Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Food-based interventions to mitigate household food insecurity in Canada: a systematic review.","authors":"Leanne Idzerda, Calin Lazarescu, Tricia Corrin, Eric Vallières, Alix Couture, Sara Khan, Lynn McIntyre, Valerie Tarasuk, Alejandra Jaramillo Garcia","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.45.9.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.45.9.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Household food insecurity (HFI) is a persistent and important public health and policy concern within Canada that continues to be widespread in the face of economic uncertainties and inflation. The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize the evidence on food-based interventions that could reduce HFI in Canada.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Studies that assessed a food-based intervention that might reduce food insecurity and measured HFI were included, regardless of whether that was the primary purpose of the study. Four databases were searched up to 19 February 2025. Screening of abstracts and full texts, data extraction, assessments of risks of bias and certainty of the evidence were conducted independently by two reviewers. PROSPERO CRD42021254450.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exposure to food voucher programs may reduce HFI, but exposure to food box, community gardening, school food, hunting and fishing, and food charity programs may have little to no effect on HFI. The rate of utilization of food banks by food-insecure households may be low and depends upon food insecurity level and population group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Food charities may be a last resort for those in need of short-term access to emergency food (i.e. populations experiencing homelessness). However, given the pervasive nature of HFI as a marker of deprivation, it is unlikely that food-based responses will have a major impact on overall HFI, which is primarily an economic problem. A more comprehensive public policy approach to mitigate HFI is likely required.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"45 9","pages":"367-385"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between COVID-19 and opioid-related emergency department visits in Alberta, Canada: an interrupted time series analysis.","authors":"Kelsey A Speed, Hauwa Bwala, Nicole D Gehring, Marawan Ahmed, Kathryn Dong, Parabhdeep Lail, Shanell Twan, Gillian Harvey, Patrick McLane, Ginetta Salvalaggio, T Cameron Wild, Klaudia Dmitrienko, Joshua Hathaway, Elaine Hyshka","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.45.9.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.45.9.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Emergency departments (EDs) are important health care access points for people who use drugs (PWUD), but little is known about whether the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with changes in opioid-related emergency presentations. We investigated whether (1) the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with any change in average rates of opioid-related ED visits in Alberta; and (2) this varied across regions with different COVID-19 case rates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted maximum-likelihood interrupted time series analyses to compare opioid-related ED visits during the \"prepandemic period\" (3 March 2019-1 March 2020) and the \"pandemic period\" (2 March 2020-14 March 2021).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 8883 and 11 657 opioid-related ED visits during the prepandemic and pandemic periods, respectively. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with an increase in opioid-related ED visits (Edmonton: IRR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.30- 1.44, p < 0.05; Calgary: IRR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.07-1.20, p < 0.05; Other health zones: IRR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.07-1.21, p < 0.05). Changing COVID-19 case counts did not correspond with changing rates of opioid-related ED visits across regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The increase in opioid-related ED visits associated with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic was unrelated to COVID-19 case prevalence in Alberta.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"45 9","pages":"347-356"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Health of Young People in Canada: Focus on Mental Health.","authors":"Wendy Craig, Valerie F Pagnotta, Stephanie Wadge, Matthew King, William Pickett","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.45.9.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.45.9.05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"45 9","pages":"391"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evidence is in: accountability needs to be injected into the policy-making process for household food insecurity reduction.","authors":"Valerie Tarasuk, Lynn McIntyre","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.45.9.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.45.9.04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the problem of household food insecurity perseveres, effective evidence-informed responses are badly needed. The systematic reviews of evidence compiled by the Public Health Agency of Canada provide an important foundation for such action, but they also indicate the need for accountability, so that precious public funds do not continue to be spent on initiatives with no evidence of impact. We need targets for food insecurity reduction and some accountability for policy interventions that come with significant public investments. Household food insecurity rates and the related adverse consequences are only going to get worse unless we address the inadequate, insecure incomes that are the primary driver of this population health problem.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"45 9","pages":"386-390"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supervised consumption sites and population-level overdose mortality: a systematic review of recent evidence, 2016-2024.","authors":"Geneviève Gariépy, Rebecca K M Prowse, Rebecca Plouffe, Eva Graham","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.45.9.02","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.45.9.02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The overdose crisis is one of the most serious public health challenges in North America. Supervised consumption sites (SCSs) effectively prevent onsite overdose deaths and connect people to health services, but their association with populationlevel overdose mortality remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched Embase, Global Health and MEDLINE databases for studies examining associations between SCSs and population-level overdose mortality during the post-2016 overdose crisis (January 2016 to November 2024). Two reviewers, working independently, screened studies, extracted data and assessed study quality using standardized tools (PROSPERO CRD42023406080).