Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique最新文献

{"title":"Correction: Edmonton's Race-based Data Table: A municipal approach to addressing systemic racism through the collection and use of disaggregated, race-based data.","authors":"Uchechi Shirley Anaduaka, Alexa Ferdinands, Janelle Knoop, Sarah Barber, Maria J Mayan","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00938-x","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00938-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":"834"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559507/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142300492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity and specificity of International Classification of Diseases algorithms (ICD-9 and ICD-10) used to identify opioid-related overdose cases: A systematic review and an example of estimation using Bayesian latent class models in the absence of gold standards.","authors":"Fiston Ikwa Ndol Mbutiwi, Ayekoe Patrick Junior Yapo, Serge Esako Toirambe, Erin Rees, Rebecca Plouffe, Hélène Carabin","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00915-4","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00915-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to summarize validity estimates of International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes in identifying opioid overdose (OOD) among patient data from emergency rooms, emergency medical services, inpatient, outpatient, administrative, medical claims, and mortality, and estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the algorithms in the absence of a perfect reference standard.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically reviewed studies published before December 8, 2023, and identified with Medline and Embase. Studies reporting sufficient details to recreate a 2 × 2 table comparing the ICD algorithms to a reference standard in diagnosing OOD-related events were included. We used Bayesian latent class models (BLCM) to estimate the posterior sensitivity and specificity distributions of five ICD-10 algorithms and of the imperfect coroner's report review (CRR) in detecting prescription opioid-related deaths (POD) using one included study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of a total of 1990 studies reviewed, three were included. The reported sensitivity estimates of ICD algorithms for OOD were low (range from 25.0% to 56.8%) for ICD-9 in diagnosing non-fatal OOD-related events and moderate (72% to 89%) for ICD-10 in diagnosing POD. The last included study used ICD-9 for non-fatal and fatal and ICD-10 for fatal OOD-related events and showed high sensitivity (i.e. above 97%). The specificity estimates of ICD algorithms were good to excellent in the three included studies. The misclassification-adjusted ICD-10 algorithm sensitivity estimates for POD from BLCM were consistently higher than reported sensitivity estimates that assumed CRR was perfect.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Evidence on the performance of ICD algorithms in detecting OOD events is scarce, and the absence of bias correction for imperfect tests leads to an underestimation of the sensitivity of ICD code estimates.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":"770-783"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11535208/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141861632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Local Health Program.","authors":"Cope W Schwenger","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00925-2","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00925-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":"729-734"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559501/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142480319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the implementation of evidence-based alcohol policies on Atlantic Canadian post-secondary campuses: A comparative analysis.","authors":"Kara Thompson, Stephanie Cooper, William Langille, Brynn Webber, Rachael MacDonald-Spracklin, Mark Asbridge, Bryce Barker, Darren Kruisselbrink, Janine Olthuis, Catherine Paradis, Sherry Stewart, Tim Stockwell, Robert Strang","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00907-4","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00907-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study assessed the quality of campus alcohol policies against best practice to assist campus decision-makers in strengthening their campus alcohol policies and reducing student alcohol use and harm.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Drawing on empirical literature and expert opinion, we developed an evidence-based scoring rubric to assess the quality of campus alcohol policies across 10 alcohol policy domains. Campus alcohol policy data were collected from 12 Atlantic Canadian universities. All extracted data were verified by the institutions and then scored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On average, post-secondary institutions are implementing only a third of the evidence-based alcohol policies captured by the 10 domains assessed. The average campus policy score was 33% (range 15‒49%). Of the 10 domains examined, only enforcement achieved an average score above 50%, followed closely by leadership and surveillance at 48%. The two heaviest-weighted domains-availability and access, and advertising and sponsorship-had average scores of 27% and 24%, respectively. However, if post-secondary campuses adopted the highest scoring policies from across all 12 campuses, they could achieve a score of 74%, indicating improvement is possible.