Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Foreword.","authors":"Stephanie Priest","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.43.10/11.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.43.10/11.01","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue of Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada brings together a short collection of papers that touch on various aspects of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment and the understanding of its symptoms and health impacts.","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"43 10-11","pages":"429-430"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138296494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying the Theoretical Domains Framework to identify police, fire, and paramedic preferences for accessing mental health care in a First Responder Operational Stress Injury Clinic: a qualitative study.","authors":"Valerie Testa, Alexandria Bennett, Jeffrey Jutai, Zachary Cantor, Peter Burke, James McMahon, R Nicholas Carleton, Ian Colman, Deniz Fikretoglu, Alexandra Heber, Shannon Leduc, Marnin J Heisel, Kednapa Thavorn, Daniel J Corsi, Simon Hatcher","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.43.10/11.02","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.43.10/11.02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>First responders and other public safety personnel (PSP; e.g. correctional workers, firefighters, paramedics, police, public safety communicators) are often exposed to events that have the potential to be psychologically traumatizing. Such exposures may contribute to poor mental health outcomes and a greater need to seek mental health care. However, a theoretically driven, structured qualitative study of barriers and facilitators of help-seeking behaviours has not yet been undertaken in this population. This study used the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to identify and better understand critical barriers and facilitators of help-seeking and accessing mental health care for a planned First Responder Operational Stress Injury (OSI) clinic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted face-to-face, one-on-one semistructured interviews with 24 first responders (11 firefighters, five paramedics, and eight police officers), recruited using purposive and snowball sampling. Interviews were analyzed using deductive content analysis. The TDF guided study design, interview content, data collection, and analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most reported barriers included concerns regarding confidentiality, lack of trust, cultural competency of clinicians, lack of clarity about the availability and accessibility of services, and stigma within first responder organizations. Key themes influencing help-seeking were classified into six of the TDF's 14 theoretical domains: environmental context and resources; knowledge; social influences; social/professional role and identity; emotion; and beliefs about consequences.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results identified key actions that can be utilized to tailor interventions to encourage attendance at a First Responder OSI Clinic. Such approaches include providing transparency around confidentiality, policies to ensure greater cultural competency in all clinic staff, and clear descriptions of how to access care; routinely involving families; and addressing stigma.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"43 10-11","pages":"431-449"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10753900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138296491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canadian respiratory therapists who considered leaving their clinical position experienced elevated moral distress and adverse psychological and functional outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Andrea M D'Alessandro-Lowe, Kimberly Ritchie, Andrea Brown, Bethany Easterbrook, Yuanxin Xue, Mina Pichtikova, Max Altman, Isaac Beech, Heather Millman, Fatima Foster, Kelly Hassall, Yarden Levy, David L Streiner, Fardous Hosseiny, Sara Rodrigues, Alexandra Heber, Charlene O'Connor, Hugo Schielke, Ann Malain, Randi E McCabe, Ruth A Lanius, Margaret C McKinnon","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.43.10/11.04","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.43.10/11.04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Respiratory therapists (RTs) faced morally distressing situations throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, including working with limited resources and facilitating video calls for families of dying patients. Moral distress is associated with a host of adverse psychological and functional outcomes (e.g. depression, anxiety, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD] and functional impairment) and consideration of position departure. The purpose of this study was to understand the impact of moral distress and its associated psychological and functional outcomes on consideration to leave a clinical position among Canadian RTs during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Canadian RTs (N = 213) completed an online survey between February and June 2021. Basic demographic information (e.g. age, sex, gender) and psychometrically validated measures of moral distress, depression, anxiety, stress, PTSD, dissociation, functional impairment, resilience and adverse childhood experiences were collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One in four RTs reported considering leaving their position. RTs considering leaving reported elevated levels of moral distress and adverse psychological and functional outcomes compared to RTs not considering leaving. Over half (54.5%) of those considering leaving scored above the cut-off for potential diagnosis of PTSD. Previous consideration to leave a position and having left a position in the past each significantly increased the odds of currently considering leaving, along with system-related moral distress and symptoms of PTSD, but the contribution of these latter factors was small.