Flexible and Printed Electronics最新文献_第2页

Flexo-printed polymer waveguides for integration in electro-optical circuit boards 用于集成到光电电路板中的柔性印刷聚合物波导

IF 3.1 4区工程技术

Flexible and Printed Electronics Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1088/2058-8585/ad5c7b

Andreas Evertz, Jonathan Pleuß, Birger Reitz and Ludger Overmeyer

{"title":"Flexo-printed polymer waveguides for integration in electro-optical circuit boards","authors":"Andreas Evertz, Jonathan Pleuß, Birger Reitz and Ludger Overmeyer","doi":"10.1088/2058-8585/ad5c7b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-8585/ad5c7b","url":null,"abstract":"Electro-optical circuit boards (EOCBs) offer great potential for short-ranged data transmission in highly electro-magnetic inflicted environments. Finding a cost-efficient way to manufacture EOCB only using additive printing processes could establish, increase, and secure data transmission in PCB systems. Flexo printing is an efficient manufacturing process that combines high contour resolution and layout flexibility to create optical waveguides. Previous research has shown that printing waveguides on a polymethylmethacrylate substrate can enable optical data transmission for up to 20 cm. However, a thermo-resistant polyimide (PI) substrate is needed to integrate printed waveguides into PCB. Since PI does not meet optical demands, waveguide cores must be separated by printed optical cladding. This research aims to investigate the additive printing process, which stacks various polymers to achieve waveguides that are ready for integration. Further, the integration in PCB is validated according to functional testing of the optical structures. An entire manufacturing process for printed EOCB is presented, which enables the investigation of optical coupling processes in upcoming research.","PeriodicalId":51335,"journal":{"name":"Flexible and Printed Electronics","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141552844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inkjet-printed low temperature co-fired ceramics: process development for customized LTCC 喷墨打印低温共烧陶瓷：定制 LTCC 的工艺开发

IF 3.1 4区工程技术

Flexible and Printed Electronics Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1088/2058-8585/ad59b3

Jonas Jäger, Martin Ihle, Kerstin Gläser and André Zimmermann

{"title":"Inkjet-printed low temperature co-fired ceramics: process development for customized LTCC","authors":"Jonas Jäger, Martin Ihle, Kerstin Gläser and André Zimmermann","doi":"10.1088/2058-8585/ad59b3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-8585/ad59b3","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the utilization of digital printing technologies for the fabrication of low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC). LTCC offer great opportunities for applications such as antennas, sensors or actuators due to their outstanding properties like low dielectric loss, low permittivity, low coefficient of thermal expansion and at the same time high reliability in harsh environments (heat, humidity, and radiation). LTCC are multilayer circuits that are typically functionalized by screen-printing. This publication investigates the replacement of screen-printing by digital printing processes, such as inkjet and Aerosol Jet printing, to facilitate a more resource-friendly and customizable manufacturing of LTCC. The use of digital printing technologies not only streamlines small-scale productions and development processes but also offers the advantage of achieving miniaturization down to single-digit microns. In this publication, digital printing processes, filling of vias, lamination processes, co-firing at 850 °C and printing on fired LTCC were investigated. Three layers of nanoparticle silver ink were printed on green LTCC tape and 100% of the embedded printed structures were conductive after co-firing. Filling of vias with inkjet printing was investigated and the most important process parameters were found to be the clustering of vias, the amount of active nozzles and the substrate temperature. Printing on fired LTCC demonstrated high precision, and sintering at 600 °C achieved strong adhesion of printed structures to LTCC. These successful findings culminate in presenting a process chain for fully maskless structured, multilayer LTCC.","PeriodicalId":51335,"journal":{"name":"Flexible and Printed Electronics","volume":"277 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141508886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flexible, self-healing, and degradable polymeric dielectrics cross-linked through metal–ligand for resistive memory device 通过金属配体交联的柔性、自愈合和可降解聚合物电介质用于电阻式存储器件

IF 3.1 4区工程技术

Flexible and Printed Electronics Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1088/2058-8585/ad5028

