{"title":"[Group therapy in anorexia nervosa (apropos of a literature review)].","authors":"B Richard","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Group therapy is based on mediated interindividual relationships and therefore represents a serious challenge for the treatment of anorexia nervosa patients, because the first effect of this type of treatment is to exacerbate relational difficulties. Nevertheless, starting after the crisis period, group therapy has demonstrated its interest in a multimodal intervention and its relevance as a treatment associated with individual therapy. The author regrets that this technique is rarely used and suggests that its rejection is based on a priori opinions more than on actual experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":513375,"journal":{"name":"La psychiatrie de l'enfant","volume":"34 1","pages":"285-302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13105788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Some insights on the history of children's drawings].","authors":"A Chevrier","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Both children's use of drawings and their interpretation in psychopathology have a history and even a pre-history. The author comments on the few drawn documents he could gather concerning the latter. He examines the birth of children drawings in psychology, psychiatry and education at the end of the XIXth century and the turn of the XXth. He finally recalls the first traces of its use by psychoanalysis, mainly in France. Some excursi are joined relative to the conditions of discovery of pre-historic art, to the relationship between modern art and child \"primitivism\", and to the themes of child drawings within cartoons.</p>","PeriodicalId":513375,"journal":{"name":"La psychiatrie de l'enfant","volume":"34 2","pages":"497-541"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12960822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[The development of attachment according to the temperament of the newborn].","authors":"G Balleyguier","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>What is the relation between infant temperament and the quality of attachment to the mother at one year? A longitudinal study found that irritable babies develop an anxious attachment at one year. However, the study of the mother-infant interactions showed that temperament at birth influences the mother's attitude, in the sense that she became less sensitive. This in turn may explain the child's anxious attachment. During a second study, interventions were made with the aim to heighten the maternal sensitivity. When compared to a control group, mothers of the first group became more sensitive, and their child developed a more secure attachment. These results lead to two theoretical questions. Is temperament stable? Can the mother's attitude, which shows through her interactions, modify the child's temperament? In this case, temperament should be considered, not as a fixed characteristic, but as the emotional organization which can be influenced by the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":513375,"journal":{"name":"La psychiatrie de l'enfant","volume":"34 2","pages":"641-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12960823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[\"Experimental psychoanalysis\" in newborns].","authors":"R Angelergues","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The author discusses some methodological and theoretical problems in the study of early interactions between the infant and it's environment--and first with it's mother--in experimental settings and in clinical practice. How to safeguard, in this major scientific issue, the notion of \"psychic causality\"? How to approach and describe it?</p>","PeriodicalId":513375,"journal":{"name":"La psychiatrie de l'enfant","volume":"34 1","pages":"123-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13106604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P Jeammet, G Brechon, C Payan, A Gorge, J Fermanian
{"title":"[The outcome of anorexia nervosa: a prospective study of 129 patients evaluated at least 4 years after their first admission].","authors":"P Jeammet, G Brechon, C Payan, A Gorge, J Fermanian","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is a follow-up study with an interval of 4 to 20 years (mean: 11 years) of 146 cases of anorexia nervosa of which 129 could be contacted. The investigation is based on various measures: BPRS scale, HSCL, a chart of clinical assessment made by the examiner (10 items), a global self-evaluation by the patient, a clinical interview. Results and factors of prognosis are discussed. Our findings stress the importance of good outcome on a long term basis but also the potential severity of anorexia nervosa with both a death risk and a risk of chronicity. It becomes obvious that the major challenge of anorectic conduct are the residual disturbances of the personality. These disturbances are mainly difficulties in investing and the antagonism between the objectal inclination of these patients and the need to protect their narcissistic balance. A posteriori we understand the defensive meaning of the anorectic conduct and its value as a reorganizing of objectal relations. The psychopathological significance of this conduct, its stakes and its therapeutical consequences are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":513375,"journal":{"name":"La psychiatrie de l'enfant","volume":"34 2","pages":"381-442"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12960820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Interactions of the infant with its partners: evaluation of preventive and therapeutic approaches].","authors":"M Lamour, S Lebovici","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interactions between