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six studies, all from Canada, met the inclusion criteria. In the four quasiexperimental studies, two large-scale analyses of local health areas or public health units found no significant associations between SCS measures and overdose mortality within provinces. Some analyses of smaller urban areas showed protective associations, although this finding was not consistent across studies. Two observational studies suggested associations between SCS and lower mortality rates, though with methodological limitations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Province-wide analyses generally did not detect significant associations between areas with and without SCSs and population-level overdose mortality. Analyses suggest that SCSs in some smaller urban contexts were associated with less overdose mortality, though findings were inconsistent. Further research is needed to understand how geographic scale, implementation context and limited service coverage may influence the detection and magnitude of potential effects of SCSs on overdose mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"45 9","pages":"357-366"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recreational screen time and mental health among Canadian children and youth.","authors":"Stephanie Toigo, Chinchin Wang, Stephanie A Prince, Melanie Varin, Karen C Roberts, Marisol T Betancourt","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.45.7/8.01","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.45.7/8.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Higher amounts of recreational screen time have been associated with mental ill-health among children and youth. We examined the association between meeting the 24-Hour Movement Guideline's recreational screen time recommendation of ≤ 2 hours/day and indicators of mental health among children and youth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the 2019 Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth (N = 26 986), associations were assessed using age- and sex-stratified multivariate logistic regression. A secondary analysis used incremental amounts of screen time to explore dose-response relationships.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Female children (5-11 years) who met the recommendation were less likely to be diagnosed with an anxiety disorder (adjusted odds ratio = 0.49; 99% CI: 0.25-0.96) or appear sad/depressed (0.60; 0.37-0.99). Female youth (12-17 years) who met the recommendation were more likely to report excellent or very good mental health, high happiness and high life satisfaction and less likely to report feeling stressed, anxious or depressed or be diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. Male youth who met the recommendation were more likely to report high happiness (1.74; 1.40-2.15) and high life satisfaction (1.64; 1.34-2.01) and less likely to feel stressed (0.74; 0.56-0.99) or experience psychosocial difficulties (0.79; 0.64-0.97). Some dose-response relationships were present among youth.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adherence to the screen time recommendation was associated with several mental health indicators. Understanding these associations can help inform future research and guide strategies to improve mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"45 7-8","pages":"311-322"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12443482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144977827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outdoor physical activity, mental health, life satisfaction, happiness and life stress among Canadian adolescents.","authors":"Taylor Bradbury, Justin J Lang, Stephanie A Prince, Gary S Goldfield, Louise de Lannoy, Mark S Tremblay, Jean-Philippe Chaput","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.45.7/8.02","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.45.7/8.02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The objective of this article is to examine the association between outdoor physical activity (OPA) and mental health, life satisfaction, happiness and life stress among Canadian adolescents aged 12 to 17 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional and nationally representative study used self-reported data from the 2019 Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth (n = 10 413). The survey categorized OPA into six groups (from 0 to ≥ 14 hours/week). Logistic regression analyses examined the associations between OPA levels and outcomes, with adjustments for relevant covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In adjusted models, OPA was not significantly associated with anxiety or depressive symptoms. Compared to adolescents with no OPA, those who engaged in ≥ 14 hours/week had higher odds of positive mental health (odds ratio [OR] = 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-2.38), high life satisfaction (OR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.24-2.46) and high happiness (OR = 2.36; 95% CI: 1.59-3.50), independent of covariates including indoor physical activity. A positive dose-response relationship was observed between higher levels of OPA and life satisfaction and happiness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Independent of indoor physical activity and other covariates, OPA was associated with positive mental health, high life satisfaction and high happiness, with levels of OPA of ≥ 14 hours/week (highest category) showing the strongest associations. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms linking OPA with higher life satisfaction and happiness.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"45 7-8","pages":"323-334"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12443465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144977836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in chronic disease prevention resources and activities in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Katerina Maximova, Maryam Marashi, Elizabeth Holmes, David L Mowat, Greg Penney, Gilles Paradis, Jennifer L O'Loughlin","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.45.7/8.03","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.45.7/8.