Yu-Chi Chang, Yi-Yun Liang and Hao-Jung Liu

{"title":"Flexible, self-healing, and degradable polymeric dielectrics cross-linked through metal–ligand for resistive memory device","authors":"Yu-Chi Chang, Yi-Yun Liang and Hao-Jung Liu","doi":"10.1088/2058-8585/ad5028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-8585/ad5028","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to self-heal is a crucial feature in nature, where living organisms can repair themselves when subjected to minor injuries. With an increasing emphasis on environmental sustainability, the concept of biomimetic self-healing polymeric materials has emerged as a prominent trend, promising to significantly extend the lifespan and reliability of products. Studies have shown that one-third of proteins in living organisms require metal cofactors to function properly. It is known that protein-metal interactions can enhance the performance of certain biomaterials, and different choices of metals and ligands can create diverse material properties, influencing characteristics such as hardness, toughness, adhesion, and self-healing abilities. Gelatin is a natural polymer derived from the hydrolysis of collagen, and its unique amino acid structure has led to a wide range of applications. In this research, by introducing aluminum ions that form metal coordination complexes with the carboxyl groups in gelatin, an elastic network with self-healing properties was constructed. This gelatin-based material was utilized as an insulating layer in resistive switching devices. Furthermore, by employing a gelatin substrate of the same composition, the device demonstrated strong interfacial adhesion. The device based on the self-healing gelatin film exhibited excellent electrical performance and mechanical properties. Even after self-healing, it maintained a high ON/OFF ratio of up to 105 and a concentrated distribution of switching parameters. Supported by compelling physical and electrical evidence, this study showcases significant development opportunities for biomimetic materials in green electronic devices.","PeriodicalId":51335,"journal":{"name":"Flexible and Printed Electronics","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141508887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

All inkjet-printed organic solar cells on 3D objects 三维物体上的所有喷墨打印有机太阳能电池

IF 3.1 4区工程技术

Flexible and Printed Electronics Pub Date : 2024-06-19 DOI: 10.1088/2058-8585/ad50e7

Marc Steinberger, Andreas Distler, Johannes Hörber, Kai Cheong Tam, Christoph J Brabec and Hans-Joachim Egelhaaf

{"title":"All inkjet-printed organic solar cells on 3D objects","authors":"Marc Steinberger, Andreas Distler, Johannes Hörber, Kai Cheong Tam, Christoph J Brabec and Hans-Joachim Egelhaaf","doi":"10.1088/2058-8585/ad50e7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-8585/ad50e7","url":null,"abstract":"Drop-on-demand inkjet printing is a promising and commercially relevant technology for producing organic electronic devices of arbitrary shape on a wide variety of different substrates. In this work we transfer the inkjet printing process of organic photovoltaic devices from 2D to 3D substrates, using a 5-axis robot system equipped with a multi-nozzle inkjet printing unit. We present a ready-to-use 3D printing system for industrial application, using a 5-axis motion system controlled by commercial 3D motion software, combined with a commonly used multi-nozzle inkjet print head controlled by the corresponding printing software. The very first time inkjet-printed solar cells on glass/ITO with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 7% are realized on a 3D object with surfaces tilted by angles of up to 60° against the horizontal direction. Undesired ink flow during deposition of the inkjet-printed layers was avoided by proper ink formulation. In order to be able to print organic (opto-)electronic devices also on substrates without sputtered indium tin oxide bottom electrode, the bottom electrode was inkjet-printed from silver nanoparticle (AgNP) ink, resulting in the first all inkjet-printed (i.e. including bottom electrode) solar cell on a 3D object ever with a record PCE of 2.5%. This work paves the way for functionalizing even complex objects, such as cars, mobile phones, or ‘Internet of Things’ applications with inkjet-printed (opto-)electronic devices.","PeriodicalId":51335,"journal":{"name":"Flexible and Printed Electronics","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141508888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improving durability and electrical performance of flexible printed e-textile conductors via domestic ironing 通过家用熨烫提高柔性印刷电子织物导体的耐用性和电气性能

IF 3.1 4区工程技术

Flexible and Printed Electronics Pub Date : 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.1088/2058-8585/ad517d

Abiodun Komolafe, Steve Beeby, Russel Torah

{"title":"Improving durability and electrical performance of flexible printed e-textile conductors via domestic ironing","authors":"Abiodun Komolafe, Steve Beeby, Russel Torah","doi":"10.1088/2058-8585/ad517d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-8585/ad517d","url":null,"abstract":"The electrical performance of printed conductors often degrades over time due to recurrent or infrequent exposure to practical stresses such as bending and washing. To avoid this, a repair mechanism is required to return the conductor to prime condition, enhancing lifetime and durability during extended stress cycles. In this study, domestic ironing is used to repair and restore the electrical resistance of printed conductors damaged by prolonged bending and washing cycles at standard ironing temperatures. The results of reliability tests on screen-printed conductors on two polyurethane-coated fabrics and six different laminate sheets adhered to the fabrics revealed that ironing significantly enhances the electrical performance of the conductors, limiting the change in electrical resistance to less than 20% after 400 000 bending cycles and to less than 1 Ω after 50 wash cycles. Although laminated conductors are more durable and generally outperformed conductors on the printed primer layer, in both cases, the results showed that the sample could be left for 24 h for ‘self-relaxation’ and would also return to the original value, implying that for future wear, either immediate ironing or leaving the garment for a period between uses could effectively ‘fix’ any bending or washing damage.","PeriodicalId":51335,"journal":{"name":"Flexible and Printed Electronics","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141550051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Additively manufactured microstrip patch antennas in flat, curved, and embedded configurations 平面、曲面和嵌入式配置的叠加制造微带贴片天线