the infant and its partners are defined and described on three levels: behavior, affect, fantasy, with a special focus on the functioning of the infant. The dynamics of the parent/infant relationships are analyzed along transactional theories: the infant and its partners influence each other in a constant process of developing and changing. Together with acknowledging the baby's active role in the relation, we seek better understanding of how the infant shapes up throughout transactions. Different assessment methods of the interactions are analyzed both within a clinical framework and a research framework, and examples of assessment format are given. The transactional perspective in clinical practice with the infant introduces a new model for understanding the pathogenesis of relational disturbances. It appears necessary to conceptualize a specific nosology of interactive pathology, beyond the reference to parental or infant pathology; we thus propose a classification of interactive disturbances by integrating the three levels (behavior, affect, fantasy). The aim of this investigation of interactions, based on an attempt to synthetize anglo-saxon and european research in the field, is to outline a new perspective in clinical concepts and practice which is not solely focused on the description of behaviors in infant interactions with its partners. This viewpoint, resolutely psychopathological in its orientation, implies an empathic approach which leads to important therapeutic changes and legitimizes early preventive interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":513375,"journal":{"name":"La psychiatrie de l'enfant","volume":"34 1","pages":"171-275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13105786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[The concept of \"amae\"].","authors":"T Doi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A concept deriving from the Japanese word amae is introduced as that which bridges dependence and attachment, two conceptually different states. The word primarily refers to what an infant feels when it seeks mother, but it can be predicated of an adult to indicate the presence of a similar feeling of being emotionally close to another. Significantly, the feeling of amae is not mediated by words, though it can be acknowledged as such on reflection. Also, when frustrated, it can easily lead to a desire for such a feeling. Two popular stories, one French and the other American, are cited to illustrate the existence of amae, in fact its central importance, even in non-Japanese contexts. The psychology of keeping pets can also be understood in terms of amae. It is thus maintained that though the concept comes from Japanese, it is universally applicable and can shed a new light on the emotional life which has been the main target of psychoanalytic investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":513375,"journal":{"name":"La psychiatrie de l'enfant","volume":"34 1","pages":"277-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13105787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Developmental psychopathology and psychoanalysis].","authors":"Y Gauthier","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In face of the apparent contradiction between psychoanalysis and observational-experimental methods, the author briefly summarizes the input of direct observation to the knowledge of child development and suggests that the reservations of many psychoanalysts to these methods may be explained by the greater importance given to external events in such research, as if the causal role of fantasy was thus being questioned. The author further reviews most recent experimental works, particularly those around the concepts of \"competence of the infant\", \"self\", \"attachment and security\", and suggests that the main object of these research endeavors more and more concerns the foundations and origins of the child's fantasy life. Other recent experimental works bring out the continuity between the observations made during the first year of the child's life and those made of these children now up to the age of six. The author comes to the conclusion that the whole of these observational and experimental works, far from contradicting psychoanalytic hypotheses based on reconstruction, confirms institutions and hypotheses which have become essential to psychoanalysis, particularly concerning the importance of the child's first year of life and of mother-child interaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":513375,"journal":{"name":"La psychiatrie de l'enfant","volume":"34 1","pages":"5-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13105790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Early disturbances of development and their impact on the goals of analysis: symbolization and the establishment of the therapeutic alliance].","authors":"V Mächtlinger","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The author examines some early disturbances in the capacity of some patients to become aware of their psychic and affective states. These exert a profound effect on the establishment of the treatment alliance and the ability to communicate with the analyst. She compares the difficulties sometimes encountered by child analysts, working with small children who do not communicate mainly verbally, with those encountered with adults whose awareness of their mental processes and affects reveal grave disturbances. Examples are given of patients who make extreme use of metaphor and/or symbolic enactments in the analytic situation for purposes of communication with the analyst.</p>","PeriodicalId":513375,"journal":{"name":"La psychiatrie de l'enfant","volume":"34 2","pages":"443-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12888491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}