Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Using classification and regression trees to model missingness in youth BMI, height and body mass data.","authors":"Amanda Doggett,&nbsp;Ashok Chaurasia,&nbsp;Jean-Philippe Chaput,&nbsp;Scott T Leatherdale","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.43.5.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.43.5.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Research suggests that there is often a high degree of missingness in youth body mass index (BMI) data derived from self-reported measures, which may have a large effect on research findings. The first step in handling missing data is to examine the levels and patterns of missingness. However, previous studies examining youth BMI missingness used logistic regression, which is limited in its ability to discern subgroups or identify a hierarchy of importance for variables, aspects that may go a long way in helping understand missing data patterns.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used sex-stratified classification and regression tree (CART) models to examine missingness in height, body mass and BMI data among 74 501 youth participating in the 2018/19 COMPASS study (a prospective cohort study examining health behaviours among Canadian youth), where 31% of BMI data were missing. Diet, movement, academic, mental health and substance use variables were examined for associations with missingness in height, body mass and BMI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CART models indicated that the combination of being younger, having a selfperception of being overweight, being less physically active and having poorer mental health yielded female and male subgroups highly likely to be missing BMI values. Survey respondents who did not perceive themselves as overweight and who were older were unlikely to be missing BMI values.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The subgroups identified by the CART models indicate that a sample that deletes cases with missing BMI would be biased towards physically, emotionally and mentally healthier youth. Given the ability of CART models to identify these subgroups and a hierarchy of variable importance, they are an invaluable tool for examining missing data patterns and appropriate handling of missing data.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"43 5","pages":"231-242"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10237263/pdf/43_5_3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9572222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Other PHAC publications","authors":"","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.43.5.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.43.5.08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135050952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strength-training and balance activities in Canada: historical trends and current prevalence.","authors":"Stephanie A Prince, Justin J Lang, Rachel C Colley, Lora M Giangregorio, Rasha El-Kotob, Gregory P Butler, Karen C Roberts","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.43.5.01","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.43.5.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Muscle-strengthening and balance activities are associated with the prevention of illness and injury. Age-specific Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines include recommendations for muscle/bone-strengthening and balance activities. From 2000-2014, the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) included a module that assessed frequency in 22 physical activities. In 2020, a healthy living rapid response module (HLV-RR) on the CCHS asked new questions on the frequency of muscle/bonestrengthening and balance activities. The objectives of the study were to (1) estimate and characterize adherence to meeting the muscle/bone-strengthening and balance recommendations; (2) examine associations between muscle/bone-strengthening and balance activities with physical and mental health; and (3) examine trends (2000-2014) in adherence to recommendations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from the 2020 CCHS HLV-RR, we estimated age-specific prevalence of meeting recommendations. Multivariate logistic regressions examined associations with physical and mental health. Using data from the 2000-2014 CCHS, sex-specific temporal trends in recommendation adherence were explored using logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Youth aged 12 to 17 years (56.6%, 95% CI: 52.4-60.8) and adults aged 18 to 64 years (54.9%, 95% CI: 53.1-56.8) had significantly greater adherence to the muscle/ bone-strengthening recommendation than adults aged 65 years and older (41.7%, 95% CI: 38.9-44.5). Only 16% of older adults met the balance recommendation. Meeting the recommendations was associated with better physical and mental health. The proportion of Canadians who met the recommendations increased between 2000 and 2014.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Approximately half of Canadians met their age-specific muscle/bonestrengthening recommendations. Reporting on the muscle/bone-strengthening and balance recommendations elevates their importance alongside the already recognized aerobic recommendation.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"43 5","pages":"209-221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10237261/pdf/43_5_1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9563804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in children's exposure to food and beverage advertisements on broadcast television in four cities in Canada.","authors":"Monique Potvin Kent,&nbsp;Julia Soares Guimarães,&nbsp;Ashley Amson,&nbsp;Elise Pauzé,&nbsp;Lauren Remedios,&nbsp;Mariangela Bagnato,&nbsp;Meghan Pritchard,&nbsp;Ajiri Onwo,&nbsp;David Wu,&nbsp;Mary L'Abbé,&nbsp;Christine Mulligan,&nbsp;Laura Vergeer,&nbsp;Madyson Weippert","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.43.5.