Animal Health Research Reviews最新文献_第6页

Genomics: the host's genotype and its relevance to bovine respiratory disease. 基因组学:宿主的基因型及其与牛呼吸道疾病的相关性。

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Animal Health Research Reviews Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-02 DOI: 10.1017/S1466252320000134

Holly Neibergs

{"title":"Genomics: the host's genotype and its relevance to bovine respiratory disease.","authors":"Holly Neibergs","doi":"10.1017/S1466252320000134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1466252320000134","url":null,"abstract":"Genomic variation exists in cattle that affects their susceptibility to the complex of pathogens responsible for bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Heritability estimates and genome-wide association analyses (GWAA) support the role of host genomic variation in BRD susceptibility. Heritability estimates for BRD susceptibility range from 0.02 to 0.29 depending on the population, the definition of the disease, and the accuracy of diagnosis. GWAA have identified genomic regions (loci) associated with BRD in beef and dairy cattle based on a variety of BRD diagnostic criteria. National standards need to be developed for BRD diagnostics and reporting to facilitate selection. Commercial genotyping is available to predict BRD susceptibility in dairy cattle and for the selection of replacement animals. Disease pathogen profiles vary by region and can result in genetic heterogeneity where different loci are important for susceptibility to different BRD pathogens. Although the identification of the BRD pathogens may not be critical for treatment, it is of paramount importance in identifying loci that render cattle susceptible to the disease. Identification of loci associated with host susceptibility to BRD provides a foundation for genomic selection to reduce disease and opens the possibilities to a better understanding of how the host defends itself.","PeriodicalId":51313,"journal":{"name":"Animal Health Research Reviews","volume":"21 2","pages":"179-183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S1466252320000134","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38660717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

AHR volume 21 issue 2 Cover and Front matter AHR第21卷第2期封面和封面

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Animal Health Research Reviews Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/s1466252321000025

引用次数: 0

Development and application of molecular diagnostics and proteomics to bovine respiratory disease (BRD). 牛呼吸道疾病(BRD)分子诊断和蛋白质组学研究进展及应用

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Animal Health Research Reviews Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-02 DOI: 10.1017/S1466252320000092

John Dustin Loy

{"title":"Development and application of molecular diagnostics and proteomics to bovine respiratory disease (BRD).","authors":"John Dustin Loy","doi":"10.1017/S1466252320000092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1466252320000092","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in molecular and proteomic technologies and methods have enabled new diagnostic tools for bovine respiratory pathogens that are high-throughput, rapid, and extremely sensitive. Classically, diagnostic testing for these pathogens required culture-based approaches that required days to weeks and highly trained technical staff to conduct. However, new advances such as multiplex hydrolysis probe-based real-time PCR technology have enabled enhanced and rapid detection of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) pathogens in a variety of clinical specimens. These tools provide many advantages and have shown superiority over culture for co-infections/co-detections where multiple pathogens are present. Additionally, the integration of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MS) into veterinary diagnostic labs has revolutionized the ability to rapidly identify bacterial pathogens associated with BRD. Recent applications of this technology include the ability to type these opportunistic pathogens to the sub-species level (specifically Mannheimia haemolytica) using MS-based biomarkers, to allow for the identification of bacterial genotypes associated with BRD versus genotypes that are more likely to be commensal in nature.","PeriodicalId":51313,"journal":{"name":"Animal Health Research Reviews","volume":"21 2","pages":"164-167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S1466252320000092","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38663349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Behavior assessment and applications for BRD diagnosis: beef. 行为评估及其在BRD诊断中的应用:牛肉。

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Animal Health Research Reviews Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1466252320000249

John T Richeson

{"title":"Behavior assessment and applications for BRD diagnosis: beef.","authors":"John T Richeson","doi":"10.1017/S1466252320000249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1466252320000249","url":null,"abstract":"Assessment of behavior is a longstanding strategy to assist the diagnosis of clinical bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in beef cattle. Cattle with systemic inflammation caused by infectious pathogen(s) display predictable behavioral adaptations compared to healthy cohorts. Behavioral alterations in BRD-affected cattle include lethargy, social isolation, and anorexia. However, behavior assessment to support BRD case definition in the production setting is challenging because: (1) other bovine diseases cause behavior alterations similar to BRD; (2) cattle have inherent prey instinct to disguise sickness behavior during human evaluation; (3) labor constraints dictate very brief observation of animal behavior; and (4) traditional behavior assessment is subjective and agreement is often poor. Some of these challenges may be overcome with the use of advanced technologies that allow continuous, remote, and objective behavior assessment of individual cattle. Automated methodologies for behavior assessment include three-axis accelerometers that quantify physical behaviors, systems that document feeding/watering behavior, and triangulation systems that document spatial behavior. Each of these behavior-monitoring approaches generates unique information and may facilitate early detection of BRD compared to traditional methods. Nevertheless, adoption of behavior assessment technologies for BRD diagnosis in beef operations hinges upon improved detection, positive return on investment, and successful integration within existing BRD management practices.","PeriodicalId":51313,"journal":{"name":"Animal Health Research Reviews","volume":"21 2","pages":"192-195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S1466252320000249","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25456658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Pharmacological considerations of antibiotic failures in bovine respiratory disease cases. 牛呼吸道疾病病例中抗生素失效的药理学考虑。

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Animal Health Research Reviews Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-02 DOI: 10.1017/S1466252320000122

Brian V Lubbers

引用次数: 0

Components of a risk assessment tool for prevention and control of bovine respiratory disease in preweaned dairy calves. 预防和控制未断奶犊牛呼吸道疾病风险评估工具的组成部分。

