Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique最新文献

{"title":"Sexual and gender minority youth in Canada: An investigation of disparities in positive mental health.","authors":"Sonia Hajo, Colin A Capaldi, Li Liu","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00931-4","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00931-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>While studies indicate that 2SLGBTQ + youth are more likely to experience negative psychological outcomes compared to their heterosexual and cisgender peers, less is known about the positive mental health (PMH) of 2SLGBTQ + youth in Canada. To fill this gap, we investigated disparities in PMH by self-reported sexual attraction among 15‒17-year-olds and gender modality among 12‒17-year-olds.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from youth respondents in the 2019 Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth. We obtained estimates of average life satisfaction and high self-rated mental health, happiness, autonomy, competence, and relatedness for youth with an exclusively heterosexual attraction and youth with a minority sexual attraction (those exclusively attracted to the same gender, and those attracted to both females and males), and for cisgender and gender minority youth. Regression analyses were conducted to test for disparities on each PMH outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with exclusively heterosexual youth, sexual minority youth reported lower life satisfaction and were less likely to report high self-rated mental health, happiness, autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Significant disparities were more consistently found for youth attracted to both females and males than youth exclusively attracted to the same gender. Gender minority (versus cisgender) youth also reported lower average life satisfaction and were less likely to report high self-rated mental health, happiness, autonomy, competence, and relatedness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although this study provides evidence for the presence of disparities in PMH, its strength-based focus on PMH also documents the presence of well-being among many sexual and gender minority youth in Canada.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":"86-96"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11868004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142332144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between food security status and dietary patterns in a cohort of first-time food-aid users.","authors":"Emma Teasdale, Geneviève Mercille, Federico Roncarolo, Mylène Riva, Marie-Pierre Sylvestre, Rosanne Blanchet, Louise Potvin","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00932-3","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00932-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the associations between food security status and dietary patterns among first-time food-aid users.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From September 2018 to January 2020, a sample of 1001 newly registered food-aid users from 106 community-based food donation organizations were recruited across urban, rural, and peri-urban areas in four administrative regions of the province of Quebec, Canada. The Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM) and the Short Diet Questionnaire (SDQ) were used to assess food security status and food intake, respectively. A posteriori dietary patterns were identified through principal component analysis. Regression analyses were performed on 987 participants with complete data to quantify the association between food security status and dietary patterns.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three main dietary patterns were identified: prudent (intake of fruits and fruit juice, plant-based beverages and legumes, green salad, carrots, other vegetables, whole grains, and fish), western (intake of poultry, red meat, potatoes and fried potatoes, rice, and pasta and refined grains), and snack foods (intake of salty snacks, cheese, butter and margarine, sweets, condiments, sweet beverages, and processed meat). Food insecurity was negatively associated with the prudent dietary pattern and positively associated with the snack food dietary pattern.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the complexity of dietary patterns in a vulnerable population of first-time food-aid users, especially among those who are severely food insecure.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":"59-69"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11870709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142480316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stillbirth rates following the change in definition of fetal mortality in Quebec.","authors":"Golden Welsh, Aimina Ayoub, Marianne Bilodeau-Bertrand, Antoine Lewin, Nathalie Auger","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00930-5","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00930-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In 2019, Quebec changed its stillbirth definition to include fetal deaths at 20 weeks gestation or more. Previously, the criterion was a minimum birth weight of 500 g. We assessed the impact of the new definition on stillbirth rates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective study of stillbirth rates between 2010 and 2021 in Quebec. The exposure consisted of the period during the new definition versus the preceding period. We assessed how the new definition affected stillbirth rates using interrupted time series regression, and compared the period during the new definition with the preceding period using prevalence differences and prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We determined the extent to which fetuses at the limit of viability (under 500 g or 20‒23 weeks) accounted for any increase in rates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Stillbirth rates went from 4.11 before the new definition to 6.76 per 1000 total births immediately after. Overall, the change in definition led to an absolute increase of 2.58 stillbirths per 1000 total births, for a prevalence ratio of 1.76 (95% CI 1.61‒1.92) compared with the preceding period. Fetal deaths due to congenital anomalies increased by 6.82 per 10,000 (95% CI 4.85‒8.78), while deaths due to pregnancy termination increased by 10.47 per 10,000 (95% CI 8.04‒12.89). Once the definition changed, 37% of stillbirths were under 500 g and 42% were between 20 and 23 weeks, with around half of these caused by congenital anomalies and terminations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Stillbirth rates increased after the definition changed in Quebec, mainly due to congenital anomalies and pregnancy terminations.