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Canadian RTs considering leaving their position reported elevated levels of distress and adverse psychological and functional outcomes, yet these individual-level factors appear unlikely to be the primary factors underlying RTs' consideration to leave, because their effects were small. Further research is required to identify broader, organizational factors that may contribute to consideration of position departure among Canadian RTs.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"43 10-11","pages":"460-471"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10753904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138296492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"We are unique\": organizational stressors, peer support and attitudes toward mental health treatment among airport firefighters.","authors":"Bridget Barry, Rosemary Ricciardelli, Heidi Cramm","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.43.10/11.03","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.43.10/11.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Airport firefighters are responsible for providing emergency responses to aviation incidents on a runway or in the vicinity of an airport, including airplane crashes, mass casualty events, emergency landings and many other concerns on airport grounds. While data exist on the occupational stressors of firefighters and public safety personnel in general, there is a gap in knowledge regarding the experiences of airport firefighters, particularly in relation to their organizational stressors, peer supports and attitudes toward mental health treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted two focus groups with 10 career firefighters working at an airport in Atlantic Canada in 2019. Focus groups were recorded; the recordings were transcribed and later coded using thematic analysis, which took an inductive, iterative, narrative approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Airport firefighters face unique challenges, and operational stressors are overshadowed by organizational stressors. Additionally, peer support is an integral aspect of coping with both organizational stressors and critical incidents. Firefighters were found to have positive attitudes toward mental health treatment in general, but several barriers still remain, such as stigma, fear of being placed on leave and fear of confidentiality breach.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Specialized treatment options for public safety personnel and airport firefighters who engage in serious incidents outside of their regular duties are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"43 10-11","pages":"450-459"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10753901/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138296490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac function and posttraumatic stress disorder: a review of the literature and case report.","authors":"Jyotpal Singh, R Nicholas Carleton, J Patrick Neary","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.43.10/11.05","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.43.10/11.05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can induce an elevation in sympathetic tone; however, research pertaining to the cardiac cycle in patients with PTSD is limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature review was conducted with PubMed, MEDLINE and Web of Science. Articles discussing changes and associations in echocardiography and PTSD or related symptoms were synthesized for the current review. We have also included data from a case report of a male participant aged 33 years experiencing potentially psychologically traumatic events, who wore a noninvasive cardiac sensor to assess the timing intervals and contractility parameters of the cardiac cycle using seismocardiography. The intervals included systolic time, isovolumic contraction time (IVCT) and isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT). Calculations of systolic (IVCT/systole), diastolic (IVRT/systole) and myocardial [(IVCT+IVRT)/systole] performance indices were completed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review identified 55 articles, 14 of which assessed cardiac function using echocardiography in patients with PTSD symptoms. Cardiac dysfunction varied across studies, with diastolic and systolic impairments found in patients with PTSD. Our case study showed that occupational stress elevated cardiac performance indices, suggesting increased ventricular stress and supporting results in the existing literature.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The literature review results suggest that a controlled approach to assessing cardiac function in patients with PTSD is required. The case study results further suggest that acute bouts of stress can alter cardiac function, with potential for sustained occupational stress to induce changes in cardiac function. Cardiac monitoring can be used prospectively to identify changes induced by potentially psychologically traumatic event exposures that can lead to the development of PTSD symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"43 10-11","pages":"472-480"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10753899/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138296493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical lessons for Canada's emerging national school food policy: an opportunity to improve child health.","authors":"Anthony Zhong,&nbsp;Lillian Yin,&nbsp;Brianne O'Sullivan,&nbsp;Amberley T Ruetz","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.43.9.04","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.43.9.04","url":null,"abstract":"School meals are one of the most successful drivers of improved health and education. In 2021, the Canadian federal government committed $1 billion over 5 years to develop a national school food policy and work towards a national school nutritious meal program. Canadian policy makers should learn from the experiences of other countries, including the United States’ National School Lunch Program. We propose 3 priority areas to maximize health improvements: (1) resisting corporatization and prioritizing health; (2) preventing stigma through universal access; and (3) ensuring cultural inclusion and appropriateness.","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"43 9","pages":"421-425"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10578652/pdf/43_9_4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10589667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Memoriam – A tribute to Marie DesMeules","authors":"","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.43.9.