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Animal Health Research Reviews Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.1017/S1466252320000201

Sharif S Aly, Betsy M Karle, Deniece R Williams, Gabriele U Maier, Sasha Dubrovsky

{"title":"Components of a risk assessment tool for prevention and control of bovine respiratory disease in preweaned dairy calves.","authors":"Sharif S Aly, Betsy M Karle, Deniece R Williams, Gabriele U Maier, Sasha Dubrovsky","doi":"10.1017/S1466252320000201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1466252320000201","url":null,"abstract":"Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the leading natural cause of death in US beef and dairy cattle, causing the annual loss of more than 1 million animals and financial losses in excess of $700 million. The multiple etiologies of BRD and its complex web of risk factors necessitate a herd-specific intervention plan for its prevention and control on dairies. Hence, a risk assessment is an important tool that producers and veterinarians can utilize for a comprehensive assessment of the management and host factors that predispose calves to BRD. The current study identifies the steps taken to develop the first BRD risk assessment tool and its components, namely the BRD risk factor questionnaire, the BRD scoring system, and a herd-specific BRD control and prevention plan. The risk factor questionnaire was designed to inquire on aspects of calf-rearing including management practices that affect calf health generally, and BRD specifically. The risk scores associated with each risk factor investigated in the questionnaire were estimated based on data from two observational studies. Producers can also estimate the prevalence of BRD in their calf herds using a smart phone or tablet application that facilitates selection of a true random sample of calves for scoring using the California BRD scoring system. Based on the risk factors identified, producers and herd veterinarians can then decide the management changes needed to mitigate the calf herd's risk for BRD. A follow-up risk assessment after a duration of time sufficient for exposure of a new cohort of calves to the management changes introduced in response to the risk assessment is recommended to monitor the prevalence of BRD.","PeriodicalId":51313,"journal":{"name":"Animal Health Research Reviews","volume":"21 2","pages":"153-159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S1466252320000201","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38717655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The role of the bovine respiratory bacterial microbiota in health and disease. 牛呼吸道细菌微生物群在健康和疾病中的作用。

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Animal Health Research Reviews Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1466252320000316

Trevor W Alexander, Edouard Timsit, Samat Amat

{"title":"The role of the bovine respiratory bacterial microbiota in health and disease.","authors":"Trevor W Alexander, Edouard Timsit, Samat Amat","doi":"10.1017/S1466252320000316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1466252320000316","url":null,"abstract":"Increased antimicrobial resistance in bovine respiratory bacterial pathogens poses a threat to the effective control and prevention of bovine respiratory disease (BRD). As part of continued efforts to develop antimicrobial alternatives to mitigate BRD, the microbial community residing within the respiratory tract of feedlot cattle has been increasingly studied using next-generation sequencing technologies. The mucosal surfaces of upper and lower respiratory tracts of cattle are colonized by a diverse and dynamic microbiota encompassing commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic bacteria. While a direct causal relationship between respiratory microbiota and the development of BRD in feedlot cattle has not been fully elucidated, increasing evidence suggests that the microbiota contributes to respiratory health by providing colonization resistance against pathogens and maintaining homeostasis. Certain management practices such as weaning, transportation, feed transition, and antibiotic application can disrupt the respiratory microbiota, potentially altering pathogen colonization. Microbiota-based approaches, including bacterial therapeutics that target restoring the normal respiratory microbiota, may provide new methods for mitigating BRD in feedlot cattle in place of antibiotics. In addition, the distinct bacterial respiratory microbial communities observed in BRD-affected and healthy feedlot cattle may allow for future application of microbiota-based techniques used in the diagnosis of BRD.","PeriodicalId":51313,"journal":{"name":"Animal Health Research Reviews","volume":"21 2","pages":"168-171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S1466252320000316","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25456656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

BRD treatment failure: clinical and pathologic considerations. BRD治疗失败:临床和病理考虑。

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Animal Health Research Reviews Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1466252320000328

T L Ollivett

引用次数: 5

Improving resistance of cattle to BRD through genomics. 通过基因组学提高牛对BRD的抗性。

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Animal Health Research Reviews Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1466252320000171

Kristen L Parker Gaddis

{"title":"Improving resistance of cattle to BRD through genomics.","authors":"Kristen L Parker Gaddis","doi":"10.1017/S1466252320000171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1466252320000171","url":null,"abstract":"Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is of considerable economic importance to the dairy industry, specifically among young animals. Several studies have demonstrated that BRD has a significant genetic component, with heritabilities ranging from 0.04 up to 0.22, which could be utilized to select more resistant animals. Taking advantage of available genomic data will allow more accurate genetic predictions to be made earlier in an animal's life. The availability of genomic data does not negate the necessity of quality phenotypes, in this case, records of BRD incidence. Evidence has shown that genetic selection is possible through the use of producer-recorded health information. The national dairy cooperator database currently has minimal records on respiratory problems. There is an existing pipeline for these data to flow from events recorded by producers on the farm to the national database used for genetic evaluation. Additional data could also be collected through the expansion of currently utilized termination codes and used in conjunction with the records of direct health events. Selection for animals with improved BRD resistance is possible at the national level; however, collection of additional phenotypes remains a significant hurdle.","PeriodicalId":51313,"journal":{"name":"Animal Health Research Reviews","volume":"21 2","pages":"184-187"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S1466252320000171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25456657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Food for thought: nano-selenium in poultry nutrition and health. 思考食物:家禽营养与健康中的纳米硒。

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Animal Health Research Reviews Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-23 DOI: 10.1017/S1466252320000183

Peter F Surai, Ivan I Kochish

引用次数: 11