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Absence of syntactic passive in creoles: Evidence from French-based Mauritian Creole 克里奥尔语中不存在句法被动：以法语为基础的毛里求斯克里奥尔语的证据
Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1017/cnj.2024.13
Anand Syea
{"title":"Absence of syntactic passive in creoles: Evidence from French-based Mauritian Creole","authors":"Anand Syea","doi":"10.1017/cnj.2024.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cnj.2024.13","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article examines passive-type constructions in Mauritian Creole, arguing that they are topic, not passive constructions. I claim that their initial argument (the displaced object) occupies the specifier position of a Topic Phrase, not the structural subject position. This proposal is motivated by the fact that nothing at the surface identifies the displaced object as a grammatical subject, except its position relative to an auxiliary or verb. The topic analysis is supported by both semantic restrictions relating to specificity and animacy and syntactic restrictions relating to distribution (word order) and coordination. It is also supported by the fact that these same restrictions do not apply in unaccusatives, a structurally similar type of construction. The important contribution of this article is that passive-type constructions in Mauritian Creole are ‘apparent’ rather ‘real’ passives, with the wider implication being that creoles, like many languages, do not use canonical passives to express passive meaning.","PeriodicalId":513226,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141271423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The relative clause resisting unification 抵制统一的相对句
Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.1017/cnj.2024.12
Tong Wu, Haiping Long
{"title":"The relative clause resisting unification","authors":"Tong Wu, Haiping Long","doi":"10.1017/cnj.2024.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cnj.2024.12","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Cinque (2020) presents a unified theory positing that various types of relative clauses (RCs) originate from a single, double-headed universal structure via raising or matching. The Frame Noun-Modifying Clause (FRC) as described and analyzed by Matsumoto et al. (2017a, 2017b) presents a significant challenge to Cinque's framework, as it does not conform to any of Cinque's identified RC types, which include amount RCs, kind(-defining) RCs, restrictive RCs and non-restrictive RCs. The FRC eludes derivation via the proposed matching or raising mechanisms. Determining the semantic link between the head noun and the FRC, as well as its external merger position, remains elusive. One might suggest that inserting additional material into the FRC, which incorporates a plausible internal head, could clarify their connection. This approach falls short of providing a systematic and coherent syntactic criterion, relying instead on semantic intuition that lacks operational reliability.","PeriodicalId":513226,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140985569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Partial Wh-Movement in Indonesian, Criterial Freezing, and Sub-Extraction 印度尼西亚语中的部分 Wh-Movement、Criterial Freezing 和 Sub-Extraction
Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1017/cnj.2024.8
Yosuke Sato
{"title":"Partial Wh-Movement in Indonesian, Criterial Freezing, and Sub-Extraction","authors":"Yosuke Sato","doi":"10.1017/cnj.2024.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cnj.2024.8","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper develops a new analysis of partial wh-movement in Indonesian, a construction which raises seemingly challenging problems for criterial freezing. It is proposed that partially-moving wh-phrases in Indonesian are structured as focused expressions properly containing a wh-interrogative phrase. It is argued that the derivation of partial wh-movement in Indonesian involves sub-extraction, or movement out of a moved element, to evade a freezing violation that would otherwise ensue. More specifically, it involves focus movement of the focused XP to the intermediate non-interrogative C-system, followed by sub-extraction of the QP from the XP to the matrix interrogative C-system. The analysis receives independent empirical support from the amelioration of freezing effects observed in focused wh-questions in Japanese.","PeriodicalId":513226,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140211384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The -eci Syncretism in Korean: Implications for the Theory of v and Voice 韩语中的-eci 同义词：对 v 和 Voice 理论的影响
Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1017/cnj.2024.9
Hyun Kyoung Jung
