Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Evolving influence of mental health stigma in Ontario public safety organizations: a qualitative study.","authors":"Leslie Vesely, Cameron A Mustard, Basak Yanar","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.46.4.02","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.46.4.02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Mental health stigma has been a long-standing issue in public safety professions and can deter public safety personnel (PSP) from accessing mental health support. This is concerning as PSP experience higher rates of post-traumatic stress injuries (PTSI) than the general population. Public safety employers play an important role in stigma reduction. However, there is little research on Ontario public safety employers' perspectives on mental health stigma in their organization and the accompanying organizational challenges they face in addressing stigma and supporting PSPs' mental health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A thematic analysis of 28 semi-structured interviews with 33 public safety employer representatives from fire services, paramedics, police, and provincial corrections within Ontario was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Employer representatives recognized mental health stigma existed historically. They described that stigma is reducing due to sociopolitical changes that restructured PTSI as a common occupational injury. Participants shared ways they are adjusting organizational practices and policies to further reduce stigma and support PSP. They also highlighted accompanying organizational challenges, including ongoing historic stigma, uncertainty in how to support PSP with PTSI, and difficulty finding meaningful accommodations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Participants perceived mental health stigma to be decreasing in their public safety organizations. However, ongoing stigma, organizational factors and uncertainty around how to support those experiencing PTSI can pose challenges to return-to-work and accommodation. While in various stages of implementing initiatives to support mental health, organizations need to continue to build PTSI awareness, take accountability for their role in reducing mental health stigma, and build trauma-informed practices and policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"46 4","pages":"143-154"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13151421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147693763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mixed-methods approach to understanding pharmacists' experiences with the CANRISK diabetes risk questionnaire and user guide.","authors":"Josephine Ta, Ying Jiang, Sebastian Srugo, Howard Morrison, Margaret de Groh","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.46.4.01","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.46.4.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Canadian Diabetes Risk Questionnaire (CANRISK) is a validated tool for diabetes risk screening, but the extent of its uptake and implementation by Canadian pharmacists has not been assessed. We aimed to describe the current use of the CANRISK tool and user guide among pharmacists, identify facilitators and barriers, and provide solutions to improve uptake.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a mixed-methods approach comprising an initial quantitative online survey followed by qualitative interviews with pharmacists to allow for a deeper understanding of their experiences. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the survey data and thematic analysis was used to analyze the interview data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that 89% of pharmacists surveyed provided diabetes counselling on a daily or weekly basis, but more than half (55%) were not aware of CANRISK and its user guide. Of those who were aware, 60% indicated that they rarely or never used CANRISK. Five overarching themes were identified in the qualitative component. The facilitators to CANRISK uptake included pharmacist's interest, diabetes clinic days/awareness campaigns, and patient-provider relationship. However, there are barriers to its implementation, including time constraints, competing priorities, financial pressures, staff shortages, and limited understanding of the tool's usefulness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This paper found that CANRISK use was limited, and that support is needed to address the barriers for the successful implementation of CANRISK in pharmacies.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"46 4","pages":"135-142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13151412/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147693794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal associations between changes in employment status and depressive symptoms during the early COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA).","authors":"Brianna Frangione, Ying Jiang, Margaret de Groh, Esme Fuller-Thomson, Ian Colman, Paul J Villeneuve","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.46.4.03","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.46.4.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic caused unprecedented and inequitably distributed adverse health impacts, which varied across socioeconomic circumstances. We investigated differences in incident depression among individuals aged 50 years and older according to various employment factors during the early stages of the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 16 719 Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging participants who provided data at Follow-up one (2015-2018) (FUP1) and twice during the pandemic (Spring and Autumn 2020). The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10) was used to classify individuals with depression (CESD-10 score ≥ 10). Logistic regression, adjusted for possible confounders, estimated the odds of incident depression in Autumn 2020.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found depression scores worsened from pre-pandemic (FUP1) to Autumn 2020; this pattern was evident across different employment features. Individuals who were newly unemployed in Spring 2020 had over double the odds of depression in Autumn 2020 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.22; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.51-3.28) compared to those who remained retired. Higher odds of depression were also observed among those with employment disruptions in Spring 2020 relative to those who did not (OR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.28-2.12), and individuals primarily working in non-home-based settings in Autumn 2020 had 21% lower odds of depression (OR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.63-0.98) than those who worked remotely.