European Journal of Personality最新文献

{"title":"Big Five personality traits and voting: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and mega-analysis.","authors":"Alexander Georg Stahlmann, Christopher J Hopwood, Ulrich Orth, Luke David Smillie, Wiebke Bleidorn","doi":"10.1177/08902070251383955","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08902070251383955","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Voting is an important civic behavior that contributes to the vitality of democratic societies. Previous research indicates that personality traits play an important role in voting intentions and behavior, though findings are mixed due to insufficient statistical power and variability in methods and measures. This study synthesizes evidence from a systematic review, leveraging both meta-analysis and mega-analysis to estimate the associations between the Big Five personality traits and voting intentions and behavior. We drew data from 65,036 participants across 17 studies (meta-analysis) and 44,206 participants across 13 studies (mega-analysis). We estimated zero-order correlations between the Big Five traits and voting, and explored moderating effects of personality and voting measures, nationality, gender, and age. We found modest but robust correlations between the Big Five and voting, with effect sizes ranging from .05 to .10. People with stronger intentions to vote were less neurotic and more extraverted, open, agreeable, and conscientious. Low neuroticism was the only trait that predicted voting behavior. Results were somewhat more pronounced in non-U.S. samples. Together, these findings suggest that the Big Five, though modest in effect, are consistent predictors of voting. We discuss implications for future research and applications in fostering voting behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":51376,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Personality","volume":"40 3","pages":"545-572"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13089860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147724635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring individual differences in volitional personality state and trait change: The role of motivation and engagement during a 12-week intervention.","authors":"Gabriel Olaru, Mirjam Stieger, Christoph Flückiger, Brent W Roberts, Mathias Allemand","doi":"10.1177/08902070251374365","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08902070251374365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent studies suggest that personality traits can change through interventions, but little is known about what drives individual differences in intervention gains. Based on personality development and intervention frameworks, we examined whether achieved personality state changes explain differences in trait change and whether these could be explained by participants' motivation and intervention engagement. The study was based on a 12-week personality intervention with a total of 956 participants, daily and weekly state measures, and trait self- and observer-reports. Participants who showed stronger state deviations from the initial trait level changed more in their traits in the corresponding direction. Both state and trait changes were stronger if participants were more committed to their change goal, completed more implementation intentions, and enjoyed their implementations more (i.e., reinforcement). In contrast, the strength of the desire to change, expected attainability, and beliefs in the changeability of personality had no consistent effects-but individual differences were limited as most participants scored highly on these motivational aspects. The control group exhibited no mean-level changes or effects of any of these covariates. Taken together, these findings support key components of volitional change theories and can help guide future personalized intervention efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":51376,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Personality","volume":"40 3","pages":"675-693"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13089858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147724573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling non-linear personality change surrounding transitions: A review of statistical approaches.","authors":"Lisa Levelt, Joris Mulder, Nikki C Lee, Maike Luhmann, Jaap J A Denissen","doi":"10.1177/08902070251376407","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08902070251376407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Personality changes surrounding transitions in life circumstances are often non-linear, presenting challenges for statistical analysis. This paper therefore reviews approaches to modelling non-linear personality change surrounding transitions, aiming to guide readers in selecting and applying an approach that fits their objectives. Seven approaches were reviewed, including traditional mixed-effects methods, continuous-time dynamic models, and relatively novel data-driven techniques. Each approach is explained, outlining its strengths and limitations. The approaches' practical utility is assessed through a case study examining changes in life satisfaction surrounding widowhood, using LISS panel data. Interpretability and model fit are compared, and annotated R code is provided as a tutorial for implementation. Results highlighted the varied suitability of the mixed-effects approaches for studying different aspects of change. The data-driven techniques excelled in capturing average and person-specific trajectories, generalised effectively, and allowed interpretation of different change aspects than the mixed-effects approaches allowed for. Importantly, the approaches yielded distinct findings regarding life satisfaction changes surrounding widowhood, with theoretical implications. The paper concludes with practical recommendations for selecting and applying these approaches. By expanding the reader's statistical toolkit and providing an accessible overview, this resource supports the effective analysis of non-linear changes surrounding transitions, enabling a fuller understanding of personality change.