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.43.5.02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sex differences exist in children's obesity rates, dietary patterns and television viewing. Television continues to be a source of unhealthy food advertising exposure to children in Canada. Our objective was to examine sex differences in food advertising exposure in children aged 2 to 17 years across four Canadian English language markets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We licensed 24-hour television advertising data from the company Numerator for January through December 2019, in four cities (Vancouver, Calgary, Montréal and Toronto) across Canada. Child food advertising exposure overall, by food category, television station, Health Canada's proposed nutrient profiling model, and marketing techniques were examined on the 10 most popular television stations among children and compared by sex. Advertising exposure was estimated using gross rating points, and sex differences were described using relative and absolute differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both male and female children were exposed to an elevated level of unhealthy food advertising and a plethora of marketing techniques across all four cities. Differences between sexes were evident between and within cities. Compared to females, males in Vancouver and Montréal viewed respectively 24.7% and 24.0% more unhealthy food ads/person/year and were exposed to 90.2 and 133.4 more calls to action, 93.3 and 97.8 more health appeals, and 88.4 and 81.0 more products that appeal to children.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Television is a significant source of children's exposure to food advertising, with clear sex differences. Policy makers need to consider sex when developing food advertising restrictions and monitoring efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"43 5","pages":"222-230"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10237258/pdf/43_5_2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9572220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Call for papers: Social Prescribing in Canada","authors":"","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.43.5.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.43.5.07","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135050954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suicidal ideation among young adults in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from a population-based cross-sectional study.","authors":"Li Liu,&nbsp;Gisèle Contreras,&nbsp;Nathaniel J Pollock,&nbsp;Lil Tonmyr,&nbsp;Wendy Thompson","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.43.5.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.43.5.05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using data from the 2020 and 2021 cycles of the Survey on COVID-19 and Mental Health,we examined suicidal ideation among adults in Canada aged 18 to 34 years. The prevalence of suicidal ideation among adults aged 18 to 34 years was 4.2% in fall 2020 and 8.0% in spring 2021. The subgroup of adults aged 18 to 24 years had the highest prevalence of suicidal ideation, 10.7%, in spring 2021. Prevalence varied by sociodemographic characteristics and tended to be higher among people living in materially deprived areas. Suicidal ideation was strongly associated with pandemic-related stressors respondents experienced.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"43 5","pages":"260-266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10237260/pdf/43_5_5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9572223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of sleep duration and sleep quality with indicators of mental health among youth and adults: findings from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey.","authors":"Zahra M Clayborne, Raelyne L Dopko, Chinchin Wang, Marisol T Betancourt, Karen C Roberts, Colin A Capaldi","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.43.5.04","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.43.5.04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A growing number of Canadian studies have examined the link between sleep and mental health. This research builds upon that work by investigating associations of sleep duration and quality with positive mental health (PMH) and mental illness and suicidal ideation (MI/SI) outcomes among youth and adults from threeCanadian provinces (i.e. Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using cross-sectional data from respondents 12 years and older (n = 18 683) who were asked questions on their sleep in the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey - Annual Component, we conducted unadjusted and adjusted logistic regressionswith self-reported measures of sleep duration and sleep quality as independent variables and a range of PMH (e.g. high self-rated mental health) and MI/SI indicators (e.g. mood disorder diagnosis) as dependent variables. Analyses were conducted of allcomplete cases and also stratified by sex and age group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Good sleep quality was associated with higher odds of PMH indicators (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.52-4.24) and lower odds of MI/SI indicators (aOR: 0.23- 0.47); associations remained significant when analyses were stratified. Meeting sleep duration recommendations was positively associated with PMH indicators (aOR: 1.27- 1.56) and negatively associated with MI/SI indicators (aOR: 0.41-0.80), but some associations did not remain significant when stratified.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides support for associations between sleep duration and quality and indicators of PMH and MI/SI. Findings can inform future research and surveillance efforts that monitor sleep behaviours and indicators of PMH and MI/SI.