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that employment status was an important predictor of depression among Canadians during the early phases of the pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"46 4","pages":"155-166"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13151417/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147693753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of recreational cannabis legalization on pediatric emergency department visits in British Columbia, Canada.","authors":"Melody Xiao, Aygun Ibrahimova, Atousa Zargaran, Phoebe Cheng, Mojgan Karbakhsh, Fahra Rajabali, Kate Turcotte, Kirvy Quiambao, Shelina Babul","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.46.4.04","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.46.4.04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Canadian youth report some of the highest rates of cannabis use globally, raising concerns about child and youth poisonings from unintentional exposures and recreational use following legalization. This study examines and compares trends in cannabis poisonings among children and youth aged 16 years or younger treated in the emergency department (ED) of a Canadian pediatric hospital before and after the legalization of non-medical cannabis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cannabis-related ED visits at BC Children's Hospital (BCCH) (2016-2021) were identified from the Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program (CHIRPP) database using injury codes and keyword searches. Key variables included age, sex, intent, method of cannabis use, poisoning intent, season, peer use, and mode of ED arrival. Chi-square tests were used to assess associations between characteristics, and interrupted time series analysis evaluated legalization impact.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 304 pediatric-related cannabis poisoning ED visits to BCCH between 2016 and 2021, increasing 55.5% from pre-legalization (n = 119) to post-legalization (n = 185). Unintentional poisonings rose from 4% to 12%, mainly involving the ingestion of edibles among children with a median age of 3 years. Ninety percent of cases involved intentional use, with co-consumption with other substances more common than cannabis use only. Interrupted time series analysis showed an upward trend in poisonings from 2016 to 2018, an immediate 48% increase in ED visits following legalization, followed by a decline.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings highlight the need for strengthened substance use prevention efforts, education programs, and continued surveillance to reduce harm among children and youth from intentional use and unintentional cannabis exposures, particularly involving edibles.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"46 4","pages":"167-176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13151408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147693793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural experiments in the built environment: evaluating impacts on health.","authors":"Adrian Bauman, Melanie Crane","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.46.3.01","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.46.3.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"46 3","pages":"77-79"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13151414/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147436855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of revitalized urban and rural recreation infrastructure on usage levels: evidence from a longitudinal quasi-experimental study in Alberta, Canada.","authors":"Ana Paula Belon, Laura Nieuwendyk, Vijaya Krishnan, Candace I J Nykiforuk","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.46.3.03","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.46.3.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Few studies have analyzed the impact of public investments in indoor and outdoor recreational spaces, and even fewer have assessed this impact longitudinally. This hinders informed decision-making about returns on investments made with limited public budgets. We assessed the impact of a 2008 municipal plan to revitalize existing urban and rural public indoor facilities and outdoor spaces by evaluating changes in usage levels before and after implementation of Phase 1 (2009-2013) of the revitalization plan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A quasi-experimental study involving a telephone survey of 750 participants was conducted before and after Phase 1. A region with similar demographics and public recreational indoor and outdoor infrastructure was used for comparison.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our analysis found no changes in usage of recreational venues over time whether indoor (e.g. multipurpose recreational facilities, community halls) or outdoor (e.g. golf courses, off-leash dog parks, multiuse trails), in either the intervention or comparison region. Only one rural multipurpose indoor recreational facility showed a statistically significant increase in usage during Phase 1.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Strategies targeting only physical infrastructure may not result in increased usage across a municipal population. To address existing inequities in access to publicly funded community resources that support health, both the built and social environments must be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"46 3","pages":"92-103"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13151416/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147437113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of built environment changes on physical activity in Canada: a systematic review of natural experiments.","authors":"Stephanie A Prince, Justin J Lang, Sarah Lawrason, Eric Vallières, Gregory P Butler, Alison Lake, Gavin R McCormack","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.46.3.04","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.46.3.04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The built environment supports physical activity (PA) by providing opportunities to be active in daily life. Natural experiments are valuable for assessing how real-world changes to the built environment affect PA and are critical for guiding policies to improve population-level PA. The objective of this review was to summarize the evidence from natural experiments that investigated the impacts of built environment changes on PA in Canada.