Animal Health Research Reviews最新文献_第5页

Pneumonia in endangered aquatic mammals and the need for developing low-coverage vaccination for their management and conservation. 濒危水生哺乳动物中的肺炎以及为其管理和保护开发低覆盖率疫苗的必要性。

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Animal Health Research Reviews Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-09 DOI: 10.1017/S1466252320000158

Ghulam Nabi, Richard W McLaughlin, Suliman Khan, Yujiang Hao, Ming Xian Chang

{"title":"Pneumonia in endangered aquatic mammals and the need for developing low-coverage vaccination for their management and conservation.","authors":"Ghulam Nabi, Richard W McLaughlin, Suliman Khan, Yujiang Hao, Ming Xian Chang","doi":"10.1017/S1466252320000158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1466252320000158","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropogenic activities can lead to several devastating effects on the environment. The pollutants, which include the discharge of effluents, runoffs in the form of different lethal and sub-lethal concentrations of pesticides, heavy metals, and other contaminants, can harm exposed fauna and flora. The aquatic environment is the ultimate destination for many pollutants which negatively affect aquatic biodiversity and even can cause a species to become extinct. A pollutant can directly affect the behavior of an animal, disrupt cellular systems, and impair the immune system. This harm can be reduced and even mitigated by adopting proper approaches for the conservation of the target biota. Among aquatic organisms, cetaceans, such as the Yangtze finless porpoise, Irrawaddy dolphin, Ganges River dolphin, Amazon River dolphin, and Indus River dolphin, are at a higher risk of extinction because of lack of knowledge and research, and thus insufficient information with respect to their conservation status, management, and policies. Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of mass mortalities of cetaceans. This article reviews the limited research reported on stress and pneumonia induced by pollution, stress-induced pneumonia and immunosuppression, pneumonia-caused mass mortalities of aquatic mammals, and vaccination in wildlife with a specific focus on aquatic mammals, the role of genomics in vaccine development and vaccination, and the major challenges in vaccine development for biodiversity conservation.","PeriodicalId":51313,"journal":{"name":"Animal Health Research Reviews","volume":"21 2","pages":"122-130"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S1466252320000158","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38689085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Economics of respiratory disease in dairy replacement heifers. 奶牛替代小母牛呼吸系统疾病的经济学。

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Animal Health Research Reviews Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1466252320000250

Michael W Overton

{"title":"Economics of respiratory disease in dairy replacement heifers.","authors":"Michael W Overton","doi":"10.1017/S1466252320000250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1466252320000250","url":null,"abstract":"Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a frequent disease concern in dairy cattle and is most commonly diagnosed in young dairy heifers. The impact of BRD is highly variable, depending on the accuracy and completeness of detection, effectiveness of treatment, and on-farm culling practices. Consequences include decreased rate of weight gain, a higher culling risk either as heifers or as cows, delayed age at first service, delayed age at first calving, and in some cases, lower future milk production. In this data set of 104,100 dairy replacement heifers from across the USA, 36.6% had one or more cases diagnosed within the first 120 days of age with the highest risk of new cases occurring prior to weaning. Comparison of the raising cost for heifers with BRD and those without a recorded history of BRD resulted in an estimated cost per incident case occurring in the first 120 days of age of $252 or $282, depending upon whether anticipated future milk production differences were considered or not. Current market conditions contributed to a cost estimate that is significantly higher than previously published estimates, driven in part by the losses associated with selective culling of a subset of heifers that experienced BRD.","PeriodicalId":51313,"journal":{"name":"Animal Health Research Reviews","volume":"21 2","pages":"143-148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S1466252320000250","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25446747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Risk factors for bovine respiratory disease in beef cattle. 肉牛呼吸道疾病的危险因素。

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Animal Health Research Reviews Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1466252320000110

David R Smith

{"title":"Risk factors for bovine respiratory disease in beef cattle.","authors":"David R Smith","doi":"10.1017/S1466252320000110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1466252320000110","url":null,"abstract":"Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the leading cause of death in beef calves 3 weeks of age to weaning and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in beef feeding and finishing systems. Each outbreak of respiratory disease is the result of the completion of a sufficient cause, which might have also included components of viral and bacterial pathogens, a certain state of immunity, or other component causes of respiratory disease in cattle that we fail to understand. Disease is expressed when a sufficient cause is completed. Disease events we observe, such as the occurrence of BRD, usually have relationships with risk factors that are commonly the subject of epidemiologic research and the primary subject of this paper. However, it is important to understand that underlying systems produce those relationships and, ultimately, the occurrence of disease. The risk factors for BRD include a complex set of component causes that include bacterial and viral pathogens, level of host immunity, and environmental conditions that favor pathogen transmission and stress-induced susceptibility. During the post-weaning phase, these factors are superimposed on a system of marketing, transportation, and decisions made to support economic opportunity that further increase the risk for BRD.","PeriodicalId":51313,"journal":{"name":"Animal Health Research Reviews","volume":"21 2","pages":"149-152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S1466252320000110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25456654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Behavior assessment and applications for BRD diagnosis: preweaned dairy calves. 未断奶犊牛的行为评估及其BRD诊断应用。

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Animal Health Research Reviews Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-02 DOI: 10.1017/S1466252320000213