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"43 5","pages":"243-259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10237262/pdf/43_5_4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9563803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"World Non-Communicable Diseases Congress 2023","authors":"","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.43.5.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.43.5.06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135050953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recommendations for Canada's National Action Plan to End Gender-Based Violence: perspectives from leaders, service providers and survivors in Canada's largest city during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Alexa R Yakubovich, Bridget Steele, Catherine Moses, Elizabeth Tremblay, Monique Arcenal, Patricia O'Campo, Robin Mason, Janice Du Mont, Maria Huijbregts, Lauren Hough, Amanda Sim, Priya Shastri","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.43.4.01","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.43.4.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Canadian government has committed to a national action plan (NAP) to address violence against women (VAW). However, a formalized plan for implementation has not been published. Building on existing recommendations and consultations, we conducted the first formal and peer-reviewed qualitative analysis of the perspectives of leaders, service providers and survivors on what should be considered in Canada's NAP on VAW.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We applied thematic analysis to qualitative data from 18 staff working on VAW services (11 direct support, 7 in leadership roles) and 10 VAW survivor participants of a community-based study on VAW programming during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Greater Toronto Area (Ontario, Canada).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We generated 12 recommendations for Canada's NAP on VAW, which we organized into four thematic areas: (1) invest into VAW services and crisis supports (e.g. strengthen referral mechanisms to VAW programming); (2) enhance structural supports (e.g. invest in the full housing continuum for VAW survivors); (3) develop coordinated systems (e.g. strengthen collaboration between health and VAW systems); and (4) implement and evaluate primary prevention strategies (e.g. conduct a gender-based and intersectional analysis of existing social and public policies).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, we developed, prioritized and nuanced recommendations for Canada's proposed NAP on VAW based on a rigorous analysis of the perspectives of VAW survivors and staff in Canada's largest city during the COVID-19 pandemic. An effective NAP will require investment in direct support organizations; equitable housing and other structural supports; strategic coordination of health, justice and social care systems; and primary prevention strategies, including gender transformative policy reform.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"43 4","pages":"155-170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10111572/pdf/43_4_1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9684133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Access to mental health support, unmet need and preferences among adolescents during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Lauren R Gorfinkel,&nbsp;Gaelen Snell,&nbsp;David Long,&nbsp;Mari Del Casal,&nbsp;Judy Wu,&nbsp;Kimberly Schonert-Reichl,&nbsp;Martin Guhn,&nbsp;Hasina Samji","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.43.4.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.43.4.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has had widespread effects on adolescent mental health. However, little is known about support-seeking, unmet need and preferences for mental health care among adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Youth Development Instrument (YDI) is a school-administered survey of adolescents (N = 1928, mean age = 17.1, SD = 0.3) across British Columbia, Canada. In this cohort, we assessed the characteristics of accessed mental health supports, prevalence of unmet need and preferences for in-person versus internet-based services.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 40% of adolescents obtained support for mental health, while 41% experienced unmet need. The most commonly accessed supports were family doctors or pediatricians (23.1%) and adults at school (20.6%). The most preferred mode of mental health care was in-person counselling (72.4%), followed by chat-based services (15.0%), phone call (8.1%) and video call (4.4%). The adjusted prevalence of accessing support was elevated among adolescents with anxiety (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.10-1.51), those who used alcohol (1.14, 1.01-1.29), gender minorities (1.28, 1.03-1.58) and sexual minorities (1.28, 1.03-1.45). The adjusted prevalence of unmet need was elevated among adolescents with depression (1.90, 1.67-2.18), those with anxiety (1.78, 1.56-2.03), females (1.43, 1.31-1.58), gender minorities (1.45, 1.23-1.70) and sexual minorities (1.15, 1.07-1.23).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adolescents of gender or sexual minority status and those with anxiety were more likely than others to have discussed mental health concerns and also to have reported unmet need. The most common sources of support were primary health care providers and adults at school, while the most and least preferred modes of support were in-person and video call services, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"43 4","pages":"182-190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10111570/pdf/43_4_3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9350356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}