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Atlantic Canadian universities are collectively achieving less than half their potential to reduce student alcohol-related harm. However, this study identifies opportunities where policies can be enhanced or modified. The fact that most policies are present at one or more campuses highlights that policy recommendations are an achievable goal for campuses. Campuses are encouraged to look to each other as models for improving their own policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":"789-800"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11535009/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141767941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Considerations of Nutrition in Relief work.","authors":"E W McHenry","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00923-4","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00923-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":"722-724"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11535111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142480317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variability in public health programming and priorities to address health inequities across public health units in Ontario, Canada.","authors":"Ana Paula Belon, Jo Lin Chew, Naomi Schwartz, Kate E Storey, Brendan T Smith, Roman Pabayo","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00896-4","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00896-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In 2018, Ontario Public Health Standards were updated to include the foundational Health Equity Standard to guide planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health programs and services. Public health units (PHUs), the regional public health bodies, are now required to address health equity through four requirements: (a) Assessing and Reporting; (b) Modifying and Orienting Public Health Interventions; (c) Engaging in Multi-sectoral Collaboration; and (d) Health Equity Analysis, Policy Development, and Advancing Healthy Public Policies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This qualitative descriptive study explored how the 27 participating PHUs (out of 34) serving urban (N = 10), mixed urban-rural (N = 15), and rural (N = 9) populations addressed the Health Equity Standard. Using document analysis, we inductively and deductively coded the content of 68 PHU Annual Service Plan and Budget Submissions from a 3-year period (2018-2020) received from the 27 PHUs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Emergent categories were organized into the four requirements and one additional emergent theme: Organizational Implementation of Health Equity. The approaches of embedding health equity into PHUs' activities varied across groups. Urban PHUs presented more diverse strategies, including working with a larger number of organizations, and participating in academic research projects. We found more process standardization and greater discussion of capacity building in urban and mixed urban-rural PHUs. Rural PHUs strategically addressed the needs of their diverse populations through relationship building with Indigenous communities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings suggest broad implementation of health equity approaches in public health independent of PHUs' geographic size and population dispersion, though strategies and key challenges differ across units.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":"813-824"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141262300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multicriteria vulnerability index for equitable resource allocation in public health funding.","authors":"Irène Abi-Zeid, Nicole Bouchard, Morgane Bousquet, Jérôme Cerutti, Sophie Dupéré, Julie Fortier, Roxane Lavoie, Isabelle Mauger, Catherine Raymond, Estelle Richard, Lynda Savard","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00903-8","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00903-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Setting: </strong>This paper describes an action research project with the Centre universitaire intégré de santé et de services sociaux - Capitale Nationale (CIUSSS-CN) who identified a need to assess vulnerability in their territories in order to ensure equitable distribution of the Integrated Perinatal and Early Childhood Services (SIPPE) program funds. The objective was to design and validate a multicriteria model to provide a more accurate portrait of vulnerability based on recent social realities.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Our multidisciplinary research team of 7 members included experts in analytics, decision aiding, and community and public health. In collaboration with 6 CIUSSS-CN professionals, we co-constructed, during 9 workshops, a multicriteria model to aggregate the multiple dimensions of vulnerability. We used a value-focused thinking approach and applied the method MACBETH assisted by a geographic information system.</p><p><strong>Outcomes: </strong>Criteria, scales, and weights were validated and led to a vulnerability score for each CIUSSS-CN territory. This score provides a more accurate portrait of territorial disparities based on data and the participants' experience. The model was implemented in a dynamic user-friendly tool and serves to support decision-makers in the resource allocation process. Knowledge transfer was conducted during and after the process.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>This multidisciplinary research has served to anchor public health funding in local realities, with an emphasis on equity and stakeholder engagement. Our mixed-method approach integrating qualitative and quantitative data is adaptable to other contexts. Our results can enhance intervention effectiveness and allow for a better response to the needs of the population targeted by the SIPPE program.