Philosophy & Technology最新文献_第2页

How Do Technological Artefacts Embody Moral Values? 科技产品如何体现道德价值?

Philosophy & Technology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-05-15 DOI: 10.1007/s13347-020-00401-y

Michael Klenk

引用次数: 1

Ethical Issues in Democratizing Digital Phenotypes and Machine Learning in the Next Generation of Digital Health Technologies. 民主化数字表型和机器学习在下一代数字健康技术中的伦理问题。

Philosophy & Technology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-03-21 DOI: 10.1007/s13347-021-00445-8

Maurice D Mulvenna, Raymond Bond, Jack Delaney, Fatema Mustansir Dawoodbhoy, Jennifer Boger, Courtney Potts, Robin Turkington

{"title":"Ethical Issues in Democratizing Digital Phenotypes and Machine Learning in the Next Generation of Digital Health Technologies.","authors":"Maurice D Mulvenna, Raymond Bond, Jack Delaney, Fatema Mustansir Dawoodbhoy, Jennifer Boger, Courtney Potts, Robin Turkington","doi":"10.1007/s13347-021-00445-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-021-00445-8","url":null,"abstract":"Digital phenotyping is the term given to the capturing and use of user log data from health and wellbeing technologies used in apps and cloud-based services. This paper explores ethical issues in making use of digital phenotype data in the arena of digital health interventions. Products and services based on digital wellbeing technologies typically include mobile device apps as well as browser-based apps to a lesser extent, and can include telephony-based services, text-based chatbots, and voice-activated chatbots. Many of these digital products and services are simultaneously available across many channels in order to maximize availability for users. Digital wellbeing technologies offer useful methods for real-time data capture of the interactions of users with the products and services. It is possible to design what data are recorded, how and where it may be stored, and, crucially, how it can be analyzed to reveal individual or collective usage patterns. The paper also examines digital phenotyping workflows, before enumerating the ethical concerns pertaining to different types of digital phenotype data, highlighting ethical considerations for collection, storage, and use of the data. A case study of a digital health app is used to illustrate the ethical issues. The case study explores the issues from a perspective of data prospecting and subsequent machine learning. The ethical use of machine learning and artificial intelligence on digital phenotype data and the broader issues in democratizing machine learning and artificial intelligence for digital phenotype data are then explored in detail.","PeriodicalId":513391,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy & Technology","volume":"34 4","pages":"1945-1960"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s13347-021-00445-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25525517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Trump, Parler, and Regulating the Infosphere as Our Commons. 特朗普、帕勒和把信息圈作为我们的共同资源来管理。

Philosophy & Technology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-03-08 DOI: 10.1007/s13347-021-00446-7

Luciano Floridi

引用次数: 14

Control and Ownership of Neuroprosthetic Speech. 神经假肢语言的控制和所有权。

Philosophy & Technology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-01-22 DOI: 10.1007/s13347-019-00389-0

Hannah Maslen, Stephen Rainey

{"title":"Control and Ownership of Neuroprosthetic Speech.","authors":"Hannah Maslen, Stephen Rainey","doi":"10.1007/s13347-019-00389-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13347-019-00389-0","url":null,"abstract":"Implantable brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are being developed to restore speech capacity for those who are unable to speak. Patients with locked-in syndrome or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis could be able to use covert speech - vividly imagining saying something without actual vocalisation - to trigger neural controlled systems capable of synthesising speech. User control has been identified as particularly pressing for this type of BCI. The incorporation of machine learning and statistical language models into the decoding process introduces a contribution to (or 'shaping of') the output that is beyond the user's control. Whilst this type of 'shared control' of BCI action is not unique to speech BCIs, the automated shaping of what a user 'says' has a particularly acute ethical dimension, which may differ from parallel concerns surrounding automation in movement BCIs. This paper provides an analysis of the control afforded to the user of a speech BCI of the sort under development, as well as the relationships between accuracy, control, and the user's ownership of the speech produced. Through comparing speech BCIs with BCIs for movement, we argue that, whilst goal selection is the more significant locus of control for the user of a movement BCI, control over process will be more significant for the user of the speech BCI. The design of the speech BCI may therefore have to trade off some possible efficiency gains afforded by automation in order to preserve sufficient guidance control necessary for users to express themselves in ways they prefer. We consider the implications for the speech BCI user's responsibility for produced outputs and their ownership of token outputs. We argue that these are distinct assessments. Ownership of synthetic speech concerns whether the content of the output sufficiently represents the user, rather than their morally relevant, causal role in producing that output.","PeriodicalId":513391,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy & Technology","volume":"34 3","pages":"425-445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8550345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39832694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Detecting Fake News: Two Problems for Content Moderation. 检测假新闻:内容审核的两个问题。

Philosophy & Technology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-02-11 DOI: 10.1007/s13347-021-00442-x

Elizabeth Stewart

引用次数: 20

Overcoming Barriers to Cross-cultural Cooperation in AI Ethics and Governance 克服人工智能伦理与管理中的跨文化合作障碍

Philosophy & Technology Pub Date : 2020-05-15 DOI: 10.1007/s13347-020-00402-x

Seán S. ÓhÉigeartaigh, Jess Whittlestone, Yang Liu, Yi Zeng, Zhe Liu