Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique最新文献

{"title":"Advancing health equity within the Canadian health system.","authors":"Abimbola K Saka, Mohamed Bella Jalloh, Ijeoma Ozurigbo, Notisha Massaquoi","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01010-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01010-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canada's universal healthcare system aspires to provide equitable care for all citizens, yet persistent health disparities among Indigenous, Black, and other racialized communities reveal significant gaps in service and outcomes. This commentary explores how race-based data collection could address these inequities by identifying at-risk populations, informing targeted interventions, and improving accountability within healthcare systems. The discussion includes an overview of existing challenges, such as mistrust stemming from historical research abuses, varied provincial approaches, and ethical complexities related to privacy and data sovereignty. Examples from within Canada highlight the effectiveness of standardized data collection policies, while international lessons-particularly from the United Kingdom's incentivized data reporting and the United States' mandated approaches-underscore the importance of consistent data-gathering and careful monitoring. The commentary emphasizes that community engagement and leadership are essential to the development of culturally safe practices, and that legal and ethical frameworks must safeguard data from commodification or other forms of misuse. By integrating race-based data collection into policy reforms, embracing Indigenous data governance principles, providing mandatory training for health providers, and establishing robust monitoring systems, Canada can advance meaningful strategies to reduce health disparities. This approach promotes a more equitable healthcare environment, ensuring the principle of universal coverage benefits all communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143712062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Perinatal mental illness in Ontario (2007-2021): A population-based repeated cross-sectional surveillance study.","authors":"Simone N Vigod, Amreen Babujee, Anjie Huang, Kinwah Fung, Kelsey Vercammen, Jennifer Lye, Susie Dzakpasu, Wei Luo","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01030-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01030-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143702285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of Black youth.","authors":"Khadija Brouillette, Olivia Aiello, Onaopeoluwapo Egbedeyi, Olga Loggale, Andre M N Renzaho, Aloysius Maduforo, Oluwabukola Salami","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01017-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01017-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic had a disproportionate impact on members of Canada's Black community. Morbidity and mortality rates were higher among Blacks, and the mental health of Black youth was particularly affected by health policy measures undertaken during the pandemic, such as social distancing and isolation. Despite this understanding, a lack of awareness remains regarding how containment measures from COVID-19, such as school closures, physical distancing, and lockdowns, impacted the mental health of Black youth in Canada.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We employed a qualitative description approach informed by Youth Participatory Action Research and guided by intersectionality theory as our methodological framework. Semi-structured interviews were used as the primary data generation method, enabling Black youths from across Canada to share their experiences of how the COVID-19 pandemic uniquely impacted their mental health. Thematic analysis was applied to analyze the data and identify key patterns and themes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We recruited 48 Black youth, aged 16 to 30 years. Analysis revealed heightened stress, depression, and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. These mental health challenges were linked to prolonged isolation, academic disruptions, financial insecurity, precarious employment, and fears of police brutality, all of which were exacerbated by the pandemic's disproportionate impact on Black communities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the mental health of Black youth in Canada. The results of this study highlight the urgent need for increased attention and investment in mental health initiatives specifically targeting Black youth across the country.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143675059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the rollout of the Triple P system parenting program in Manitoba on rates of child maltreatment: Administrative data analyses and document review of policies and programs.","authors":"Divya Joshi, Marni Brownell, Elizabeth Decaire, Rob Santos, Isuru Dharmasena, Heather Prior, Okechukwu Ekuma, Charlene Attard, Tracie O Afifi, Andrea Gonzalez","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01005-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01005-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Triple P is a multilevel parenting program aimed at promoting children's emotional, social, and behavioural competence and preventing behavioural problems through supporting parents in positive parenting.</p><p><strong>Research question: </strong>Examine the rollout of the Triple P system parenting program on child maltreatment rates in Manitoba, Canada, using administrative data analysis and document review of policies and programs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This population-based retrospective cohort study included 962,170 children aged 18 years or younger. Administrative healthcare and social services data from the Manitoba Population Research Data Repository were used to compare child maltreatment indicators before (1989-2004) and after (2005-2018) Triple P implementation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to before Triple P implementation, injury hospitalization rates were lower in the early (2005-2011) and later (2012-2018) periods of implementation. Maltreatment hospitalization and violent death rates were not statistically different in the early period, but they were lower in the later period of Triple P implementation. The interrupted time-series analysis showed that after Triple P intervention in 2005, injury hospitalization rates increased until 2012, followed by a gradual decline through 2018, compared to the expected trend without the intervention. Maltreatment hospitalization trends displayed a decline until 2012, followed by an increase, and then a gradual decline from 2014 to 2018 relative to the anticipated trend without the intervention. These trends varied by age, sex, income quintiles, and region.