</p>","PeriodicalId":51376,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Personality","volume":"40 3","pages":"725-751"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13089859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147724561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lifespan trajectories of negative and positive affect: A coordinated analysis of 14 longitudinal studies.","authors":"Gabrielle N Pfund, Emily D Bastarache, Emily C Willroth, Martijn Huisman, Avron Spiro, Jing Luo, Eileen K Graham, Daniel K Mroczek","doi":"10.1177/08902070241293967","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08902070241293967","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lifespan developmental theories suggest age-related shifts in motivation, cognition, emotion regulation, and stressor experience lead to changes in mean levels of negative and positive affect across the lifespan. The present research used coordinated data analysis to examine mean-level affective trajectories in 186,752 participants ranging from 11-104 years old across 14 longitudinal studies. Random-effects models were used to estimate meta-analytic effect sizes. On average, negative affect decreased until early older adulthood, and then remained stable throughout older adulthood. Meanwhile, positive affect remained stable across most of the younger and middle-aged adult lifespan, before starting its descent in later middle-aged adulthood and continuing to decline throughout older adulthood. Studies with older samples showed a clearer flattening effect of negative affect and steeper decline of positive affect in late-life relative to younger samples. These findings suggest that lifespan developmental affect trajectories are nuanced and not a direct inverse of each other.</p>","PeriodicalId":51376,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Personality","volume":"39 5","pages":"747-769"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12610940/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145514951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Associations between Personality Traits and Cognitive Complaints in Midlife and Older Age Across 20 Years.","authors":"Damaris Aschwanden, Mathias Allemand, Matthias Kliegel, Angelina R Sutin, Martina Luchetti, Yannick Stephan, Oliver Schilling, Hans-Werner Wahl, Gabriel Olaru, Antonio Terracciano","doi":"10.1177/08902070241272247","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08902070241272247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cross-sectional work suggests that higher neuroticism and lower conscientiousness are consistently related to more subjective cognitive complaints. Little is known about the longitudinal associations. We used data from the Interdisciplinary Longitudinal Study of Adult Development to examine how personality and cognitive complaints jointly unfolded over 20 years. Participants came from a midlife (<i>n</i> = 502, M_age = 43.7) and an older age group (<i>n</i> = 500, M_age = 62.5). Random-intercept cross-lagged panel models were used to test the personality-complaints associations at the between-person and within-person levels. Analyses controlled for gender, education, subjective health, objective health, and memory. At the between-person level, higher neuroticism and lower conscientiousness were associated with more cognitive complaints over 20 years, and these associations were stronger in older than middle-aged adults. Among older adults, lower extraversion, openness, and agreeableness were longitudinally associated with more cognitive complaints. At the within-person level, all five traits were concurrently related to cognitive complaints, with small to medium-sized effects, but not across all measurement occasions. Few cross-lagged effects were found, with no consistent pattern across time or age cohorts. This work provides longitudinal evidence of personality-complaints associations and suggests that these associations varied more across individuals than within individuals over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":51376,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Personality","volume":"39 4","pages":"478-497"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12782213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wherefore art thou competitors? How situational affordances help differentiate among prosociality, individualism, and competition.","authors":"Yi Liu, Adam W Stivers, Ryan O Murphy, Niels J Van Doesum, Jeff Joireman, Marcello Gallucci, Efrat Aharonov-Majar, Ursula Athenstaedt, Liying Bai, Robert Böhm, Nancy R Buchan, Xiao-Ping Chen, Kitty B Dumont, Jan B Engelmann, Kimmo Eriksson, Hyun Euh, Susann Fiedler, Justin Friesen, Simon Gächter, Camilo Garcia, Roberto González, Sylvie Graf, Katarzyna Growiec, Martina Hřebíčková, Gokhan Karagonlar, Toko Kiyonari, Yu