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":"113-123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11870716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142300493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the role of industry lobbying on Canadian front-of-pack labelling regulations.","authors":"Jennifer J Lee, Emily R Ziraldo, Hayun Jeong, Mary R L'Abbé","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00950-1","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00950-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Health Canada recently issued a Marketing Authorization to expand the eligibility of the dairy-related exemption for Canadian front-of-pack labelling (FOPL) regulations. The 2024 Marketing Authorization exempts dairy-related products that are a 'source of calcium,' rather than only 'high in' calcium as previously regulated, from displaying a 'High in' front-of-pack nutrition symbol, regardless of their saturated fat and sodium levels. The Marketing Authorization, heavily influenced by the food industry, lacks strong scientific evidence to support its adoption. Although there is a high prevalence of inadequate calcium intakes among Canadians, the Marketing Authorization will exempt more dairy-related products that are significant contributors of saturated fat and sodium for Canadians. While providing very little calcium, many dairy-related products, particularly cheese products, are 'high in' saturated fat and/or sodium. Expanding the exemption criteria will allow dairy-related products with little health benefits to be reflected as 'healthy' (i.e., not display a 'High in' nutrition symbol), blunting the potential impact that FOPL regulations could have on improving the diets of Canadians. We strongly urge Health Canada to reconsider the expansion of the exemption and encourage others to conduct policy-relevant research and participate in the policy decision-making process to promote evidence-informed public health policies for the health of Canadians.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":"156-162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11867999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142407135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of algorithms to identify human immunodeficiency virus cases using administrative data in Manitoba.","authors":"Alexandrea J Anderson, Lisa Lix, Carla Loeppky, Paul Van Caeseele, John A Queenan, Alyson L Mahar","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00951-0","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00951-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Population-based administrative data are valuable for describing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cases, and their health status and outcomes. Our objective was to validate algorithms consisting of physician visits, hospitalizations, and antiretroviral prescriptions against positive confirmatory HIV laboratory tests to identify individuals living with HIV.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The primary validation cohort consisted of adult Manitoban residents with at least 3 years of health coverage between 2007 and 2018. Positive confirmatory HIV tests from the provincial laboratory were the reference standard. We evaluated 15 algorithms requiring 2 or 3 years of administrative data (hospital, physician, and prescription records) to ascertain cases. Seven measures of accuracy were estimated: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), Youden's J, kappa, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and their 95% confidence intervals. Validity was estimated for pregnant females.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The primary validation cohort included 966,507 individuals, of whom 1452 (0.2%) were HIV cases. Algorithm sensitivity ranged from 82.8% to 97.5%. PPV ranged from 51.8% to 97.8%. Youden's J ranged from 0.83 to 0.97. Kappa ranged from 0.68 to 0.93. AUC ranged from 0.91 to 0.99.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Researchers have a range of algorithms to ascertain HIV cases in administrative data; selection of an appropriate algorithm depends on the user goal. To maximize performance to distinguish HIV cases and non-cases while minimizing data requirements, an algorithm based on three or more physician visits in 2 years is recommended. Further validation in other provinces and territories will assess the generalizability of these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":"124-135"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11870711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142632379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Costs of medical evacuation and transportation of First Nations Peoples and Inuit who travel for medical care in Canada: A systematic review.","authors":"Majd Radhaa, Jennifer Leason, Aisha Twalibu, Erin Davis, Claire Dion Fletcher, Karen Lawford, Elizabeth Darling, Lloy Wylie, Carol Couchie, Diane Simon, Ava John-Baptiste","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00945-y","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00945-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>For First Nations people and Inuit who live on reserves or in rural and remote areas, a guideline requires their travel to urban centres once their pregnancy reaches 36-38 weeks gestation age to await labour and birth. While not encoded in Canadian legislation, this guideline-and invisible policy-is reinforced by the lack of alternatives. Research has repeatedly demonstrated the harm of obstetric evacuation, causing emotional, physical, and financial stress for pregnant and postpartum Indigenous women and people. Our objective was to describe the costs of obstetric evacuation, as reported in the literature.