IF 3.1 4区工程技术

Flexible and Printed Electronics Pub Date : 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.1088/2058-8585/ad517c

Arvind Gurusekaran, Mukhtar Ahmad, Manuela Ciocca, Michele Pompilio, Annelot Nijkoops, Alejandro Carrasco Pena, Paolo Lugli, Luisa Petti

{"title":"Additively manufactured microstrip patch antennas in flat, curved, and embedded configurations","authors":"Arvind Gurusekaran, Mukhtar Ahmad, Manuela Ciocca, Michele Pompilio, Annelot Nijkoops, Alejandro Carrasco Pena, Paolo Lugli, Luisa Petti","doi":"10.1088/2058-8585/ad517c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-8585/ad517c","url":null,"abstract":"Microstrip patch antennas (MPAs) are compact and easy-to-fabricate antennas, widely used in long-distance communications. MPAs are commonly fabricated using subtractive methods such as photolithographic etching of metals previously deposited using sputtering or evaporation. Despite being an established technique, subtractive manufacturing requires various process steps and generates material waste. Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques instead allow optimal use of material, besides enabling rapid prototyping. AM methods are thus especially interesting for the fabrication of electronic components such as MPAs. AM methods include both 2D and 3D techniques, which can also be combined to embed components within 3D-printed enclosures, protecting them from hazards and/or developing haptic interfaces. In this work, we exploit the combination of 2D and 3D printing AM techniques to realize three MPA configurations: flat, curved (at 45∘), and embedded. First, the MPAs were designed and simulated at 2.3 GHz with a −16.25 dB <italic toggle=\"yes\">S</italic>\u000011 value. Then, the MPA dielectric substrate was 3D-printed using polylactic acid via fused deposition modeling, while the antenna material (conductive silver ink) was deposited using three different AM methods: screen printing, water transfer, and syringe-based injection. The fabricated MPAs were fully operational between 2.2–2.4 GHz, with the flat MPA having a higher <italic toggle=\"yes\">S</italic>\u000011 peak value compared to the curved and embedded MPAs. Development of such AM MPAs in various configurations demonstrated in this work can enable rapid development of long-range antennas for novel applications in e.g. aerospace and Internet of Things sectors.","PeriodicalId":51335,"journal":{"name":"Flexible and Printed Electronics","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141550050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A vibrating membrane ejector for direct ink writing of printed electronics 用于直接书写印刷电子墨水的振动膜喷射器

IF 3.1 4区工程技术

Flexible and Printed Electronics Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1088/2058-8585/ad43f7

Shangjian Liu, Shuohao Hu, Song Lin, Jiakang Wu, Feng Shao, Junge Liang, Xi Wan and Xiaofeng Gu

{"title":"A vibrating membrane ejector for direct ink writing of printed electronics","authors":"Shangjian Liu, Shuohao Hu, Song Lin, Jiakang Wu, Feng Shao, Junge Liang, Xi Wan and Xiaofeng Gu","doi":"10.1088/2058-8585/ad43f7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-8585/ad43f7","url":null,"abstract":"Direct ink writing (DIW) represents a technical branch of additive manufacturing technology, particularly suitable for prototyping or small-batch printing production of printed electronic components. However, the existing print heads required for near or sub-100 μm line width are quite sophisticated, limiting the accessibility and application of the DIW method. This paper reports the use of the vibrating membrane ejector (VME) as a new option for the print head of DIW. The structure of the VME-based print head was specially designed for this purpose. Finite element modeling and analysis of the VME’s vibration characteristics were performed to provide insights into the ejection conditions and behaviors. The factors influencing the size of printed structures were identified and analyzed through the printing of a metal–organic complex silver (Ag) ink. After optimizing several operational parameters to limit the spreading effects and suppress the satellite droplets, the DIW printed line width has reached about 100 μm. The effectiveness of the VME-based print head was further demonstrated through the DIW fabrication of interdigitated electrodes and microstrip transmission lines. This highlights the versatility of the VME-based print head as a practical tool for device prototyping and ink development in the field of printed electronics.","PeriodicalId":51335,"journal":{"name":"Flexible and Printed Electronics","volume":"209 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141062512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inkjet-printed heater on flexible substrates for low voltage applications 用于低电压应用的柔性基板上的喷墨打印加热器