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Triple P is one of several programs that may have contributed to reductions in child maltreatment rates observed in Manitoba since the implementation of the program.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143665347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographical narcissism and Ontario's opioid crisis.","authors":"Emily Groot","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01019-3","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-025-01019-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Northern Ontario is the largest and least populated region of the Canadian province of Ontario. Like other rural, remote, and northern regions, Northern Ontario has been disproportionately impacted by the opioid crisis, with an opioid-related mortality rate more than twice that of the province as a whole. Social exclusion is a predictor of drug use, and the urban core-hinterland periphery socioeconomic relationship that undergirds Northern Ontario's economy results in social degradation and economic marginalization. Along with deindustrialization and increased employment precarity, lack of access to health services, and higher rates of work-related pain, the exclusion inherent to the core-hinterland relationship increases risk of opioid-related mortality. Although the inequities in both the determinants and outcomes of substance use in Northern Ontario are stark, research, policy, and intervention continue to focus on Southern Ontario.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resident and staff experiences of structural barriers to a housing-based overdose prevention site in Vancouver, Canada: \"There is a double standard if you smoke\".","authors":"Benjamin D Scher, Benjamin W Chrisinger, David K Humphreys, Gillian W Shorter","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01007-7","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-025-01007-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Most overdoses in British Columbia (BC), Canada, occur within housing settings. In response, the provincial government is increasingly implementing housing-based overdose prevention sites (HOPS). Within the context of a contaminated drug supply, and changing consumption practices, there is little research examining the effectiveness of HOPS. The aim of this study was to explore qualitatively how residents and staff experience HOPS, focusing on how this intervention fits into the day-to-day operations of a low-barrier housing facility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was undertaken at a non-profit housing and emergency shelter facility, with a HOPS in Vancouver, BC. We employed rapid-ethnographic methods including six weeks of non-participant observation (> 200 h), three focus groups, 20 informal interviews with residents, and 10 semi-structured interviews with staff. Data were analyzed through an inductive thematic approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results suggest that this facility's HOPS is underutilized due to a variety of structural factors, the most prominent of these being the lack of inhalation services. This lack of service provision exacerbates overdose vulnerability and stigma. Continued drug consumption near the building and in non-monitored areas inside the building creates challenges for staff in identifying potential overdoses and exposes residents who do not consume drugs to drug use within the building.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Housing provision which provides a safer consumption environment to include those who smoke drugs is urgently needed to support both individuals who smoke and those looking to transition from injecting to smoking.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evolving HIV epidemic in Ontario, Canada: A retrospective analysis of new HIV diagnoses to identify subpopulations with persistent risk of HIV transmission.","authors":"Abigail Kroch, David Gogolishvili, Kristen O'Brien, Lauren Orser, Kevin Woodward, Wangari Tharao, Daniel Lazzam, Katherine Burress, Majorie Kabahenda, Mona Loutfy, Patrick O'Byrne","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-00997-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-00997-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to characterize new HIV diagnoses in key Ontario cities, in order to understand current drivers of continued HIV transmission to inform HIV testing and prevention efforts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Chart reviews were carried out at four clinical sites in Ontario, Canada. The study population included individuals who were diagnosed with HIV in Ottawa, Hamilton, and Toronto between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2020, and had no previous evidence of HIV documented.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The total number of persons in this analysis was 359, from Toronto (n = 201), Ottawa (n = 88), and Hamilton (n = 70). More than half of the diagnoses were among those who immigrated to Canada, and many were diagnosed (11%) during the year they arrived. Many participants experienced a late diagnosis (43.2%), and while 116 (32.3%) had HIV testing history in Ontario, 155 did not (43.2%). Many participants were men who have sex with men (MSM) and had a previously recorded diagnosis of gonorrhea or chlamydia (n = 27; 7.5%) or syphilis (n = 39; 10.9%). Among women and heterosexual men, a diagnosis of hepatitis C (n = 18; 5.0%) appeared to signal a risk of HIV diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These data show that HIV testing and prevention strategies should be targeted to (1) MSM with a history of syphilis, gonorrhea, or chlamydia; (2) heterosexual men and women with a history of hepatitis C; and (3) immigrants within the first 5 years of migration. To address the evolving epidemic, it will be necessary to employ targeted HIV screening and prevention measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A call for government-driven health promotion solutions surveillance in public health: Nests and networks.","authors":"Jenna Keeble","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01015-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01015-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Health Promotion Solutions Surveillance (HPSS) framework is proposed to enhance public health systems by systematically identifying, cataloguing, and supporting community-driven public health solutions. Developed in response to limited public health resources and the dominance of problem-focused health protection surveillance systems, this framework can complement current infrastructure using a proactive and solutions-oriented approach. Designed for implementation by government public health systems, it focuses on interdisciplinary collaboration, equity, and engagement with communities and their grassroots initiatives. Rooted in health promotion principles, it seeks to address systemic inequities and bridge public health gaps that fail to adequately resource people and communities to address identified public health issues. Although the framework has not been implemented in its intended context, its ability to recognize various methodologies and use diverse methods, including community network identification, digital ethnography, and participatory action research, would position public health systems to promote innovation, collaboration, and sustainable public health outcomes. An accompanying visual guide outlines practical steps and principles for operationalizing this framework, offering public health professionals and policymakers a tool to align local interventions with public health goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"All-cause and cause-specific hospitalization rates among temporary and permanent residents living in Canada: A linkage study.","authors":"Jenney Meng Han Wang, Edward Ng, Dafna Kohen, Rachel Viau, Claudia Rank, Anne Grundy","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-00996-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-00996-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Increased understanding of migrant health outcomes is important for health policy and planning and to support continuity of care for Canadian newcomers. The objective of this study is to expand on previous migrant health research by examining age-standardized hospitalization rates (ASHR) among temporary residents (TRs) and permanent residents (PRs) living in Canada from 2014 to 2018.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Hospitalization outcomes were obtained by linking administrative health databases to the Longitudinal Immigration Database. TRs and PRs were characterized by covariates including age, sex, migration category, and immigration status transition. All-cause and select cause-specific ASHRs were calculated, including hospitalizations for cancer, injury, and mental and health conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All-cause ASHRs were lower among TRs than among PRs, with variations observed within specific migration categories. Among TRs, the ASHR was highest for temporary foreign workers. Workers had the highest ASHR for cancer and injury, while asylum claimants had the highest ASHR for mental health conditions. Among PRs, ASHRs were highest for refugees overall and for all specific causes examined. People who transitioned from TR to PR status had higher ASHRs overall compared to those who did not.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Observed ASHR differences between TRs and PRs, and among those with immigration status transitions and within specific migration categories, may be related to selection criteria by migrant stream, differential access to healthcare resources, preventive health behaviours, and different exposures influencing health needs. Additional research on characteristics associated with migrant health can inform post-arrival health planning and continuity of care.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a classification of common interventions to describe the work of local public health agencies.","authors":"Alexander Summers, Joanne Kearon, Sarah Maaten, Carolynne Gabriel, Amanda Harvey, Michelle Sangster Bouck, Melissa McCann, Tanya Verhaeghe, Devyn DeMars, Adeola Oyelade","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01016-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-025-01016-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Setting: </strong>The Middlesex-London Health Unit (MLHU) is a local public health agency serving a population of 500,000 people in southwestern Ontario.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Public health can have a nearly infinite scope. Given the impact of our social, economic, and physical environments on health, everything can rightly be considered a \"public health issue.\" However, the role of a local public health agency in addressing a \"public health issue\" varies widely and is not always clearly described. We have described and defined the interventions of a local public health agency and have developed a classification of common interventions. These interventions outline the work that we do for the community, clearly and concretely articulating the actions we take to protect and promote health.</p><p><strong>Outcomes: </strong>The work of local public health agencies can be categorized and classified by these common interventions: • Communication and social marketing • Education and skill building • Healthy public policy development • Community and partner mobilization • Surveillance • Inspections • Investigations • Case, contact, and outbreak management • Clinical services delivery • Health resource inventory management • Vector control IMPLICATIONS: The benefits of defining the interventions of a local public health agency include an improved understanding of the skills required to do the work; opportunities to strategically target prioritized public health issues, utilizing the full suite of interventions to maximize impact; the ability to adapt to changing priorities; opportunities to effectively measure organizational performance; clarity with partners regarding roles and responsibilities in addressing public health issues; and an enhanced ability to tell others what we do and demonstrate our value.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}