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic review using online searches of electronic databases (Ovid EMBASE, CINAHL, Ovid Healthstar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, PROSPERO, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) and identified studies that reported costs related to medical evacuation or transportation in rural and remote Indigenous communities. We performed critical appraisal of relevant studies.</p><p><strong>Synthesis: </strong>We identified 19 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The studies reported various types of cost, including direct, indirect, and intangible costs. Medical evacuation costs ranged from CAD $7714 to CAD $31,794. Indirect and intangible costs were identified, including lost income and lack of respect for cultural practices.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Costs associated with obstetric evacuation are high, with medical evacuation as the most expensive direct cost identified. Although we were able to identify a range of costs, information on financing and funding flows was unclear. Across Canada, additional research is required to understand the direct costs of obstetric evacuation to Indigenous Peoples and communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":"5-25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11867983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142407134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safeguarding against the degradation of Housing First.","authors":"Nick Kerman","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00984-5","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00984-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":"47-48"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11870718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canada's Census of Environment and public health.","authors":"Chris G Buse","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00954-x","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00954-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 2021 federal budget committed funding to a co-sponsored Statistics Canada and Environment and Climate Change Canada initiative aimed at conducting a 'census' of Canadian environments. The goal of the Census of Environment (CoE) is \"to deliver a full picture of the complex relationship between ecosystems and the economy, society, and human well-being\", with obvious implications for the ongoing monitoring and surveillance of environmental influence on human health. This commentary reflects on the evolution of the CoE initiative in describing two opportunities for population and public health researchers, practitioners, and policy-makers in engaging with the CoE and its data. First, it describes stated CoE commitments to enhancing access to complex environmental data and the provision of data processing to support novel analyses and data utilization. Second, it highlights the relative importance of disaggregating environmental data across a variety of bio-geographical scales to engender a holistic understanding of the health of multiple elements that comprise living systems, including consideration of environmental health equity and intersectoral action. It ends with a constructive critique of the CoE's framing of 'ecosystem accounting' to support its maturation, and advocates for public health involvement in centring the importance of health in this initiative into the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":"136-139"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11870717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142332140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The rise of anti-trans laws and the role of public health advocacy.","authors":"Marina Khonina, Travis Salway","doi":"10.17269/s41997-024-00942-1","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-024-00942-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The recent surge in anti-trans laws and policies in Canada and the United States has important public health implications, particularly for trans and gender-expansive (TGE) youth. This legislation has the potential to exacerbate minority stress experienced by TGE youth, who already experience higher rates of depression, anxiety, and suicide than their cisgender peers. Social gender affirmation, including respecting affirmed names and pronouns, can reduce the risk of adverse mental health outcomes in TGE youth. However, recent laws requiring parental consent for affirmed names and pronouns in schools can cause additional distress and harm for TGE youth, especially those who lack family support. Public health professionals have a critical role to play in countering the harmful effects of anti-trans legislation by better understanding TGE youth and their needs, advocating for trans rights, supporting trans-led community organizations, and strengthening trans-affirming mental health services.</p>","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":"97-99"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11870714/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Championing public health: Why CPHA needs you now.","authors":"Laura C Rosella","doi":"10.17269/s41997-025-01000-0","DOIUrl":"10.17269/s41997-025-01000-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51407,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11870710/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}