Kou, D Michael Kuhlman, Siugmin Lay, Geoffrey J Leonardelli, Norman P Li, Yang Li, Boris Maciejovsky, Zoi Manesi, Ali Mashuri, Aurelia Mok, Karin S Moser, Adrian Netedu, Chandrasekhar Pammi, Michael J Platow, Christopher P Reinders Folmer, Cecilia Reyna, Cláudia Simão, Sonja Utz, Leander van der Meij, Sven Waldzus, Yiwen Wang, Bernd Weber, Ori Weisel, Tim Wildschut, Fabian Winter, Junhui Wu, Jose C Yong, Paul A M Van Lange","doi":"10.1177/08902070241298850","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08902070241298850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Triple Dominance Measure (choosing between prosocial, individualistic, and competitive options) and the Slider Measure (\"sliding\" between various orientations, for example, from individualistic to prosocial) are two widely used techniques to measure social value orientation, that is, the weight individuals assign to own and others' outcomes in interdependent situations. Surprisingly, there is only moderate correspondence between these measures, but it is unclear why and what the implications are for identifying individual differences in social value orientation. Using a dataset of 8021 participants from 31 countries and regions, this study revealed that the Slider Measure identified fewer competitors than the Triple Dominance Measure, accounting for approximately one-third of the non-correspondence between the two measures. This is (partially) because many of the Slider items do not afford a competitive option. In items where competition is combined with individualism, competitors tended to make the same choices as individualists. Futhermore, we demonstrated the uniqueness of competitors. Compared to prosocials <i>and</i> individualists, competitors exhibited lower levels of both social mindfulness and trust. Overall, the present work highlights the importance of situational affordances in measuring personality, the benefits of distinguishing between individualists and competitors, and the importance of utilizing a measure that distinguishes between these two proself orientations.</p>","PeriodicalId":51376,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Personality","volume":"40 1","pages":"24-45"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13033367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147583088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Value incoherence precedes value change: Evidence from value development in childhood and adolescence across cultures.","authors":"Ella Daniel, Anat Bardi, Julie A Lee, Ricarda Scholz-Kuhn, Einat Elizarov, Jan Cieciuch, Ariel Knafo-Noam, Alice Ramos, Michele Vecchione, Rene Algesheimer, Evelia Murcia Alvarez, Avital Ben Dror Lankry, Maya Benish-Weisman, Ricardo Borges Rodrigues, Anat Chomsky, Patricia R Collins, Eldad Davidov, Anna K Döring, Stefanie Habermann, Dana Katsoty, Martin Kindschi, Elena Makarova, Gilda Marsicano, Kinneret Misgav, Thomas P Oeschger, Leonor Pereira da Costa, Joanne Sneddon, Iva Tendais, Louise Twito-Weingarten","doi":"10.1177/08902070241289969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08902070241289969","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We test the theory that personality incoherence may instigate personality change in the context of personal values. Values' near-universal organization makes value incoherence assessment straightforward. The study included 13 longitudinal samples from seven cultures (Australia, Israel Palestinian citizens, Israel Jewish majority, Italy, Poland, Portugal, and Switzerland), total <i>N</i> = 7,126, and T1 <i>M</i> _<i>age</i> ranging between 6 and 18. Each participant reported values between two- and six-times. Using unfolding analysis, we calculated the fit of the internal value structure of each participant at the first time point to the value structure in their sample (normative structure) and to the theoretical structure of values. We estimated value change using Growth Curve Modeling (when at least three measurement times were available) and the difference between T1 and T2 in each sample. We correlated value incoherence with value change and estimated the effect across samples using a meta-analysis. Incoherence with the structure of values predicted greater value change. The associations were stronger when participant's value structures were compared to the normative value structure at T1 than when they were compared to the theoretical structure. A meta-regression analysis indicated that effects were not moderated by age. We discuss possible underlying processes and implications for personality development.</p>","PeriodicalId":51376,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Personality","volume":"39 5","pages":"677-696"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13038160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of very preterm birth on the Five-Factor Model of personality traits: A meta-analysis of individual participant data.","authors":"Yiwen Liu, Anu Realo, Marina Mendonça, Nicole Baumann, Peter Bartmann, Katri Räikkönen, Kati Heinonen, Rachel Robinson, Neil Marlow, Samantha Johnson, Yanyan Ni, Eero Kajantie, Petteri Hovi, Marjaana Tikanmäki, Dieter Wolke","doi":"10.1177/08902070241280101","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08902070241280101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is mixed evidence on personality differences among those born very preterm or with very low birth weight (VP/VLBW). This meta-analysis of individual participant data aimed to examine differences in