IF 3.1 4区工程技术

Flexible and Printed Electronics Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1088/2058-8585/ad43f8

Muhammad Atif Khan, Danial Khan and Yehia Massoud

{"title":"Inkjet-printed heater on flexible substrates for low voltage applications","authors":"Muhammad Atif Khan, Danial Khan and Yehia Massoud","doi":"10.1088/2058-8585/ad43f8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-8585/ad43f8","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible heaters (FHs) have applications ranging from defoggers to flexural warmers, food processors, and thermotherapy. Printed FHs are particularly of interest as they offer unique advantages like high resolution, customization, low cost, and ease of fabrication. Here, we report printed FHs on polyethylene terephthalate substrate. The heater design is optimized to operate on a low voltage of five volts and yield high temperatures with a uniform temperature distribution across the surface. The heater has a fast response time of 15 s to reach its maximum temperature and does not show any degradation in performance after three months of operation. The heater maintains its temperature after continuous use for two hours and exhibits a minimum change in temperature upon bending. We have also developed and tested designs for zone heaters and nano heaters, where zone heater is suited for applications requiring heating in specified locations on a surface only. Whereas nano heater has an area of 1 mm2 and can produce high temperatures in this small area. Finally, we developed similar printed heaters on paper and polyimide (PI) substrates as well. Paper-based heater can achieve a temperature of 210 °C and can be used in disposable applications due to its low cost, whereas PI heater can achieve a temperature of 380 °C and is suitable for attaining high temperatures. These results manifest the use of FHs for various practical applications.","PeriodicalId":51335,"journal":{"name":"Flexible and Printed Electronics","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141062447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing the quality factor of aerosol jet printed RF spiral inductors through gold electroplating 通过电镀金提高气溶胶喷射印刷射频螺旋电感器的品质因数

IF 3.1 4区工程技术

Flexible and Printed Electronics Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1088/2058-8585/ad4610

Md Abu Mosa, Huijune Kang, Jeong Yeop Jo, Jinho Bang, Dal Ahn, Youna Jang, Kye-Si Kwon

{"title":"Enhancing the quality factor of aerosol jet printed RF spiral inductors through gold electroplating","authors":"Md Abu Mosa, Huijune Kang, Jeong Yeop Jo, Jinho Bang, Dal Ahn, Youna Jang, Kye-Si Kwon","doi":"10.1088/2058-8585/ad4610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-8585/ad4610","url":null,"abstract":"Aerosol jet printing (AJP) outperforms inkjet printing by significantly reducing printed line width, effectively addressing issues such as bulging and surface irregularities. This technology allows for line widths as narrow as 10–100 <italic toggle=\"yes\">μ</italic>m with high aspect ratios, making it well-suited for radio frequency (RF) applications. Consequently, AJP emerges as a valuable tool for direct printing in RF applications. Among conductive inks, silver nanoparticle (Ag-NP) ink is preferred for its straightforward direct printing process and lower sintering temperature requirements. However, the conductivity of printed Ag NP traces falls markedly below that of bulk silver due to significant porosity, limiting its use in RF applications where a high-quality factor is essential. The quality factor of an inductor, indicative of its efficiency in energy storage and release, inversely correlates with its resistance. Our research combines AJP with selective electroplating to reduce the resistance of printed traces, thereby enhancing the inductor’s quality factor for RF applications. We fabricated spiral inductors on alumina substrates using silver NP ink and subsequently applied selective gold electroplating to these traces. This approach led to a significant increase in the inductors’ quality factor, improving it by a factor of 3–5 in the RF frequency range of 100–700 MHz.","PeriodicalId":51335,"journal":{"name":"Flexible and Printed Electronics","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140937280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recent progress of flexible pressure sensors: from principle, structure to application characteristics 柔性压力传感器的最新进展：从原理、结构到应用特点

IF 3.1 4区工程技术

Flexible and Printed Electronics Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1088/2058-8585/ad396e

Shimin Liu, Guilei Liu, Jianlong Qiu, Lei Yang, Yanjie Guo

引用次数: 0