Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Indigenous people's experiences of primary health care in Canada: a qualitative systematic review.","authors":"Geneveave Barbo, Sharmin Alam","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.4.01","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.4.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Indigenous people in Canada encounter negative treatment when accessing primary health care (PHC). Despite several qualitative accounts of these experiences, there still has not been a qualitative review conducted on this topic. In this qualitative systematic review, we aimed to explore Indigenous people's experiences in Canada with PHC services, determine urban versus rural or remote differences and identify recommendations for quality improvement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review was guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute's methodology for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence. MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed, PsycInfo, Embase and Web of Science as well as grey literature and ancestry sources were used to identify relevant articles. Ancestry sources were obtained through reviewing the reference lists of all included articles and determining the ones that potentially met the eligibility criteria. Two independent reviewers conducted the initial and full text screening, data extraction and quality assessment. Once all data were gathered, they were synthesized following the meta-aggregation approach (PROSPERO CRD42020192353).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search yielded a total of 2503 articles from the academic databases and 12 articles from the grey literature and ancestry sources. Overall, 22 articles were included in this review. Three major synthesized findings were revealed-satisfactory experiences, discriminatory attitudes and systemic challenges faced by Indigenous patients-along with one synthesized finding on their specific recommendations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Indigenous people value safe, accessible and respectful care. The discrimination and racism they face negatively affect their overall health and well-being. Hence, it is crucial that changes in health care practice, structures and policy development as well as systemic transformation be implemented immediately.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"44 4","pages":"131-151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11097747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140871208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"School- and intervention-related factors associated with institutionalization of health promotion interventions in elementary schools.","authors":"Robert J Wellman, Erin K O'Loughlin, Katerina Maximova, Jodi Kalubi, Teodora Riglea, Jennifer O'Loughlin","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.4.03","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.4.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Long-term availability of health-promoting interventions (HPIs) in school settings can translate into health benefits for children. However, little is known about factors associated with HPI institutionalization in schools. In this study, we identified correlates of the institutionalization of HPIs offered in elementary schools in Quebec, Canada.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In two-part, structured telephone interviews over three academic years (2016-2019), elementary school principals (or their designees) throughout Quebec identified an index HPI offered at least once in their school during the previous three years, and were asked whether it was institutionalized (i.e. explicitly written in the school's educational project, e.g. in the form of educational objectives and means of achieving them). We examined associations between institutionalization and 10 school-related and 16 HPI-related characteristics in univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>School key informants (n = 163) reported on 147 different HPIs that had been available in their schools in the past three years, 56% of which were institutionalized. Three aspects of school culture-parent/community engagement with the school, school/teacher commitment to student health and school physical environment-were positively associated with HPI institutionalization. HPI-related characteristics positively associated with HPI institutionalization included number of competencies addressed by the HPI, number of teaching strategies employed, modifications made to the HPI prior to or during implementation and perceived success of the HPI. Inviting families or community groups to participate in the HPI was inversely associated with institutionalization.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Better understanding of factors associated with HPI institutionalization may inform the development of school-based HPIs that have the potential for sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"44 4","pages":"166-178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11097743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140855097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring differences in substance use behaviours among gender minority and non-gender minority youth: a cross-sectional analysis of the COMPASS study.","authors":"Thepikaa Varatharajan, Karen A Patte, Margaret de Groh, Ying Jiang, Scott T Leatherdale","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.4.04","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.4.04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Research characterizing substance use disparities between gender minority youth (GMY) and non-GMY (i.e. girls and boys) is limited. The aim of this study was to examine the differences in substance use behaviours among gender identity (GI) groups and identify associated risk and protective factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional data from Canadian secondary school students (n = 42 107) that participated in Year 8 (2019/20) or Year 9 (2020/21) of the COMPASS study were used. Hierarchal logistic regression models estimated current substance use (cigarettes, e-cigarettes, binge drinking, cannabis and nonmedical prescription opioids [NMPOs]). Predictor variables included sociodemographics, other substances, mental health outcomes, school connectedness, bullying and happy home life. Interaction terms were used to test mental health measures as moderators in the association between GI and substance use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to non-GMY, GMY reported a higher prevalence for all substance use outcomes. In the adjusted analyses, GMY had higher odds of cigarette, cannabis and NMPO use and lower odds for e-cigarette use relative to non-GMY. The likelihood of using any given substance was higher among individuals who were involved with other substances. School connectedness and happy home life had a protective effect for all substances except binge drinking. Bullying victimization was associated with greater odds of cigarette, e-cigarette use and NMPOs. Significant interactions between GI and all mental health measures were detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings highlight the importance of collecting a GI measure in youth population surveys and prioritizing GMY in substance use-related prevention, treatment and harm reduction programs. Future studies should investigate the effects of GI status on substance use onset and progression among Canadian adolescents over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"44 4","pages":"179-190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11097744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140872834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accidental substance-related acute toxicity deaths in older adults in 2016 and 2017: a national chart review study.","authors":"Jingru Helen Ha, Jacqueline Burt, Shane Randell, Amanda VanSteelandt","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.3.03","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.3.