Catie Cramer, Theresa L Ollivett

{"title":"Behavior assessment and applications for BRD diagnosis: preweaned dairy calves.","authors":"Catie Cramer, Theresa L Ollivett","doi":"10.1017/S1466252320000213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1466252320000213","url":null,"abstract":"Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an important disease in dairy calves due to its long-lasting effects. Early identification results in better outcomes for the animal, but producers struggle to identify all calves with BRD. Sickness behavior, or the behavioral changes that accompany illness, has been investigated for its usefulness as a disease detection tool. Behavioral changes associated with BRD include decreased milk intake and drinking speed, depressed attitude, and less likelihood of approaching a novel object or stationary human. Behavioral measurements are useful, as they can be collected automatically or with little financial input. However, one limitation of many BRD behavioral studies includes the use of either lung auscultation or clinical signs as reference methods, which are imperfect. Additionally, external factors may influence the expression of sickness behavior, which can affect if and when behavior can be used to identify calves with BRD. Behavioral measures available to detect BRD lack adequate sensitivity and specificity to be the sole means of disease detection, especially when detection tools, such as calf lung ultrasound, have better test characteristics. However, using behavioral assessments in addition to other detection methods can allow for a robust BRD detection program that can ameliorate the consequences of BRD.","PeriodicalId":51313,"journal":{"name":"Animal Health Research Reviews","volume":"21 2","pages":"188-191"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S1466252320000213","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38663343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

The role of the veterinary diagnostic lab in the management of BRD. 兽医诊断实验室在BRD管理中的作用。

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Animal Health Research Reviews Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-09 DOI: 10.1017/S1466252320000225

R G Helman

{"title":"The role of the veterinary diagnostic lab in the management of BRD.","authors":"R G Helman","doi":"10.1017/S1466252320000225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1466252320000225","url":null,"abstract":"Veterinary diagnostic labs (VDLs) are important service agencies providing essential diagnostic testing for a wide variety of domestic animal species as well as wildlife. They serve key roles in disease monitoring and diagnosis as well as surveillance for diseases of consequence. Of the many roles VDLs serve, one is being a member of the larger team of professionals dealing with the management of the bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex. VDLs provide a number of services related to the management of BRD. These include disease outbreak investigation, abnormal morbidity characterization, routine monitoring, and biosecurity screening for a variety of infectious agents via methods such as necropsy and histopathology, bacterial culture, antimicrobial sensitivity testing, virus isolation, and serological assays. VDLs continue to look for better methods and assays as instrumentation technology also grows and improves. This is reflected in the growing proliferation of molecular-based assays that provide a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. Professional staff in VDLs work in collaboration with those in academia and private industry to conduct basic research focusing on a different aspect of the BRD complex. VDLs remain a primary source of the varied field-origin infectious agents associated with BRD that are used for research purposes.","PeriodicalId":51313,"journal":{"name":"Animal Health Research Reviews","volume":"21 2","pages":"160-163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S1466252320000225","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38699774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Economic considerations of enhanced BRD control. 加强复兴开发银行控制的经济考虑。

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Animal Health Research Reviews Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1466252320000304

Derrell S Peel

引用次数: 1

Impact of bovine respiratory disease in U.S. beef cattle. 美国肉牛呼吸道疾病的影响。

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Animal Health Research Reviews Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-07 DOI: 10.1017/S1466252320000079

Brad J White, Bob L Larson

引用次数: 8

Bovine Respiratory Disease virtual symposium. 牛呼吸道疾病虚拟研讨会。

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Animal Health Research Reviews Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1466252320000298

Christopher C L Chase, Amelia R Woolums

引用次数: 0

Bovine respiratory disease treatment failure: definition and impact. 牛呼吸道疾病治疗失败:定义和影响。

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Animal Health Research Reviews Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S146625232000016X

Calvin W Booker

引用次数: 3

The National Animal Health Monitoring System's perspective on respiratory disease in dairy cattle. 国家动物健康监测系统对奶牛呼吸系统疾病的看法。

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Animal Health Research Reviews Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1466252320000080

Diana M Short, Jason E Lombard

{"title":"The National Animal Health Monitoring System's perspective on respiratory disease in dairy cattle.","authors":"Diana M Short, Jason E Lombard","doi":"10.1017/S1466252320000080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1466252320000080","url":null,"abstract":"In 1991, USDA's National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) conducted its first dairy study, a baseline assessment that focused on the health and management of heifer calves. During the study, producers ranked respiratory disease among the top two most common health problems affecting dairy calves. Over the last 25 years, U.S. dairy producers have participated in six NAHMS studies, yielding a rich repository of information that has helped identify needs for research, extension, and education in the dairy industry. NAHMS' most recent dairy study, conducted in 2014, provides the latest estimates on dairy cattle health and includes another in-depth look at heifer-calf health. While overall mortality in calves has decreased, bovine respiratory disease (BRD) remains an important cause of morbidity in calves. This raises the concern that BRD mitigation may be at a standstill on dairies. Research and on-farm experience have done much to elucidate the challenges associated with detection and perceived impacts of this complex disease. Continued development and implementation of new methods for monitoring health and detecting disease will provide additional tools to upend stalemating factors associated with BRD control, helping the dairy industry 'turn a corner' on this important disease.","PeriodicalId":51313,"journal":{"name":"Animal Health Research Reviews","volume":"21 2","pages":"135-138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S1466252320000080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25456659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5