{"title":"The -eci Syncretism in Korean: Implications for the Theory of v and Voice","authors":"Hyun Kyoung Jung","doi":"10.1017/cnj.2024.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cnj.2024.9","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper investigates the syncretism exhibited by the Korean verbal suffix -eci. In addition to its widely known appearance in the passive construction, -eci can also be used to derive verbs expressing potentiality. In this paper, I show that two independently motivated theoretical tools — (i) the articulated verbal structure with root, verbalizer, and Voice; and (ii) the assumption that morphological identity signifies the morpheme's realization of an identical syntactic head — accurately explain the passive-potential syncretism in Korean. Specifically, I argue that -eci realizes a syntactic head that the passive and potential structures have in common: vGO, the verbalizer marking the eventuality of ‘change’. I attribute the systematic morpho-syntactic and semantic contrasts between passives and potentials to the (non)existence of VoicePASS, the projection introducing an implicit external argument. The analysis successfully captures the properties of the other constructions formed upon -eci — namely, derived change-of-state and lexical inchoative predicates.","PeriodicalId":513226,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140229756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Snapshot of Academic Job Placements in Linguistics in the US and Canada 美国和加拿大语言学领域的学术工作岗位概况
Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.1017/cnj.2024.7
Jason D. Haugen, Amy V. Margaris, Sarah E. Calvo
{"title":"A Snapshot of Academic Job Placements in Linguistics in the US and Canada","authors":"Jason D. Haugen, Amy V. Margaris, Sarah E. Calvo","doi":"10.1017/cnj.2024.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cnj.2024.7","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Most people working in the field of linguistics in the US and Canada have an intuitive sense of who the “major players” are among PhD-granting linguistics departments. Our analysis demonstrates that the frequently-perceived hierarchy of linguistics programs is indeed correct. Drawing on publicly available information from Winter/Spring, 2019 on faculty at all PhD-granting linguistics programs across the US and Canada, we use social network and heat map visualizations to demonstrate the existence of an extraordinarily strong and relatively stable hierarchy of programs whose graduates dominate the linguistics academic job market. A secondary finding is that many of the top programs are characterized by gender imbalances. We argue that the top programs’ tremendous influence on the job market as a whole affords these programs the ability – indeed, the responsibility – to take the lead in effecting positive change in the field's hiring patterns more broadly.","PeriodicalId":513226,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140240264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Regular exposure facilitates dual-mapping of Cantonese pronunciation variants 经常接触有助于粤语发音变体的双重映射
Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1017/cnj.2024.3
Rachel Soo, Molly Babel
{"title":"Regular exposure facilitates dual-mapping of Cantonese pronunciation variants","authors":"Rachel Soo, Molly Babel","doi":"10.1017/cnj.2024.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cnj.2024.3","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The multilingual landscape of Canada creates opportunities for many heterogeneous bilingual communities to experience systematic phonetic variation within and across languages and dialects, and exposes listeners to different pronunciation variants. This paper examines phonetic variation through the lens of an ongoing sound change in Cantonese involving word-initial [n] and [l] across two primed lexical decision tasks (Experiment 1: Immediate repetition priming task, Experiment 2: Long-distance repetition priming task). Our main question is: How are sound change pronunciation variants recognized and represented in a Cantonese-English bilingual lexicon? The results of both experiments suggest that [n]- and [l]-initial variants facilitate processing in both short and long-term spoken word recognition. Thus, regular exposure to Cantonese endows bilingual listeners with the perceptual flexibility to dually and gradiently map pronunciation variants to a single lexical representation.","PeriodicalId":513226,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140245074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Classification of English vowels in terms of Cypriot Greek categories: The role of acoustic similarity between L1 and L2 sounds 根据塞浦路斯希腊语类别对英语元音进行分类：L1 和 L2 声音相似性的作用
Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.1017/cnj.2024.1
Georgios P. Georgiou