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, ProQuest Public Health and SportDISCUS, from inception to 27 November 2024. Natural experiment evaluations that included a comparator or historical control group and assessed changes in PA associated with changes in the built environment were eligible. A narrative synthesis summarizes the evidence and the certainty of the evidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results from the included natural experiments (n = 25) suggest positive effects, with low to moderate certainty, of increased walkability, new cycling and pedestrian infrastructure, bike share (bike rental) programs and new trails. However, there was very low to low certainty of no significant effects for bus rapid transit, school building and yard improvements and school zone improvements. Some evidence suggests negative effects of off-leash dog park areas on children's park-based PA and of daycare yard improvements on moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Few Canadian studies have evaluated the impact of built environment changes on PA, with most emerging in the last decade. Future studies should include larger and more diverse samples and all regions, control for confounders including seasonal variation in outdoor PA, use well-matched control groups and incorporate objective PA measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"46 3","pages":"104-128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13151415/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147436891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shaping healthier futures: community-level impact of the Alberta Healthy Communities Approach.","authors":"Christina Gillies, Lisa K Allen-Scott, Courtney Baay, Nicole Frenette, Jacky Ka Kei Liu, Stephanie Patterson","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.46.3.02","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.46.3.02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Built environment initiatives that change the physical places in which people live, work and play offer an approach to preventing cancer and chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Alberta Healthy Communities Approach Phase II (AHCA II), a community-based approach to creating healthy environments within and across rural communities and addressing modifiable health behaviours to prevent and reduce cancer and chronic disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nineteen rural communities participated in AHCA II. Data collected with and by community members included two pre- and postimplementation assessment tools and postimplementation focus groups and surveys. Qualitative and quantitative data sources were triangulated to determine community-level outcomes and impacts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The evaluation found three key outcomes and impacts of the AHCA: supportive (built) environments for health; community wellness culture; and community capacity. These intersecting categories demonstrate the positive effects of healthy community initiatives on improving the built environment and supporting health behaviours such as healthy eating, physical activity, ultraviolet radiation protection and tobacco reduction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In addition to improving supportive environments for health, the AHCA facilitated cultural changes and improved community capacity within and across rural communities in Alberta. Each of these components is required to support long-term behaviour changes that promote health and prevent cancer and chronic disease. While these results are encouraging, time and additional evaluations are required to determine whether behavioural changes are sustained and result in reduced rates of cancer and chronic disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"46 3","pages":"80-91"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13151419/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147437093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural experiments for healthier communities: evidence to drive Canadian policy and practice.","authors":"Stephanie A Prince, Gavin R McCormack","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.46.3.05","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.46.3.05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"46 3","pages":"129-131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13151410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147436852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Child maltreatment in Canada: prevalence and gender differences among youth.","authors":"Britt McKinnon, Harriet L MacMillan, Ashley Vandermorris, Katholiki Georgiades, Emma Nolan, Christina Catley, Isabelle Lévesque, Lil Tonmyr","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.46.2.02","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.46.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents the first Canadian self-reported estimates of child maltreatment (CM) from youth using data from 5256 participants aged 15 to 17 years in the 2023 Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth. CM prevalence was high, particularly for emotional abuse (44.9%) and exposure to caregiver emotional intimate partner violence (39.4%). Females reported higher prevalence of sexual abuse (8.1% vs. 1.5%) and emotional abuse (52.2% vs. 35.4%) than males. Youth identifying as nonbinary or with a gender different from their sex assigned at birth reported the highest prevalence across all CM types, including 22.4% for sexual abuse and 83.7% for emotional abuse. These finding underscore the need for targeted research and policies that address structural determinants of gender-based disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"46 2","pages":"61-66"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13075768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146168097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}