced with disruptions, networks can be flexible, testifying to the relevance of intersectoral action to meet the needs of the population. Even if the network was in a state of near-fragmentation before the pandemic, its reconstitution and remobilization were relatively easy for the community organizers.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143626766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}