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Limited research exists on substance-related acute toxicity deaths (ATDs) in older adults (≥60 years) in Canada. This study aims to examine and describe the sociodemographic characteristics, health histories and circumstances of death for accidental ATDs among older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following a retrospective descriptive analysis of all coroner and medical examiner files on accidental substance-related ATDs in older adults in Canada from 2016 to 2017, proportions and mortality rates for coroner and medical examiner data were compared with general population data on older adults from the 2016 Census. Chisquare tests were conducted for categorical variables where possible.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2016 to 2017, there were 705 documented accidental ATDs in older adults. Multiple substances contributed to 61% of these deaths. Fentanyl, cocaine and ethanol (alcohol) were the most common substances contributing to death. Heart disease (33%), chronic pain (27%) and depression (26%) were commonly documented. Approximately 84% of older adults had contact with health care services in the year preceding their death. Only 14% were confirmed as having their deaths witnessed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings provide insight into the demographic, contextual and medical history factors that may influence substance-related ATDs in older adults and suggest key areas for prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"44 3","pages":"89-100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11092309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140159551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 among Black people in Canada: a scoping review.","authors":"Adedoyin Olanlesi-Aliu, Janet Kemei, Dominic Alaazi, Modupe Tunde-Byass, Andre Renzaho, Ato Sekyi-Out, Delores V Mullings, Kannin Osei-Tutu, Bukola Salami","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.3.05","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.3.05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated health inequities worldwide. Research conducted in Canada shows that Black populations were disproportionately exposed to COVID-19 and more likely than other ethnoracial groups to be infected and hospitalized. This scoping review sought to map out the nature and extent of current research on COVID-19 among Black people in Canada.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following a five-stage methodological framework for conducting scoping reviews, studies exploring the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Black people in Canada, published up to May 2023, were retrieved through a systematic search of seven databases. Of 457 identified records, 124 duplicates and 279 additional records were excluded after title and abstract screening. Of the remaining 54 articles, 39 were excluded after full-text screening; 2 articles were manually picked from the reference lists of the included articles. In total, 17 articles were included in this review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our review found higher rates of COVID-19 infections and lower rates of COVID-19 screening and vaccine uptake among Black Canadians due to pre-COVID-19 experiences of institutional and structural racism, health inequities and a mistrust of health care professionals that further impeded access to health care. Misinformation about COVID-19 exacerbated mental health issues among Black Canadians.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest the need to address social inequities experienced by Black Canadians, particularly those related to unequal access to employment and health care. Collecting race-based data on COVID-19 could inform policy formulation to address racial discrimination in access to health care, quality housing and employment, resolve inequities and improve the health and well-being of Black people in Canada.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"44 3","pages":"112-125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11092311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140159552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A prospective study of financial worry, mental health changes and the moderating effect of social support among Canadian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Jessica A Goddard, Valerie F Pagnotta, Markus J Duncan, Matthew Sudiyono, William Pickett, Scott T Leatherdale, Karen A Patte","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.3.04","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.3.04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic intensified the impact of risk factors for adolescent mental health, including financial worry. Social support has shown to protect from negative mental health during times of stress. We examined the effect of financial worry on changes in anxiety and depression symptoms among Canadian adolescents prior to and during the pandemic, and assessed whether social support from family and friends moderated any changes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 2-year linked data from the 2018/19 (pre-pandemic) and 2020/21 (during-pandemic) waves of the COMPASS study, with reports from 12 995 Canadian secondary school students. A series of multilevel linear regressions were conducted to examine the main hypotheses under study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Students scored an average (SD) of 7.2 (5.8) on the anxiety (GAD-7) and 10.0 (6.5) on the depression (CESD-10) scales; 16.1% reported they experienced financial worry during the pandemic. Financial worry was a strong and significant predictor of increased anxiety scores (+1.7 score between those reporting \"true/mostly true\" versus \"false/mostly false\") during the pandemic, but not for depression scores. Low family and friend support were associated with anxiety, and low family support was associated with depression. No significant interactions were detected between social support and financial worry.