personality traits between VP/VLBW (<i>n</i> = 568) and term-born (<i>n</i> = 1,060) adults, and the role of neonatal characteristics and neurosensory impairments in childhood, which have not been previously investigated. Six studies were identified from two research consortia and a systematic search of the literature (PubMed and Scopus); studies were eligible if they included VP/VLBW and term-born adults followed from birth and assessed personality using the Five-Factor Model. Risk of bias (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale) was generally not a concern apart from the use of self-reported measures and the rate of follow-up. Using a one-stage approach, VP/VLBW scored lower on extraversion and openness and higher on neuroticism and agreeableness than term-born participants after adjusting for sex and parental education. Within the VP/VLBW group, those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia scored lower on extraversion and higher on neuroticism, with similar findings after removing participants with neurosensory impairments. Altogether, these findings suggest that a proportion of the effect of VP/VLBW birth on personality may be attributed to neonatal morbidities and altered brain development, although other confounding factors require further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":51376,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Personality","volume":"39 4","pages":"498-517"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13029488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147576567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From theory to research: Interpretational guidelines, statistical guidance, and a shiny app for the model of excellencism and perfectionism","authors":"Patrick Gaudreau, Benjamin J. I. Schellenberg, Matthew Quesnel","doi":"10.1177/08902070231221478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08902070231221478","url":null,"abstract":"After decades of research and debates about whether perfectionism is healthy or unhealthy, the Model of Excellencism and Perfectionism (MEP) recently differentiated between people striving for high standards (excellence strivers) and those pursuing perfectionistic standards (perfection strivers). In this study, we devised and tested an interpretational framework of nine scenarios to help determine whether perfectionism is beneficial, unneeded, or harmful by comparing the outcomes of excellence and perfection strivers. In a cross-sectional study with university students ( N = 271; Study 1), we found that perfection strivers savor positive school events less and have greater dropout intentions than excellence strivers. In a prospective/longitudinal design with college-aged athletes ( N = 296; Study 2), perfectionism was associated with higher athletic achievement. However, perfection strivers who failed to attain their goals experienced lower savoring and enjoyment than excellence strivers. Our findings highlighted the value of our interpretational scenarios as a hub to facilitate the comparison of MEP findings, while showing how to test MEP hypotheses with five popular statistical analyses. Furthermore, the MEP Shiny App is a valuable contribution to expedite the process of comparing the outcomes of excellence and perfection strivers. Overall, this research forged a substantive-methodological pathway that strengthens and enhances the practicality of the MEP.","PeriodicalId":51376,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Personality","volume":"101 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138958755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The complexity of the pursuit of happiness is associated with the success of well-being related behaviors in everyday life","authors":"Julia Krasko, S. Intelisano, Maike Luhmann","doi":"10.1177/08902070231220970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08902070231220970","url":null,"abstract":"Can people choose to be happy? To date we have no definite answer to this very old question. In this paper, we introduced and tested a new theoretical model of the pursuit of happiness in which we integrated individual happiness definitions, happiness-related intentions, and happiness-enhancing activities. Further, we tested different characteristics of happiness-enhancing activities that have previously been discussed in the literature as potentially relevant for the successful pursuit of happiness: the breadth (i.e., how many different facets of happiness are positively affected by one single activity), variety (i.e., how many different happiness-enhancing activities people conduct in daily life), and frequency (i.e., overall number) of happiness-enhancing activities. The results of an experience sampling study ( N = 473; 2815 daily-level data points) support our preregistered hypotheses: Individual definitions of happiness were predictive of intentions and well-being related behaviors in everyday life. Further, the engagement in broader and a higher number of happiness-enhancing activities was associated with higher levels of daily well-being. The variety of happiness-enhancing activities, however, did not predict daily well-being. Overall, we demonstrated that defining and pursuing happiness in a multifaceted manner is related to higher levels of well-being.","PeriodicalId":51376,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Personality","volume":" 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138963740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}