{"title":"Classification of English vowels in terms of Cypriot Greek categories: The role of acoustic similarity between L1 and L2 sounds","authors":"Georgios P. Georgiou","doi":"10.1017/cnj.2024.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cnj.2024.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Previous evidence has suggested that acoustic similarity between first language (L1) and second language (L2) sounds is an accurate indicator of the speakers’ L2 classification patterns. This study investigates this assumption by examining how speakers of an under-researched language, namely Cypriot Greek, classify L2 English vowels in terms of their L1 categories. The experimental protocol relied on a perception and a production study. For the purpose of the production study, two linear discriminant analysis (LDA) models, one with both formants and duration (FD) and one with only formants (F) as input, were used to predict this classification; the models included data from both English and Cypriot Greek speakers. The perception study consisted of a classification task performed by adult Cypriot Greek advanced speakers of English who permanently resided in Cyprus. The results demonstrated that acoustic similarity was a relatively good predictor of speakers’ classification patterns as the majority of L2 vowels classified with the highest proportion were predicted with success by the LDA models. In addition, the F model was better than the FD model in predicting the full range of responses. This shows that duration features were less important than formant features for the prediction of L2 vowel classification.","PeriodicalId":513226,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140428132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
An experimental approach to the reconstruction of the head quantifier phrase in Chinese relative clauses 汉语相对从句中头量词短语重构的实验方法
Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.1017/cnj.2024.6
Yunchuan Chen
{"title":"An experimental approach to the reconstruction of the head quantifier phrase in Chinese relative clauses","authors":"Yunchuan Chen","doi":"10.1017/cnj.2024.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cnj.2024.6","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Aoun and Li (2003) argued that whether the head of Chinese relative clauses can reconstruct at Logical Form is determined by its phrasal category. When the head is a noun phrase, it can reconstruct; but when it is a quantifier phrase, it cannot. This paper uses a sentence-picture matching experiment to investigate this claim. The results showed that a quantifier phrase can reconstruct. Thus, we do not need to stipulate a noun phrase/quantifier phrase distinction for the reconstruction of heads in Chinese relative clauses. Both types of phrases can reconstruct, predicted by the head-raising analysis of relative clauses.","PeriodicalId":513226,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140425594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Danish rundt ‘around’ as a postposition? 丹麦语 rundt "周围 "是后置词？
Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique Pub Date : 2024-02-19 DOI: 10.1017/cnj.2024.2
Michael Nguyen
{"title":"Danish rundt ‘around’ as a postposition?","authors":"Michael Nguyen","doi":"10.1017/cnj.2024.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cnj.2024.2","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this squib, I provide arguments in favour of the view that Danish rundt is a postposition. The functional, semantic, and syntactic properties of adpositions are discussed, and I show that competing analyses of rundt are falsifiable while the postposition analysis itself is not falsified.","PeriodicalId":513226,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139958938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On the history of NPIs and Negative Concord 关于 NPI 和负协和的历史
Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.1017/cnj.2023.29
Elena Herburger
{"title":"On the history of NPIs and Negative Concord","authors":"Elena Herburger","doi":"10.1017/cnj.2023.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cnj.2023.29","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article aims to better understand how Negative Polarity Items (NPIs) come into existence and how they change over time. It argues that an expression can become an NPI if its semantics makes it pragmatically useful in negative or downward entailing contexts, often because the meaning leads to pragmatic strength, but sometimes because its semantics leads to pragmatic attenuation. Special attention is given to two patterns involving pragmatic strength that can emerge historically: Negative Concord (NC) and what I call NPI Dualization. Both patterns, I argue, involve a pairing between an NPI that has an existential-like or low scalar semantics with a homophonous but semantically different expression with a freer distribution; the homophone is semantically negative in Negative Concord but semantically universal in NPI Dualization. The article argues that pragmatic strength plays an important role in the history of NPIs, both in their origin and in NPI Dualization, but is not directly relevant for their licensing synchronically. Instead, it argues for a return to the view that NPIs are lexically marked by a semantically meaningless distributional feature that needs to be valued syntactically. On a conceptual level, the article argues that historical shifts may be matters of likelihood.","PeriodicalId":513226,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139609074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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