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":"825-833"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559502/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141749641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic policy and public health: Insights from the history of the Canadian Journal of Public Health.","authors":"Lindsay McLaren, Eric Mykhalovskiy","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00940-3","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00940-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The nearly 115-year history of the Canadian Journal of Public Health (CJPH) provides an important opportunity to reflect on and learn from our past. In response to an invitation to members of the CJPH Editorial Board to curate historical articles around a theme, we undertook a historical examination of our field's engagement, as gleaned through the pages of CJPH, with economic policy. This was inspired by the now well-established connections among political economic policy, population well-being, and health equity. Our analysis of six historical volumes (1917, 1933, 1941, 1961, 1995, and 2013) led to three key findings. First, we found only a slim historical foundation for public health engagement with the economy overall. Second, we observed a strong and seemingly subconscious allegiance to dominant economic paradigms, despite their incompatibility with root causes of health inequities. Third, even though socio-economic inequalities in health are a long-standing preoccupation of CJPH authors, those inequalities are consistently and curiously divorced from their roots in political economic systems. Our findings provide a historical foundation for thinking about how our public health community could be encouraged to engage constructively towards an economic system that supports, rather than obstructs, population well-being and health equity.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":"705-719"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11535091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142480318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Should cannabis self-cultivation be part of a public health‒oriented legalization policy framework?","authors":"Benedikt Fischer, Tessa Robinson","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00914-5","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00914-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cannabis control policies are increasingly being liberalized, including the legalization of non-medical cannabis use and supply in multiple settings, for example in Canada, with main policy objectives focusing on improved public health. An important while contested matter has been the appropriate design of legal cannabis supply structures and sources. These, in most Americas-based legalization settings, have included provisions for (limited) 'home cultivation'. Recent data suggest that about 8% of active consumers engage in cannabis home cultivation for their own supply, while approximately 14% are exposed to it in/around their home. Home cultivation commonly exceeds legal limits and/or occurs where not allowed, and is disproportionately associated with high-frequency and/or other risk patterns of cannabis use. In addition, home cultivation may facilitate exposure or diversion of cannabis to minors, as well as pose possible environmental exposure risks especially when occurring indoors. Given its placement in private spaces, related regulations are largely shielded from enforcement. Home cultivation, therefore, bears substantive potential to circumvent or work counter to public health‒oriented legalization policy objectives. Recent assessments of health outcomes from cannabis legalization show mixed-including multiple adverse-results, implying the need for regulatory revisions towards protecting public health outcomes. Especially in settings where extensive (e.g. commercial) retail systems were established to provide regulated, legal cannabis products to consumers, it is questionable whether home cultivation overall serves primary public health‒oriented objectives; relevant data should be expanded and used to review related provisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":"784-788"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141762497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meeting the 24-hour movement guidelines among adult immigrants in Canada.","authors":"El Zahraa Majed, Ian Janssen, Lucie Lévesque","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00902-9","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00902-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines include recommendations for healthy levels of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep. Meeting these recommendations could help immigrants stay healthy. However, little is known about the movement behaviours of adult immigrants in Canada nor how these differ in relation to non-immigrants or time since immigration. The objectives were to estimate and compare the prevalence of meeting the 24-Hour Movement Guideline recommendations among adult non-immigrants, established immigrants, and recent immigrants in Canada across different sex groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Self-reported data from the 2017 and 2018 cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey were used. Meeting the guideline recommendations was based on the following: accumulating ≥ 150 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), limiting screen time to ≤ 3 h/day, and getting 7-9 h/day of sleep for adults aged 18-64 or 7-8 h/day of sleep for adults aged 65 + . Logistic regression was used to compare guideline adherence according to immigration status while controlling for age, sex, income, marital status, and education.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among immigrants, 21.5% met all three guideline recommendations, 43.7% met 2 of 3 recommendations, and 28.5% met a single recommendation. The corresponding values for non-immigrants were 26.2%, 42.7%, and 24.6%. Compared to established immigrants, recent immigrants were more likely to meet all three recommendations (OR = 1.27; 95% CI (1.07, 1.50)) and to meet the sleep recommendation (OR = 1.29; 95% CI (1.07, 1.54)) after controlling for confounders.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Approximately 1 in 5 immigrants in Canada met all three recommendations of the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines. Movement behaviours vary according to immigrant status.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":"801-812"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559504/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141452078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}