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pandemic-related financial worry was significantly associated with anxiety in our large sample of Canadian adolescents. Clinical and public health initiatives should be aware of adolescents' financial worry and its associations with anxiety during times of crisis.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"44 3","pages":"101-111"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11092308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140159524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using death investigation data to better understand the overdose crisis.","authors":"Amanda VanSteelandt, Jenny Rotondo","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.3.01","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.3.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The collection of articles in this theme series of the journal presents results from a national chart review study of the death investigation files of people who died of acute toxicity in Canada between 2016 and 2017. This study endeavoured to better understand the characteristics of the people who died, the circumstances of their deaths and the substances involved. While information about the study and some of its findings have previously been published, we would like to share more about how the study came to be, the people involved and the value of collaborative efforts between coroners, medical examiners and public health practitioners.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"44 3","pages":"75-76"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11092307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140159553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accidental substance-related acute toxicity deaths among youth in Canada: a descriptive analysis of a national chart review study of coroner and medical examiner data.","authors":"Grace Yi-Shin Chang, Amanda VanSteelandt, Katherine McKenzie, Fiona Kouyoumdjian","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.3.02","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.3.02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Substance-related acute toxicity deaths (ATDs) are a public health crisis in Canada. Youth are often at higher risk for substance use due to social, environmental and structural factors. The objectives of this study were to understand the characteristics of youth (aged 12-24 years) dying of accidental acute toxicity in Canada and examine the substances contributing to and circumstances surrounding youth ATDs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from a national chart review study of coroner and medical examiner data on ATDs that occurred in Canada between 2016 and 2017 were used to conduct descriptive analyses with proportions, mortality rates and proportionate mortality rates. Where possible, youth in the chart review study were compared with youth in the general population and youth who died of all causes, using census data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 732 youth who died of accidental acute toxicity in 2016-2017, most (94%) were aged 18 to 24 years. Youth aged 20 to 24 who were unemployed, unhoused or living in collective housing were overrepresented among accidental ATDs. Many of the youth aged 12 to 24 who died of accidental acute toxicity had a documented history of substance use. Fentanyl, cocaine and methamphetamine were the most common substances contributing to death, and 38% of the deaths were witnessed or potentially witnessed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this study point to the need for early prevention and harm reduction strategies and programs that address mental health, exposure to trauma, unemployment and housing instability to reduce the harms of substance use on Canadian youth.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"44 3","pages":"77-88"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11092314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140159550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity, organized sport participation and active transportation to school among Canadian youth by gender identity and sexual attraction.","authors":"Chinchin Wang, Gregory Butler, McKenna R J Szczepanowski, Marisol T Betancourt, Karen C Roberts","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.2.02","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Regular physical activity is associated with a wide range of health benefits in youth. While previous studies have identified disparities in physical activity among youth by gender identity and sexual attraction, these have seldom been explored in Canadian youth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the 2019 Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth were used to assess prevalence of and time spent in organized sports participation, total physical activity and active transportation by gender identity (non-cisgender vs. cisgender) among youth aged 12 to 17, and by sexual attraction (nonheterosexual attraction vs. heterosexual attraction) among youth aged 15 to 17.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no difference in average minutes of total physical activity per week between non-cisgender and cisgender Canadian youth. Non-cisgender youth (which represent 0.5% of the population) averaged significantly fewer minutes of organized sports per week than their cisgender counterparts. There was some evidence of increased active transportation to school among non-cisgender youth, but insufficient power to detect significant differences. Canadian youth reporting any nonheterosexual attraction (which represent 21.2% of the population, including mostly heterosexual youth) were less likely to be regularly physically active and participate in organized sports than youth reporting exclusive heterosexual attraction. Differences were larger among males than females. Males reporting nonheterosexual attraction were more likely to use active transportation to get to school than their heterosexual counterparts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Non-cisgender youth and youth reporting nonheterosexual attraction tended to participate less in organized sports than their counterparts, but may have engaged in more active transportation. Mitigating the barriers associated with sport participation could increase physical activity among these groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"44 2","pages":"47-55"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11013025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139731006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suicide Surveillance Indicator Framework Quick Stats and Data Tool, cycles 3 and 4.","authors":"Gabriela Williams, Hongbo Liang","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.2.05","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.44.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51316,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada-Research Policy and Practice","volume":"44 2","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11013029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139731008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}