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.43.9.05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135248285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children's Oral Health Initiative: workers' perspectives on its impact in First Nations communities.","authors":"Robert J Schroth,&nbsp;Grace Kyoon-Achan,&nbsp;Mary McNally,&nbsp;Jeanette Edwards,&nbsp;Penny White,&nbsp;Hannah Tait Neufeld,&nbsp;Mary Bertone,&nbsp;Alyssa Hayes,&nbsp;Khalida Hai-Santiago,&nbsp;Leona Star,&nbsp;Wendy McNab Fontaine,&nbsp;Kathy Yerex,&nbsp;Olubukola O Olatosi,&nbsp;Michael E K Moffatt,&nbsp;Vivianne Cruz de Jesus","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.43.9.01","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.43.9.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Since 2004, the Children's Oral Health Initiative (COHI) has been working in many First Nations and Inuit communities in Canada to address oral health disparities, specifically early childhood caries (ECC). The COHI community-based approach improves early childhood oral health (ECOH) by balancing prevention with minimally invasive dentistry. The goal is to reduce the burden of oral disease, mainly by minimizing the need for surgery. We investigated program success in First Nations communities in the province of Manitoba, from the perspective of COHI staff.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>First Nations community-based dental therapists and dental worker aides participated in three focus groups and an in-depth semistructured interview. The collected data were thematically analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from 22 participants yielded converging and practitioner-specific themes. Participants reported that dental therapists and dental worker aides provide access to basic oral care in their communities including oral health assessments, teeth cleaning, fluoride varnish applications and sealants. The participants agreed that education, information sharing and culturally appropriate parental engagement are crucial for continuous support and capacity building in the community programs. Low enrolment, difficulty accessing homes and getting consent, limited human resources as well as lack of educational opportunities for dental worker aides were identified challenges.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, the participants reported that the COHI program positively contributes to ECOH in First Nations communities. However, increased community-based training for dental workers, community awareness about the program, and engagement of parents to facilitate culturally appropriate programming and consent processes are critical to improving program outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"43 9","pages":"393-402"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10578655/pdf/43_9_1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10243488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validating existing clinical cut-points for the parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in a large sample of Canadian children and youth.","authors":"Sarah E Turner,&nbsp;Raelyne L Dopko,&nbsp;Gary Goldfield,&nbsp;Paula Cloutier,&nbsp;Kathleen Pajer,&nbsp;Mohcene Abdessemed,&nbsp;Fatima Mougharbel,&nbsp;Michael Ranney,&nbsp;Matt D Hoffmann,&nbsp;Justin J Lang","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.43.9.03","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.43.9.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), for assessing behavioural and emotional difficulties, has been used internationally as a screening measure for mental health problems. Our objective was to validate the existing (British) SDQ cut-points in a sample of Canadian children and youth, and develop new Canadian SDQ cut-points if needed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study includes data from children and youth aged 6 to 17 years from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (n = 3435) and outpatient records from the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (n = 1075). The parent-reported SDQ data were collected. We adjusted the existing SDQ cut-points using a distributional and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve approach. We subsequently calculated the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio of the existing and new SDQ clinical cut-points to determine whether the new cut-points had better clinical utility, using both analytic approaches.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our data show differences in the screening effectiveness between the existing British and the Canadian-specific clinical cut-points. Specificity is maximized using the Canadian distributional cut-points, improving the likelihood of identifying true negative results. The total SDQ score met the threshold for clinical utility (diagnostic odds ratio > 20) using both the existing and new cut-points; however, the individual scales did not reach clinical utility threshold using either cut-points.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Future Canadian SDQ research should consider the new cut-points derived from our study population and the existing British cut-points to allow for historical and international comparisons.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"43 9","pages":"409-420"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10578654/pdf/43_9_3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10589666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Other PHAC publications","authors":"","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.43.9.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.43.9.06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135248484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}