Philosophy & TechnologyPub Date : 2017-01-01Epub Date: 2017-05-11DOI: 10.1007/s13347-017-0260-8
Chris Reed, Katarzyna Budzynska, Rory Duthie, Mathilde Janier, Barbara Konat, John Lawrence, Alison Pease, Mark Snaith
{"title":"The Argument Web: an Online Ecosystem of Tools, Systems and Services for Argumentation.","authors":"Chris Reed, Katarzyna Budzynska, Rory Duthie, Mathilde Janier, Barbara Konat, John Lawrence, Alison Pease, Mark Snaith","doi":"10.1007/s13347-017-0260-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-017-0260-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Argument Web is maturing as both a platform built upon a synthesis of many contemporary theories of argumentation in philosophy and also as an ecosystem in which various applications and application components are contributed by different research groups around the world. It already hosts the largest publicly accessible corpora of argumentation and has the largest number of interoperable and cross compatible tools for the analysis, navigation and evaluation of arguments across a broad range of domains, languages and activity types. Such interoperability is key in allowing innovative combinations of tool and data reuse that can further catalyse the development of the field of computational argumentation. The aim of this paper is to summarise the key foundations, the recent advances and the goals of the Argument Web, with a particular focus on demonstrating the relevance to, and roots in, philosophical argumentation theory.</p>","PeriodicalId":513391,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy & Technology","volume":"30 2","pages":"137-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s13347-017-0260-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37615139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Philosophy & TechnologyPub Date : 2012-12-01Epub Date: 2012-07-05DOI: 10.1007/s13347-012-0081-8
Brian D Earp, Anders Sandberg, Julian Savulescu
{"title":"Natural Selection, Childrearing, and the Ethics of Marriage (and Divorce): Building a Case for the Neuroenhancement of Human Relationships.","authors":"Brian D Earp, Anders Sandberg, Julian Savulescu","doi":"10.1007/s13347-012-0081-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13347-012-0081-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We argue that the fragility of contemporary marriages-and the corresponding high rates of divorce-can be explained (in large part) by a three-part mismatch: between our relationship values, our evolved psychobiological natures, and our modern social, physical, and technological environment. \"Love drugs\" could help address this mismatch by boosting our psychobiologies while keeping our values and our environment intact. While individual couples should be free to use pharmacological interventions to sustain and improve their romantic connection, we suggest that they may have an obligation to do so as well, in certain cases. Specifically, we argue that couples with offspring may have a special responsibility to enhance their relationships for the sake of their children. We outline an evolutionarily informed research program for identifying promising biomedical enhancements of love and commitment.</p>","PeriodicalId":513391,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy & Technology","volume":"25 4","pages":"561-587"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3510696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31111234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Philosophy & TechnologyPub Date : 2012-12-01Epub Date: 2012-02-28DOI: 10.1007/s13347-012-0066-7
Bennett Foddy
{"title":"The Right and Wrong of Growing Old: Assessing the Argument from Evolution.","authors":"Bennett Foddy","doi":"10.1007/s13347-012-0066-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-012-0066-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One argument which is frequently levelled against the enhancement of human biology is that we do not understand the evolved function of our bodies well enough to meddle in our biology without producing unintended and potentially catastrophic effects. In particular, this argument is levelled against attempts to slow or eliminate the processes of human ageing, or 'senescence', which cause us to grow decrepit before we die. In this article, I claim that even if this argument could usefully be applied against attempts to enhance other human traits, it cannot be valid in the case of attempts to enhance the various processes that constitute senescence. I begin by reviewing the biology of ageing to show how it consists of a number of unrelated traits. Then, following the arguments of a number of evolutionary biologists, I explain that every one of these traits is a product of evolutionary 'neglect' rather than 'intent'. Finally, I consider the strongest version of the argument against enhancing senescence, which acknowledges these facts about the evolution of ageing but insists that we have nevertheless have prudential reasons to avoid enhancement wherever there is some uncertainty about the genetics or evolutionary function of a trait. I provide two reasons for rejecting this version of the argument as well, even in the case of human senescence, where such uncertainty is currently significant.</p>","PeriodicalId":513391,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy & Technology","volume":"25 4","pages":"547-560"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s13347-012-0066-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31228314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}