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted public health efforts for chronic disease prevention (CDP) in Canada and elsewhere. We describe COVID-19-related disruptions in CDP resources and activities among Canadian public health organizations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We surveyed all organizations in Canada with mandates for primary CDP, including \"resource organizations\" that develop or transfer CDP initiatives and \"user organizations\" that deliver these CDP initiatives to target populations. Key informants most knowledgeable about CDP activities and resources within each organization reported pandemic-related changes in CDP resources and activities. User organizations also reported on the status of 18 specific CDP activities and rated whether pandemic containment measures were barriers to or facilitators of CDP activities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 298 participating organizations (88% response), 129 were resource organizations (37% formally mandated organizations [FMOs]; 63% non-governmental organizations [NGOs]) and 169 were user organizations (48% FMOs; 52% NGOs). Overall, 36% reported decreases in CDP funding (24% major, 12% minor), 30%-41% reported decreases in full-time, volunteer and managerial staff (19%-27% major, 11%-14% minor) and 32% reported decreases in CDP activities (23% major, 9% minor). User FMOs were most affected by decreases. Among user organizations, 16%-39% decreased, suspended or discontinued specific CDP activities. Still, 8%-39% increased their activities, particularly those targeting mental health, marginalized populations, racialized communities and specific gender groups. Half (53%) of user organizations perceived COVID-19 contagion restrictions as barriers to CDP activities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Continued monitoring of CDP resources and activities can inform emergency preparedness and ensure that CDP remains a priority during public health crises.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"45 7-8","pages":"335-344"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12455906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144977804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The epidemiology and deprivation profile of firearm-related injuries and deaths in British Columbia, Canada.","authors":"Mojgan Karbakhsh, Fahra Rajabali, Alex Zheng, Ian Pike","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.45.6.03","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.45.6.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Firearm-related injuries (FRI) are an important public health issue in Canada. This study aims to determine the incidence of FRI in British Columbia (BC) and examine the distribution according to demographics, intent, urban-rural residence and neighbourhood deprivation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>De-identified data on deaths and hospitalizations (2010-2019) were retrieved from the BC Vital Statistics and the Discharge Abstract Database obtained from the BC Ministry of Health. We implemented the Canadian Index of Multiple Deprivation for the dissemination area-level marginalization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1868 fatal and nonfatal FRI were included in our study, of which 46.4% were due to self-harm. The annual injury rate was 3.93 per 100 000, with the highest rates among men aged 15 to 34 years. Rates were highest in rural and remote areas, in neighbourhoods with the least diverse ethno-cultural composition, and the greatest level of situational vulnerability and economic dependency. We did not observe significantly different rates across residential instability quintiles. The marginalization pattern for intentional self-harm was similar to the aggregated deprivation profile. While assaults were more common in neighbourhoods with higher levels of situational vulnerability and more diverse populations, unintentional injuries were more prevalent in neighbourhoods with higher levels of situational vulnerability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed that the burden of FRI was not evenly distributed across demographic determinants, neighbourhood deprivation or urban-rural areas of residence throughout BC. We also observed different deprivation profiles across the various intents of injury and death. Findings highlight the need for addressing FRI at its root causes, by implementing system-level interventions focussed on suicide prevention, poverty reduction, and promoting employment and education.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"45 6","pages":"286-298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12331234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144276563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in cannabis-attributable hospitalizations and emergency department visits: data from the Canadian Substance Use Costs and Harms Study (2007-2020).","authors":"Raadiya Malam, Rachael MacDonald-Spracklin, Emily Biggar, Adam Sherk, Anat Ziv, Robert Gabrys, Shea Wood, Matthew M Young, Aisha Giwa, Chandni Sondagar, Jinhui Zhao, Pamela Kent, Tim Stockwell","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.45.6.01","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.45.6.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The prevalence of cannabis use continues to increase among certain populations in Canada. This study focussed on the increase in cannabis-attributable hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits from 2007 to 2020.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To estimate the counts of hospitalizations and ED visits attributable to cannabis use, we acquired record-level hospital discharge data with ICD-10 diagnostic information for all fiscal years 2006/07 to 2020/21. Diagnostic information was used to associate each record to a health condition category for eight substances, including cannabis. The prevalence of cannabis use was estimated for each province or territory, calendar year, sex and age using national survey information. These estimates were used to adjust relative risk estimates derived from cannabis literature to calculate cannabisattributable fractions, which were in turn used to estimate the proportion of hospitalizations and ED visits that were attributable to cannabis use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 2007 and 2020, the overall rate of cannabis-attributable inpatient hospitalizations increased by 120%, from 6.4 in 2007 to 14.0 per 100 000 in 2020. Cannabis-attributable ED visits increased by 113%, from 52.1 per 100 000 in 2007 to 111.0 per 100 000 in 2019, and then decreased by 12% in 2020. This study found that the increases in hospitalizations and ED visits were partly attributed to neuropsychiatric conditions, particularly hospitalizations due to psychotic disorders and ED visits due to acute intoxication among children and youth.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ongoing monitoring of cannabis-attributable harms is necessary to understand the harms related to use and the factors that influence the ways in which people use cannabis and seek care. Further research may distinguish the early effects of legalization trends from the early pandemic period data.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"45 6","pages":"265-276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12331232/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144276564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}